According to historical data and investigation, in primitive society, there was a wooden bridge composed of a single wooden bridge and several logs in China. As early as the Warring States Period, single-span and multi-span wooden bridges and Liang Shi bridges have been widely built in the Yellow River basin and other areas. The Blue Bridge on the Lan Yu River in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, which was built more than 300 BC, is a representative of multi-span wooden beam column bridge. The Book of Songs Daya Daming describes for the first time that Zhou Wenwang got married and built a pontoon bridge for the emperor on the Weihe River. Nearly twenty pontoons have been built on the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. The first Yellow River pontoon bridge was built near Linjinguan in 54 BC/KLOC-0 BC. It was built by Qin Jinggong's mother and brother's stepson. He was afraid of being killed by Gong Jing and fled to the State of Jin by bus. The first pontoon bridge on the Yangtze River was built by Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty in 35 AD. The bridge site is on the river between Yichang and Yidu.

Suspension bridges originated in China, and slings developed from rattan ropes and bamboo ropes to chains. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, there was an iron chain suspension bridge, which was more than 800 years earlier than the West. Arch bridge was built in the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, with many forms and beautiful shapes, which are rare in the world.

Baqiao, Luoyang Bridge, Anping Bridge, Hudu Bridge, Shaoxing Bazi Bridge, Yinping Bridge and Chengyang Bridge are the representatives of wooden bridges and bridges. Xi 'an Baqiao Bridge was built in Han Dynasty, which is a wooden beam and stone pillar pier bridge. It uses four circular stone pillars to form a stone pillar (with a stone pillar in the middle) and six stone pillars to form a light pier. Wooden beams are added to the pier platform, and lime-soil slab bridge deck is laid. Is the pioneer of Shizhudun.

"The bridges in Fujian are the best in the world" is a true portrayal of the construction of a large number of Liang Shi bridges in central Fujian in the Song Dynasty (especially in the Southern Song Dynasty). During the Southern Song Dynasty 150 years, more than 70 bridges were built in Liang Shi, including four or five long bridges over five kilometers. Anping Bridge, known as "no bridge in the world", was built in Shaoxing, Song Dynasty from eight to twenty-one years (1138-1151), with a length of about 2.5 kilometers, so it is also called Wuli Bridge, which is the longest existing ancient bridge in China. Hudu Bridge (also known as Jiangdong Bridge), which was built in 1240, has a maximum beam length of 23.7m, a width of1.7m and a height of1.9m, and weighs more than 200 tons. Even today, it is very difficult to mine, transport and erect such a Liang Shi. 1979 in may, China authorities discovered the oldest existing Liang Shi bridge-Jinjiang County Bridge and Xiaoqiao Bridge, both of which were built during the Taiping and Xingguo periods of the Northern Song Dynasty (976-984). Shaoxing Bazi Bridge is a stone bridge in A Liang in Song Dynasty. Its layout is very clever, which not only ensures land and water transportation, but also does not demolish houses or change streets during construction. Chengyang Bridge is located in Linxi River, Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County, Guangxi. This is a four-span wooden beam bridge with stone piers and cantilever supports. Built in 19 16, it has a total length of 64.4m and four spans, with a clear span of12.2m, a width of 3.4m and a height of 16m. Above the five piers, there are pagoda-shaped, palace-style national pavilions, and the eaves of the pavilions are layered on top of each other, just like spreading your wings and flying, which is magnificent. The whole bridge building does not need an iron nail or other iron parts, but uses tenon-groove combination or bamboo nails, but the structural connection is very firm. The superb bridge-building technology of Chengyang Bridge fully demonstrates the outstanding wisdom and creativity of the Dong people in China.

Zhupu Bridge in guanxian, Sichuan is the representative of bamboo cable bridge. It is located at the mouth of Dujiangyan, spanning the bridges inside and outside Minjiang River. It is 340 meters long and has eight holes. The maximum span of a hole is 6 1 m. Its 24 5-inch thick bamboo cables are woven from thin bamboo strips. Stranded bamboo cables and wooden winches are placed in the stone chambers at both ends of the bridge and in the middle. This bridge was built before the Song Dynasty. The iron cable bridge of Dadu River in Luding County was completed in April 1706, with a clear span of 100 m and a clear width of 2.8 m.. The distance between bridge deck and low water level14.5m. 13 chain and 9 bottom ropes are used for bearing, and two on each side are used as handrail ropes. Each chain consists of 890 flat rings on average and weighs about one and a half tons. 1935 During the Long March of the Red Army, Luding Bridge was captured, creating a miracle that shocked the world. It has been exhibited in the International Bridge Exhibition for many times. According to the survey, in the mountainous areas of Sichuan and Yunnan, there is more than one iron chain bridge or iron eye pole bridge with a span not less than Luding Bridge. Because of the simple structure, saving materials and the construction experience handed down from generation to generation by local people, this bridge type has not been eliminated after liberation, but has been developed.

