According to archaeological discoveries, 1. 1 ten thousand years ago, Inca ancestors crossed the Bering Strait from Eurasia and reached America. After that, it flourished for decades and produced its own civilization. 1 1 century, the Incas established the state power-Inca Empire in Cuzco, south of the Andes, and then began to expand abroad on a large scale, and finally reached its peak in the15th century. Its territory also includes Colombia, Argentina, Chile and other countries and regions today. By the16th century, with the Spanish colonists set foot on the American continent, the Inca Empire began to decline under the fierce collision between the "new world civilization" and the "old world civilization". ...
In the 400-year history of the Inca Empire, although they left a splendid culture, it's a pity that they didn't leave words. At present, archaeologists' understanding of the Inca Empire comes from archaeological discoveries and written records of other civilizations. There are many descendants of Incas in South America now. They said that the Inca Empire had a chip, a kind of knot used to record data. Although there were no words, archaeologists had never found the so-called chip before, so it was difficult to draw a conclusion.
In 1950s, Peruvian archaeologists discovered a site related to the imperial seal in the south of Lima, the archaeological site of Chawen. In the following decades, archaeologists conducted many investigations and excavations on the site, and cleared up a large area of house ruins and living relics. In addition, there is a sacrificial temple, and a large number of cultural relics such as wood, stone carvings and animal skins have been unearthed. However, what surprised archaeologists most was another unexpected discovery.
Archaeologists later excavated a warehouse site and cleaned up a lot of rubble and rotten grain. When an archaeologist was cleaning up rotten grain, he saw a mass of black stuff, so he picked it up and observed it carefully to make sure it was a broken textile. Then he carefully shook it down and laid it, and visually it was more than one meter long. It was still cut into pieces of different lengths, and some of them were knotted. Archaeologists are curious, what is this?
Later, after research, archaeologists determined that this textile was the legendary chip, the knot that recorded data in Inca civilization, but what information did it record? In order to find out the meaning of Chukip, archaeologists visited some tribes in South America, hoping to find someone who could interpret Chukip, but they were busy for several years and found nothing. Decades later, Professor Harry Wootton of Harvard University in the United States cracked the meaning of the chip. He said that the number of knots in a knot represents numbers, and a single knot represents 10 and 100. If it is tied to the left, it means "outbound" or "payment"; if it is tied to the right, it means "inbound" or "revenue", which is a basic "settlement".
By 20 16, Professor Harry Wootton had made a new discovery. One day, he consulted an ancient census book when Spain colonized America in the library, which contained the survey data of Incas in a village in Santa Valley, Peru, and mentioned that the Incas were still using chips at that time. In addition, it is mentioned in the book that the Spanish collected 132 tributes from the Incas, and the Incas had corresponding knots on their chips. Finally, after analysis, Professor Harry Oolong determined that these knots represent 65,438+032.
It can be seen that Professor Harry Wootton has further proved his point of view, so it has also been widely recognized by the academic community. However, Professor Harry Utton is not the only one who is interested in the Inca civilization of chips. 20 18 Sabine Hylander, a famous British historian, published her research results. She did not deny Professor Harry Wootton's point of view, but made a new discovery on this basis. As early as 20 15, Hylander visited a remote village in Lima and found that local residents still kept two intact chips, so Hylander found the collectors of these two chips through various contacts and took photos to study.
The collector of the chip told Hylander that the two chips were two letters, the general content of which was about the Spanish invasion, and the Incas had to unite to resist together. Hylander was very surprised, because she had been speculating that chips could express meaning instead of words, but she had never found strong evidence, so she made an in-depth study of the contents of these two chips. Although she couldn't fully explain them, she deciphered two terms, Yakapar and Ayewka, which happened to be two tribes of the Inca Empire. A few years later, Hylander confirmed that Chip was written by the Incas, and recording data was only one of the basic purposes. The most important thing is to understand the meaning of this knot.
Inca civilization is a great civilization on the American continent. I hope archaeologists can find more cultural relics and solve the mystery in the chip. Maybe it's like cuneiform in ancient Egypt or ancient script in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, China. As long as we can solve its meaning, we can have a deeper understanding of Inca civilization.