There are two different views on the division of the evolution stages of land transfer policy: one is based on the division after the founding of New China; The second is to take reform and opening up as the starting point. This is because, from the founding of New China to the reform and opening up, the land circulation only appeared briefly, and then disappeared, so it was ignored. However, under the historical view of historical institutionalism, the analysis of land transfer policy should be complete, so this paper takes the first view.

First, the "budding ban" period (1949- 1977)

After the founding of New China, in order to quickly consolidate the new people's political power and restore the precarious industrial and agricultural production, the Party and the government took the rural land reform as a breakthrough, took advantage of the situation, completely abolished the private ownership of feudal landlords' land, and established a new land ownership system, which greatly liberated the rural productive forces and laid a solid foundation for the industrialization development of New China. Article 30 of the Land Reform Law, which was implemented from 65438 to 0950, stipulates: "After the land reform is completed, the people's government will issue a certificate of land ownership, recognizing the right of land owners to freely operate, buy, sell and lease their land." This shows that in the early days of the founding of New China, the rural land management policy was relatively loose, and farmers could freely operate or voluntarily transfer their land, which can be regarded as the embryonic period of "land transfer". However, with the beginning of socialist transformation, agriculture embarked on the road of "mutual assistance and cooperation", and 1955 set off the climax of agricultural cooperation in the whole country. On this basis, the people's commune system appeared and evolved into a massive "people's commune movement", and "land circulation" began to be restricted.

Second, the "separation of the two powers" period (1978-20 13)

After the rural social productive forces have been bound for nearly 20 years, stimulated by the basic survival needs, a spontaneous reform to find a way out broke out in Xiaogang Village, Anhui Province, and then the "household contract responsibility system" with farmers as the main body was gradually established in rural areas to realize "land to households". In the early days of reform and opening up, under the system design of "household contract responsibility system", the ownership of agricultural land was separated from the contracted use right, and farmers with the right to use agricultural land carried out agricultural production on their contracted land, "producing and selling themselves" and "getting more for more work". Obviously, rural areas and farmers who are trying to solve the problem of food and clothing do not have the necessity and possibility to start farmland circulation at this time. In the middle and late 1980s, the state's land management policy began to loosen, gradually allowing farmers to subcontract their uncultivated land to other farmers. The purpose is to stimulate the vitality of rural production through further deepening reform and meet the demand for food and raw materials for rapid industrial growth.

Three. "separation of powers" period (after 20 14)

Facing the new situation in the new era, agriculture and rural areas put forward new requirements, the core of which is to promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side, agricultural scientific and technological innovation and large-scale modern management of agriculture, and improve the efficiency of land resource allocation and utilization, all of which must be based on the timely update and improvement of the "land system". At the same time, although China's agricultural production has made great progress, agricultural output has increased year by year, and the level of agricultural science and technology has improved year by year, it still faces many problems, especially how to maintain the competitiveness of China's agriculture in the world market, how to maintain the bargaining power of agricultural products under the impact of commodity markets, and how to maintain the quantity and quality of cultivated land under large-scale urban and rural construction. Therefore, there is a new space for comprehensively deepening the reform in the fields of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The main policy at the national level is to separate farmland ownership, contracting right and management right, and greatly improve the scale and level of farmland circulation management, so as to solve the problem of agricultural development, improve the level of agricultural development, and protect farmers' rights and interests in obtaining land benefits.