Lesson 8 and 9 of the first volume of eighth grade history Appreciation of Mind Map Lesson 8 of the first volume of eighth grade history Knowledge points Casting the Great Wall of Steel in the Republic.
First, national defense (? Two bombs and one satellite? Atomic bombs, missiles, artificial earth satellites)
1. Development of nuclear weapons
Reason: Why is China determined to develop nuclear weapons?
A: China is developing nuclear weapons to break the nuclear monopoly and oppose the nuclear threat. The ultimate goal is to eliminate nuclear weapons, safeguard the independence and security of the motherland and safeguard world peace. Our government has repeatedly stated that China will not be the first to use nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances, and will not spread or deploy nuclear weapons abroad.
Process: ① 1964 10, the atomic bomb exploded, and China people in Lop Nur, Xinjiang mastered nuclear technology themselves.
② 196 10, the missile nuclear weapon experiment successfully realized the combination of missile and atomic bomb.
③1June, 967, the fourth hydrogen bomb explosion experiment independently developed after the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain.
2、? Dongfanghong? Satellites travel in space.
Process: April 1970, China's first artificial satellite? Dongfanghong 1? Go into space smoothly
Significance: It indicates that the people of China have successfully mastered the space technology of artificial satellites. Since then, China has been among the advanced countries in the field of space technology.
3. Development of the People's Liberation Army: ① The PLA Navy was established in April 1949; ② 1949 1 1 China People's Liberation Army Air Force was established;
③ 1 July, 966, the ground-to-ground strategic missile force was established in July,1year.
Our country? Trinity killer. Strategic nuclear forces: ① ground-to-ground strategic missile forces; (2) Naval submarine strategic missile force; ③ Air Force strategic bomber unit
Significance: It marks that the modernization of the people's army has entered a new stage of development and embarked on the road of strengthening the country through science and technology.
4. Spirit of two bombs and one satellite: the spirit of loving the motherland, selfless dedication, self-reliance, hard struggle, great cooperation and courage to climb the peak.
The new junior high school is going to the world stage.
I return to the United Nations
1. Time: 197 1 10 February 2nd. Meeting: 26th United Nations General Assembly.
Second, the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States
1, process: ①1972 In February, US President Nixon visited China (the week of Nixon's visit to China was called? A week that changed the world? )
The two sides signed a Sino-US joint communique in Shanghai.
③197865438+February, China and the United States issued a communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations.
(4) In June 197965438+ 10 1, China and the United States formally established diplomatic relations.
2. Significance: ① The United States recognizes that there is only one China and Taiwan Province Province is a part of China. (2) It has had a significant impact on the international situation.
PS: At present, Sino-US relations are based on three communiques:
1972 sino-us joint communique 1978 sino-us diplomatic relations communique 1982 August 17 communique.
Third, the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan:
From 65438 to 0972, the Chinese and Japanese governments signed the Sino-Japanese Joint Statement to establish formal diplomatic relations.
PS: The great achievements of China's diplomacy and the increasing international status of China are mainly attributed to the improvement of China's comprehensive national strength.
Supplement: 1. What is this? What is a ball? Big ball? Small ball becomes big ball? What do you mean?
A:? Little ball? Of table tennis. Big ball? Refers to the earth; Meaning from? Ping pong diplomacy? At first, Sino-US relations gradually improved and entered the stage of normalization, and subtle changes took place in international relations and the world situation.
2. What does a week that changes the world mean? A: 1972 The week when President Nixon visited China.
3. What does a historic handshake mean? A: Premier Zhou Enlai shook hands with US President Nixon at the airport.