After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom captured Nanjing in 1920, He Li was sent to the north to Beijing. The purpose of this Northern Expedition is to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. However, two years later, the Northern Expeditionary Army was completely annihilated for lack of supplies and weapons. Although the Northern Expedition of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom failed, it went deep into the central area of the Qing Dynasty, which hit the feudal rule of the Qing government and diverted the attention of the Qing government, creating conditions for 1856' s simultaneous western and eastern expeditions. Therefore, the Northern Expedition of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was an important part of the three major military actions of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom at that time (Northern Expedition, Western Expedition and Eastern Expedition).

2. Northern Expedition War

China Kuomintang cooperated with China to organize the National Revolutionary Army, and waged a war to overthrow the rule of Beiyang warlords from 1926 to 1927. This war, together with the war of 1924 to 1925 to unify Guangdong, is called the first revolutionary civil war, commonly known as the Great Revolution. Preparing for the War 1924 65438+ 10, Sun Yat-sen presided over the first national congress of the Chinese Kuomintang in Guangzhou, determined the three major policies of uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party and helping the peasants and workers, reorganized the Kuomintang, and realized the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. 1925, the National Revolutionary Army under the leadership of the Guangzhou National Government conquered the armies of Chen Jiongming and Deng Benyin successively by going east and south. 1926, 1 June, Guangdong revolutionary base area was unified. 1in February, 926, China held a special meeting in Beijing and put forward the idea of sending troops to the northern expedition to overthrow the warlord rule. On June 5th, Guangzhou National Government passed the motion to start the Northern Expedition. /kloc-The declaration of the Northern Expedition was issued in July, and the National Revolutionary Army swore the Northern Expedition on July 9th. Chiang Kai-shek served as Commander-in-Chief of the National Revolutionary Army, with eight armies under his jurisdiction, each with party representatives in addition to the commander. Most of the political workers in the National Revolutionary Army are left-wingers of party member and the Kuomintang. In the course of the war, the National Revolutionary Army determined the strategic policy of concentrating its forces and splitting into two. It plans to annihilate the direct army first, then the direct army and finally the army. /kloc-in September of 0/7, Feng Yuxiang led his troops to fight in Wuyuan (now Inner Mongolia) in Suiyuan. The Northern Expeditionary Army first marched into Hunan with the main force. In late May, the two divisions of the Fourth Army and the Ye Ting Independent Regiment entered Hunan, which paved the way for the Northern Expedition. The Northern Expeditionary Army entered Changsha on July 1 1 and captured Hubei in three ways. /kloc-In August of 0/9, the Middle Route Army launched a general attack, successively captured Pingjiang and Yueyang, and cut off Yuehan Road. Then enter the territory of Hubei to fight. On the 30th, Tingsi Bridge and Sheng Qiao, the military pass of Wuchang Railway, were successively conquered. The Fourth Army was brave and good at fighting, and won the title of Tiejun. Then, the Northern Expeditionary Army joined Hanyang, Hankou and Wuchang. At this point, the main force was basically eliminated, and the Northern Expeditionary Army won a decisive victory in the Battle of the Two Lakes. After the Northern Expeditionary Army conquered Wuchang, Guangzhou National Government decided to move the capital to Wuhan. At the same time, open up the battlefield in Jiangxi. 10 years ago 10 months ago, the northern expeditionary army attacked Nanchang twice with heavy casualties and was forced to lift the siege of Nanchang. After the victory of the Northern Expeditionary Army, the main force quickly moved to Jiangxi. 165438+1At the beginning of October, the Northern Expedition Army launched a general attack on Sun's strongholds in Jiangxi. No.8 occupied Nanchang. At this point, the Beiyang army in Jiangxi was completely defeated. The war in Jiangxi was urgent, and the Northern Expeditionary Army sent troops to Fujian, occupying Fujian province from 1926 to 12, and advancing to Zhejiang. At this time, the Northern Expeditionary Army has grown to 20 armies with a strength of 250,000. 1927 At the end of February, the East Route Army under the command of He, Bai Chongxi occupied Hangzhou and Zhejiang. March 2 1 occupied Songjiang and Longhua. Shanghai workers, led by Zhou Enlai, Luo Yinong and Zhao Shiyan, held the third armed uprising to liberate Shanghai. In late February, Chiang Kai-shek's Middle Route Army marched eastward at the same time. Nanjing was captured on March 24, and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River were completely occupied by the Northern Expeditionary Army.

