The earliest "CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection" in China should have started from the Qin Dynasty, that is to say, since there was an emperor, there has been a "CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection". In 22 1 BC, after the Qin Dynasty destroyed the six countries and unified China, the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, which lasted for more than 2,000 years and was not abolished until the Revolution of 1911 of 19 1.
Whether it is an ancient imperial censor or an imperial envoy, although their names are different, their functions are basically the same. They all supervise the words and deeds of officials at all levels and their law enforcement departments, and enjoy the highest power of life and death given by the emperor.
In the Qin Dynasty, the emperor had three official positions: Prime Minister, Qiu and Imperial Envoy, among which the Prime Minister was in charge of government affairs, Qiu was in charge of military affairs and the Imperial Envoy was in charge of supervision. "Official List of Hanshu" says: "Supervising the imperial history, supervising the Qin officials, supervising the counties and supervising the Han provinces." The official position of the Imperial Doctor in the Qin Dynasty was second only to that of the Prime Minister, and he was called "alternate Prime Minister". Qin Shihuang also sent the suggestion to the county-level institutions to be responsible for local supervision. By the Qin Dynasty, the supervision system in China had basically taken shape.
Why establish a monitoring system? Because officials at all levels are employees invited by the emperor, the boss is afraid that employees will be lazy and slack, especially graft, which will lead to the collapse of the Empire State Building. So find some supervisors to supervise employees and make them loyal and conscientious. "The defeat of the country is also due to the evil of the official" ("Zuo Zhuan Huan Gong Two Years"), "I am afraid that the official will not be repaired, and I will establish a prison in Mu Zhi." Afraid of supervision, set up inspectors to correct it "("reflection of Shu Wei ").
In the era of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, in order to supervise that the satrap of each county and the vassal state were equal to "two thousand stone officials", the counties and countries outside Gyeonggi were divided into thirteen state departments, and a 600-stone-rank secretariat was set up to "inspect the county and state, investigate the case" and "stab to death illegally". The supervision system matured in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the first year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1403), the emperor ordered that "the imperial censors be sent to patrol the world separately". When I was in Duchayuan, I was called an internal police officer, and when I went out for inspection, I was called an external police officer. Named after the items visited, it can be divided into Qing Empire, Xue Empire, Salt Empire and Customs Empire, which is similar to today's "special inspection".
A person who specializes in patrolling local officials is called "patrolling a certain place and monitoring the imperial history", which is roughly equivalent to today's "routine patrol". In the Ming Dynasty, the distribution of national patrol according to the imperial history was: "two in the north of Zhili, three in the south of Zhili, one in Xuanda, one in Liaodong, one in Gansu and one in each of the thirteen provinces." The system of the Qing dynasty followed the system of the Ming dynasty and changed little.