Apply principles to
First, the principle of relevance.
Relevance refers to the comparison between historical events and historical figures. Only by comparing things and phenomena of the same or different nature in the same period can we further understand the * * * or personality characteristics of these things or phenomena. We can also compare different historical events or historical figures in the same historical period and grasp the essential characteristics from the differences. Only by comparing similar historical events or phenomena in different historical periods can we understand the characteristics, changes and development laws of such things or phenomena.
Second, the principle of correspondence
Historical events and historical phenomena to be compared must have corresponding comparison points, that is, comparison items. For example, compare two typical bourgeois movements in the history of China ── the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Revolution of 1911. This paper makes a comprehensive comparison from the background, leadership stage, revolutionary program, struggle mode, historical significance, failure reasons and experiences and lessons of the movement.
Third, emphasize principles.
Historical comparison is multi-faceted and multi-layered, but it is not arbitrary, but should be compared with emphasis. For example, compare the thoughts of Lin Zexu, Wei Yuan and Westernization School: there are mainly backgrounds, purposes, opinions, influences and class attributes. The most important of these comparisons should be the comparison between the fundamental purpose and the core proposition.
Fourth, the principle of the times
Comparison is not only to distinguish the similarities and differences between historical events and historical phenomena, but more importantly, to reveal the essential characteristics of historical events and historical phenomena, to explore the laws contained in historical representations, and to explore the similarities and special laws of historical development. Therefore, in comparison, historical events, historical phenomena and historical figures should be placed in a specific historical period and closely linked with the characteristics of the times in which the events and figures are located, so as to get valuable results.
"Historical Comparison Method" in Linguistics
Historical comparison method is a method to explore the law of language development through the differences between two or more dialects or relatives' languages.
Starting from the arbitrariness of symbols, we must distinguish diachronic research from diachronic research of language. It is the key to distinguish the state (* * * tense) and the evolution stage (diachronic state) of a language. * * * Temporal linguistics studies the logical relationship and psychological relationship among the elements that exist at the same time and constitute a system, and these elements are perceived by the same collective consciousness. Diachronic linguistics, on the other hand, studies the relationship between continuous elements that are not felt by the same collective consciousness. These elements do not form a system by replacing one with another. It is especially important to learn the tense of * * *. In Saussure's view, language is a form, not a substance, but a system of interrelated values. The purpose of analyzing language is to reveal the value system that constitutes the current situation of language. History reflects the evolution of each component in time, historical forms and systematic application of these forms. The focus of the study is the function of form in the system, and there is no need to explain its historical changes or reasons, because this explanation only explains the changes of language components, not the language system. Linguistics explains form and its combination rules from the structure. Its method is to reveal the potential relationship system from the concrete temporality, because it is this relationship that creates and determines all the components in the temporality system.