Zhao Zhouqiao, baodai bridge, Lugou Bridge, Qiao Feng Bridge, Daiyu Bridge and the 17-span bridge of the Summer Palace are outstanding representatives of arch bridges. Zhao Zhouqiao in Zhao County, Hebei Province is the first open-shouldered arch bridge in the world. After the completion of Zhao Zhouqiao, it took more than 700 years for Europe to adopt arch bridges.

After liberation, great achievements have been made in bridge construction. The successful completion of Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge 1968 indicates that the bridge construction in China has reached an advanced level.

(Selected from Travel World, No.3 1980)

2. Bridge Aesthetics (Christine)

Bridges are mainly used for traffic loads and crossing obstacles, which is its basic function, so bridges must first meet this requirement. If it is a dangerous bridge that is unbearable and crumbling, then there is nothing beautiful. Therefore, the modeling of bridge structure should reflect the strength, stability, continuity and span ability. , to show the guarantee of function. This naturally causes people's aesthetic feeling. Bridges used for different purposes, such as gardens, cities, highways, railway bridges, etc. , or the same use with different environmental conditions, its structure and the shapes of various ancillary facilities should accurately and clearly show that they meet the use requirements and can be appropriate. This is also a factor of beauty. As far as all bridges are concerned, traffic function and ornamental requirements are not equally important. They vary with the purpose and environment of bridge construction and are understood by people through modeling. For example, the highway bridge on the desert Yuan Ye and the garden bridge in the bustling city should be selected according to their own conditions.

Correct bridge aesthetics is the integration of function, technology, economy and aesthetics, and the function is consistent with aesthetics.

3. Top Ten Beauty of Bridges (Christine)

Many people have paid attention to the beauty of bridges for a long time and put forward many ideas and measures. There are many opinions and classifications about the morphological laws and aesthetic standards of bridge beauty revealed from some documents, which can be said to be different. Referring to these materials, combined with some principles commonly used in bridge engineering in China, the following ten beautiful bridges are drawn up in a simple and clear form, and examples of bridges are listed respectively for discussion. These ten are: 1. Environmental coordination; 2. Master-slave and symmetry; 3. rhythm; 4. Balance and stability; 5. unification; 6. Proportion and scale; 7. Continuity and light and shade collocation; 8. The force line is bright; 9. color; 10. Style. These laws can also be said to be the laws to achieve "coordination".

(The above two materials are selected from Bridge Aesthetics, People's Communications Publishing House, 1987).

4. Talk about the name of the bridge (Mao Yisheng)

Everything is famous, and some have proper names, just like people have names. Since it is a name, you must type it well. Influenced by the West, the modern bridges in China are always named from the geographical point of view. As long as you can point out its location and let people know at a glance, that's all. On railways and highways, mileage signs are even used as names, just like the "345,678 km bridge" on a certain road, which is really unshakable. However, the name of the ancient bridge in China is not like this. There is always some literary flavor that people can't help but feel and never forget. Or chronicle lyrical, causing deep thought and reverie; It's still poetic and refreshing. In this way, through careful inscription, the history, function or influence of a bridge will be immediately displayed, so it is easy to spread. The value of this bridge has also been raised. When a bridge is famous, its name will also increase. In addition to its proper name, there are common names, aliases and so on. Just like people's names, there are nicknames, fine print and so on besides scientific names. Some are gradually formed in folk nature, and some are scholars, so I want to write my own name. In a word, the achievement of bridge building should be named as a kind of ethos, which is also a feature of China ancient culture.

There are not many words in the title of the bridge, just like a person's name, usually two words, sometimes only one word. Only these two characters can show the characteristics of the bridge, which is the wonderful use of Chinese characters. This is because there are many allusions in China history and rich idioms in literature. The wealth of literature and history adds a lot to the name of this bridge. But there are many bridges, and the allusions and idioms about them also serve literature and history in turn. For example, the word "faithfulness" in Historical Records comes from the allusion of bridge, and the word "long bridge lies in waves" in Epanggong Fu comes from the idiom of bridge. If the name of the bridge is well written, it will contribute to literature and history. The name of the bridge is very important.

