1, the invention of papermaking: it provided economical and convenient writing materials for human beings and set off a revolution in human writing carriers;
Before the Han Dynasty, it was inconvenient for people to write with bamboo slips, wooden slips and silks. Baqiao paper was produced in the Western Han Dynasty, and paper was made from plant fibers until the Eastern Han Dynasty. Eunuch Cai Lun summed up the experience of working people and used bark, hemp head and rags? Supervise the production of a batch of high-quality hemp paper with old fishing nets as raw materials. This kind of paper is easy to find and cheap, and the output of paper has increased greatly since then.
China was the first country in the world to invent papermaking. The invention of paper promoted the development of China culture. Centuries later, it spread to Korea, Japan, India, Arabia and other countries, and later it spread to Europe and America through North Africa, which is also a great contribution to the world cultural exchange and promotion.
2. The invention of block printing greatly promoted the spread of culture;
3. The invention of the compass: it provided conditions for the navigation activities of European navigators; The application of compass in navigation has greatly promoted the great geographical discovery and maritime trade. The invention of the compass originated from the study of how the ancient people in China oriented, and also showed that the ancient people attached importance to how to orient. Therefore, the compass is known as one of four great inventions of ancient china. In ancient China, compasses were used for military and maritime activities, and also for geomantic omen theory. Later, it was introduced to Europe, which played an irreplaceable role in European navigation and geographical discovery. In the invention of navigation technology, compass is also the most important single invention.
4. Invention of gunpowder weapons: The use of gunpowder weapons changed the way of fighting, helped the European bourgeoisie destroy feudal fortresses and accelerated the historical process in Europe. China's gunpowder promoted the course of world history. Engels once spoke highly of China's role in the invention of gunpowder. It has been proved beyond doubt that gunpowder was passed from China to Arabs through India, and Arabs and gunpowder weapons were introduced to Europe through Spain. ? Gunpowder shook the feudal rule in western Europe, and the chivalrous class, which once boasted by cold weapons, declined day by day! The invention of gunpowder greatly promoted the process of historical development and was one of the important pillars of the European Renaissance and Religious Reform.