1, Nicholas Copernicus
Copernicus, Polish astronomer, founder of Heliocentrism. 1473 February 19 was born in Torun, eastern Poland. His father was a businessman and once a mayor, and his mother was the daughter of a wealthy businessman. 1530, Copernicus successfully completed the establishment of Heliocentrism. However, due to overwork, Copernicus' health deteriorated from 65438 to 0542, with frequent bleeding and strokes. 1543 On May 24th, Copernicus died at the age of 70. It is said that he closed his eyes and stroked the newly printed sample book "On the Operation of Celestial Bodies" with cold hands.
Copernicus's greatest achievement in science was the establishment of the Heliocentrism (Heliocentrism), which denied the geocentric statics (geocentric statics) that ruled the West 1000 years ago.
Heliocentrism founded by Copernicus, that is, the publication of the famous book The Operation of Celestial Bodies, was not only a great revolution in astronomy, but also promoted the rapid development of astronomical research, and caused a major innovation in human cosmology, which dealt a heavy blow to feudal theocracy. "Since then, natural science has been liberated from theology."
2.newton
Newton was a famous British physicist, mathematician and astronomer, and also the greatest master of science in17th century. 1643 65438+1October 4th (julian calendar1642 65438+February 25th) Newton was born in a farmer's family in Thorpe, urs, Lincolnshire, England. In his later years, he died of bladder stones, rheumatism and other diseases in London late at night on March 30th 1727, and was buried in West Abbey at the age of 84. In order to commemorate Newton, people specially named the unit of force after him, referred to as "cow".
Newton's lifelong contribution to science covered physics, mathematics and astronomy. The most important achievement of physics is the establishment of the basic system of classical mechanics, thus forming the first big synthesis in the history of physics. For optics, Newton devoted himself to the study of the color and properties of light and made great contributions. Newton summed up and developed the work of predecessors in mathematics, put forward the "flow number method", established binomial theorem and founded calculus. In astronomy, Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation, made a reflective telescope, and used it to preliminarily observe the laws of planetary motion.
17 telescope designed by Newton in the 1970s. Generally called reflective telescope, its effect is far better than the famous refractive telescope designed by Galileo.
Famous saying: "If I see farther than Descartes, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants."
3. Darwin
Darwin was born in February 1809 and died in April 19 at the age of 73. He is one of the greatest scientists in the19th century and the scientific founder of the theory of biological species evolution.
Darwin was an excellent student with a rich family since he was a child, but he seized the opportunity to board the British ship Beagle. In his five-year adventure, he showed the essence of his genius. After he came back, he sorted out the research results in Mile and published Evolution and Natural Selection at 1859.
The publication of the Origin of Species is a great event of world significance. Based on abundant facts, it demonstrates the scientific nature of biological evolution and puts forward a reasonable explanation for the mechanism of biological evolution. His theory of evolution was praised by Engels as one of the three great discoveries of natural science in the19th century, and its basic argument was: natural selection. The competition for things is the struggle for survival; Natural selection is natural selection. This tells us that creatures evolved through struggle for existence and natural selection, and so did humans, not created by God.
Darwin's main goal in life is to be meaningful. He loved science, persisted in practice, carefully observed facts, and constantly explored, and finally explained the truth of the origin of species and human beings to the world with a large number of facts. For the first time, a great revolution was completed in biology.
4. Thomas Alva Edison
Because of him, our era can end in bright lights, instead of just a few torches lighting up in the dark like thousands of years ago.
Edison was born in1February, 847 1 1, Milan, Ohio, in the midwest of the United States. He went to school at the age of eight, but after only three months of study, he was dismissed as an "imbecile" by the teacher and kicked out of school. Since then, his mother has been his "mentor". Because of his mother's good educational methods, he took a keen interest in reading.
1929 10 2 1 On the 50th anniversary of the invention of electric light, people held a grand celebration for Edison, and famous scientists such as Einstein and Madame Curie congratulated him. Unfortunately, at this celebration, Edison suddenly fainted because of excessive excitement when he gave a reply. Since then, his health has gone from bad to worse 193 1 year1October 18 The scientist who made great contributions to mankind died of illness at the age of 84.
Edison is a world-famous inventor. In addition to his inventions and contributions in phonograph, electric light, telephone, telegraph and film, he also has many famous creations and opinions in mining, architecture, chemical industry and other fields. Edison had about 2,000 inventions in his life, which made great contributions to the progress of human civilization.
Famous saying: "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration."
5. Marie Curie
Madame Curie's maiden name was Panait Mariana Skoro Dovskaya. She is a French-born Polish physicist and chemist. She studied radioactivity and found two radioactive elements, radium and polonium. She won the Nobel Prize twice in her life and is known as the "mother of radium".
She and her husband, pierre curie, were both early radioactive researchers. They discovered the Radioactive elements radium (ra) and Polonium (po) and won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. After that, Madame Curie continued to study the role of radium in chemistry and medicine, and won the 19 1 1 year Nobel Prize in chemistry for separating pure metal radium.
She was born on10.7 in Warsaw, the capital of Poland, under the rule of Russian czar invaders. Her father is a physics professor at Warsaw University, which made her interested in scientific experiments since she was a child. Later, she went to Paris to study and met Pierre Curie, a young French physicist. 1895, she married Pierre and gave birth to a daughter in 1897, the future Nobel Prize winner.
Marie Curie is an immortal name in the history of science. This great female scientist, with her diligence and talent, has made outstanding contributions in the fields of physics and chemistry, so she became the only famous scientist who won the Nobel Prize twice in two different disciplines.
6.[ Name] Albert Einstein (Jewish theoretical physicist)
Einstein was the greatest German-American natural scientist in the 20th century and the standard-bearer of the physics revolution. 1March, 879 14 was born in Ulm, Germany, a small business owner's family. In high school, he was keen to explore the mysteries of nature and often used his spare time to read a lot of books on natural science, which was very helpful for him to put forward the theory of relativity later.
From 65438 to 0905, Einstein made epoch-making contributions: photodynamic molecular theory has made outstanding contributions to solving the problem of whether atoms exist, which has been debated in scientific and philosophical circles for more than half a century; He founded the special theory of relativity and put forward it completely, which promoted the revolution of the whole physics theory; The equivalence of mass and energy reveals the equivalence of mass (m) and energy (e): E=mc2, which explains why radioactive elements (such as radium) can release a lot of energy. Mass-energy equivalence is the theoretical basis of nuclear physics and particle physics, and it also opens the way for the release and utilization of nuclear energy.
Einstein was not satisfied after the establishment of special relativity. Finally, he put forward the equivalence principle in 1907, and finally completed the general theory of relativity in 19 15.
Einstein also cared about society and politics with great enthusiasm. He has a clear sense of love and hate, a strong sense of right and wrong and a sense of social responsibility. He has always opposed the war of aggression, militarism and fascism, national oppression and racial discrimination, and waged an indomitable struggle for human progress and the cause of world peace.