The Achievements of War and Abortion The Northern Expeditionary Army began in June 1926. With the support of the broad masses of workers and peasants, after nearly 10 months of fighting, they occupied all or part of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu and other provinces, wiped out the main force of Wu Hesun, and achieved great victory. At the same time that the Northern Expeditionary Army was striding forward, Feng Yuxiang and the national army collectively joined the Kuomintang and became the commander-in-chief of the national coalition. 165438+ 10, the national army occupied Gansu and Shaanxi provinces, and cooperated with the northern expeditionary army to March northward. Soon, he entered Henan to fight and effectively cooperated with the Southern Northern Expeditionary Army. However, the rapid development of the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution seriously threatened the interests of imperialism and the big landlords and big bourgeoisie, and the national bourgeoisie was shaken by the fear of the workers and peasants movement. In China, due to Chen Duxiu's right paralysis, he adopted a policy of compromise and concession to the Kuomintang Rightists, unable to stop the situation from reversing. The Chiang Kai-shek clique launched the April 12th coup in Shanghai on 1927, cleaning up the Party and opposing the Communist Party. /kloc-in April of 0/8, Nanjing established the National Government to confront the Wuhan National Government and imposed an economic blockade on Wuhan. In order to open up the situation, the Wuhan government decided to carry out the second Northern Expedition and occupied Zhengzhou and Kaifeng in late May. However, faced with diplomatic isolation and economic difficulties, anti-communist heroes Xia Douyin and Xu Kexiang rebelled one after another. /kloc-in June, 2009, Wang Jingwei went to Xuzhou to reach an agreement with Chiang Kai-shek to clean up the Party and fight against the Communist Party, and in July, 2005, Wang Jingwei implemented "Communist Party" in Wuhan. At this point, the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation finally broke down, and the Northern Expedition conducted by Kuomintang-Communist cooperation aborted.

The Northern Expedition was an unprecedented revolutionary war against imperialism and feudalism. Although he died halfway, the war dealt a heavy blow to the rule of the northern warlords and had a far-reaching impact. At the same time, the people of China realized the extreme importance of armed struggle, and began a new period of creating the Red Army of Workers and Peasants and carrying out the agrarian revolution. On April 5, 1928, Chiang Kai-shek took the oath of "Northern Expedition" in Xuzhou. On April 9, a general attack order was issued. Chiang Kai-shek's first army attacked Lujun led by Zhang Zongchang in Lunan and Jining, and successively captured Han Zhuang, Taierzhuang, Lincheng and tengxian. Feng Yuxiang's second army successively took Juye, Jining, Yanzhou and Ningyang, with the aim of annihilating Sun Zhijun, and basically solved the problem on the Jin-Pu line. On April 22nd, Jiang Feng and his two armies joined forces in Taian. /kloc-in may, the northern expedition troops entered Jinan. In order to stop Chiang Kai-shek's "Northern Expedition", Japan created the Jinan tragedy. Chiang Kai-shek compromised with Japan and ordered the Northern Expedition troops to withdraw from Jinan and detour to the north. While the first and second army groups marched, the third army group of Yan Xishan moved eastward to Shijiazhuang and Zhengding, westward to Suiyuan and northward to Yanmenguan, occupying Datong. The fourth army of Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi went north along Han Jing Road and occupied Baoding. At the beginning of June, the army groups approached the suburbs of Beijing. On June 3, he was forced to give up Zhang Jing and retreat to the customs. On June 8, the Northern Expedition troops entered Beijing. On June 2 1 day, Nanjing National Government explicitly changed Zhili to Hebei Province and changed Beijing to Beiping as a special city.