After the collapse of the Western Jin Dynasty, a large number of Xianbei people went south one after another. The Tuoba Department of Xianbei once established a Daiguo during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. It was later destroyed by Fu Jian. Fu Jian quickly perished after the Battle of Feishui in the former Qin Dynasty, and the Tuoba Department of Xianbei also took the opportunity to restore, and Tuoba GUI established the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Northern Wei Dynasty was a very important dynasty in the history of China, which had a far-reaching influence on the later historical process. The contribution of the Sixteen Countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Northern Wei Dynasty was firstly to end the long-term turmoil. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, after the Yongjia Rebellion, Jinshi moved south, and the Central Plains fell into unprecedented chaos. After crossing the river in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, many separatist regimes appeared in the northern region, generally known as the Sixteen Countries. These regimes almost never stop killing each other. The Battle of Feishui in Fu Jian failed, the former Qin Dynasty fell, and the northern region disintegrated into nearly ten regimes. After the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty in 386, compared with other regimes, the politics of the Northern Wei Dynasty was relatively clear and the people's livelihood in China was relatively better than that in other regions. Coupled with the effective strategy of its monarch, after 50 years, in 439 AD, the Northern Wei Dynasty finally unified the north, and it was not until the demise of the Northern Wei Dynasty that the northern region was able to have peace for nearly a hundred years. This is undoubtedly the greatest contribution to the northern people living in dire straits. Secondly, in the economic field, the Northern Wei Dynasty implemented the system of land equalization and rent adjustment, which was a very important measure in the ancient economic history of China. I think when you were studying history in middle school, the history teacher once emphasized it. The land equalization system and the tenancy system in the Northern Wei Dynasty achieved great success, the economy in the northern region was restored, and the burden on the people under the tenancy system was relatively fair and reasonable. Later Northern Qi Dynasty, Northern Zhou Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dou continued the land equalization system established by Northern Wei Dynasty to a great extent. The confrontation between the Northern Wei Dynasty and Liu Song Dynasty, and more importantly, the Northern Wei Dynasty made an important contribution to the national integration of our multi-ethnic country. China has not been a nation-state since its birth. In ancient times, Yanhuang tribe, Dongyi tribe and Miaoman tribe were different nationalities. Later founders of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties also had different sources. Entering the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is a very important period of ethnic integration, which eventually contributed to the birth of the Han nationality. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is another critical period of ethnic integration in China's history. Around the 3rd century AD, the climate in northern China obviously experienced a cold process. Especially the grassland in the hardest hit area of this cold wave. In this context, a large number of ethnic minorities have moved south to the Central Plains. Among them, Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jiejie, Qiang and Di (in fact, there are some other nationalities) have great influence, which are collectively called "Five Lakes". After these people enter the Central Plains, they will definitely have conflicts with the original people in the Central Plains, and large-scale wars have never stopped. However, when they came to the Central Plains, with more and more contact with the people of the Central Plains, they finally accepted the farming production mode of the Central Plains, and then accepted the culture of the Central Plains to a large extent, and finally completely integrated with the people of the Central Plains. At the same time, a large number of people who went south to the Central Plains also merged with the aborigines in the south of the Yangtze River. For example, the title of * * * is worthy of attention. The northern minorities never went south once. The Xianbei people who came first have adapted to the farming and settled in the Central Plains. Later Xianbei people simply called the Xianbei people who came to the Central Plains early as * * *, and these Xianbei people who came to the Central Plains early also recognized their * * * identity. After the establishment of the Northern Wei Dynasty, it adopted an inclusive attitude towards the people of the Central Plains and other ethnic groups, and did not blindly adopt a policy of national oppression against other ethnic groups based on its Tuoba Department. Zhou Yiliang, a famous scholar, once said: "At the beginning of the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the policy of employing people was inclusive. ..... In addition to expanding the imperious imperial clan and Xianbei nobles as the backbone, we should also pay attention to absorbing and utilizing the Han landlord class and even figures of all ethnic groups in the conquered areas. The descendants of Shi Laochen, Yao Murong Laochen, Lian Juqu Laochen, and those who cast their votes from south to north are all included. ..... This kind of situation, and the rulers of the Southern Dynasties paid special attention to the surnames of overseas Chinese and rejected southerners, and then crossed the northerners, was regarded as desolate and exclusive, and all ethnic groups in the north were even more neglected. ... the northern dynasties finally destroyed the southern dynasties and unified the whole country, which should also be related. After Emperor Xiaowen ascended the throne in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Luoyang City took various measures to promote national integration. He first ordered to move the capital to Luoyang, pretending to be China orthodox. After coming to Luoyang, the system, etiquette, official clothes and so on of the imperial court were thoroughly reformed. He also ordered "breaking the northern language." Xianbei people under the age of 30 must speak Chinese instead. He encouraged intermarriage between different ethnic groups, starting from the royal family, and took the initiative to marry the big family in the Central Plains. He also changed all the surnames of Xianbei people in the Central Plains to Han surnames, such as Tuoba to Yuan. Later, Yuan Zhen, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, was a Tuoba, while others changed from Ba to Poetry, Qiu Muling to Mu, and Ge Douling to Dou. Once Emperor Xiaowen saw that some Xianbei people were still wearing the national costumes of the past, and Emperor Xiaowen was furious. To this end, Han specially sent a letter stressing that it must be changed. It should be said that after the establishment of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the measures taken by Emperor Xiaowen of Wei to promote national integration, especially the policies adopted by Emperor Xiaowen after he moved to Luoyang, not only affirmed the achievements of national integration in the past, but also further strengthened and consolidated it. It should be said that the later Sui and Tang Dynasties also benefited from the national integration policy of the Northern Wei Dynasty. For example, Dugu, the queen of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, was a Xianbei person. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, was three-quarters of the Hu people. His grandma, grandpa and grandma are all Xianbei people. Emperor Taizong's queen, eldest grandson, is also the queen of Xianbei. Emperor, Emperor, Buddha, Tafu, Sui and Tang Dynasties were able to achieve such great achievements because it was already a new national community formed after ethnic integration in a wider range.