Now let's introduce some bridge names, so as to get a glimpse of the richness of Chinese bridge literature, which may be unparalleled in the world. Let's start with a single name. The famous ones are: "Blue Bridge", which is located on Lanxi in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province. "It is said that there is a fairy cave in the land, that is, Tang Peihang meets Yunying"; "Qiao Feng" is in Suzhou, and Tang Zhangji has a poem "Sleeping by the Maple Bridge"; "Broken Bridge" is in West Lake, Hangzhou. Hu wrote the poem "Wild Moss on a Broken Bridge" and Zhong wrote the word "Broken Snow on a Broken Bridge". But the bridge with a single name is often a generic name, but it may be a proper name. Some are named after materials, such as "stone bridge". Emperor Wen of Liang Jian has a poem "Stone Bridge": "Writing a rainbow makes people want to drink, and the stars are like real people"; "Iron Bridge", in the Ming Dynasty, Wu Zhaoyuan had the poem "Crossing the Iron Bridge": "The boat and raft are horizontal, and the gold rope opens eight roads"; "Bamboo Bridge", Du Fu has poems such as "Viewing and Building Bamboo Bridge". Some indicate the location of the bridge, such as "mountain bridge", and there is a poem by Emperor Liang Jianwen: "Lying on a stone vine as a rope, a mountain bridge tree as a beam"; "Jiangqiao", Tang Du Fu's poem: "The mountain county closes early, and the river bridge gathers in the spring"; "Wild Bridge", Liu Tang Changqing's poem: "Wild Bridge is cut off by rain, and streams divide fields". Some indicate the shape of the bridge, such as "square bridge", and Tang Hanyu's poem: "You have to ask the square bridge, and the square bridge does this"; "Oblique Bridge", written by Ouyang Xiu, a poet of the Song Dynasty: "The waves are bright and colorful, and the curved bamboo oblique bridge is well painted"; "Painting Bridge", Fan Song: "Painting Bridge hangs in the sun according to the contract, reflecting the sunset with a touch of red"; Zhu Qiao, a poem by Zheng Gushi in Tang Dynasty: "Zhu Qiao goes straight to Jinmen Road, and the pink jade is in the clouds"; There are "flyovers" in Baodezhou, Shanxi and Dali, Yunnan, and the "Xialian" in Dali crosses Liang Shi. Two rocks splash water, just like plum blossoms, which people call "not thanking the plum blossoms". Some are related to the scenery beside the bridge, such as "Huaqiao", which is found in Ningde County, Fujian Province, Changyang County, Hubei Province, Guilin, Guangxi and other places. Guilin is known as "Huaqiao misty rain". " Liuqiao, West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhou Bangyan's words in Song Dynasty: "A rising tide lifts a boat, a fish swats at Liuqiao" and so on. Some of them are special, such as the "grass bridge" outside Beijing's You 'anmen. Xiqiao is located in Dongping County, Shandong Province. "It is said that Mount Tai is sealed in the east, and the car is driving on the road, so it is paved"; "Guaqiao", Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province, "Zhong Sun, a world-famous legend, planted melons on this bridge"; "Duck Bridge" is in Shancheng, Shaanxi. "Golden Bridge" was taken from Shanxi, and Tang Panyan wrote "Golden Bridge Fu". There are even more grotesque things, such as the "hidden bridge". In Jianping county, Anhui province, "the old Taoist priest ran to Wu, hid in the deep mountains, and the people who chased him here were covered with clouds, and it was dark when he reached the bridge"; Ghost Bridge, Beginner's Notes, There is a Ghost Bridge on it; "Red Bridge", on the Jinshui River North Canal in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, "Song Taizong chisels Wolong Mountain, with rivers of blood, which is more famous today".

It is the most common and standard to use two words for bridge names. There are many bridges with single names and many bridges with duplicate names. Try to think that every bridge is famous. How many bridge names should our ancient big country have? However, among these thousands of single names and double names, there are not many repetitions. If all the bridge names are collected and compiled into a Catalogue of Bridges in China, it will be spectacular enough.

Now, let's give a few examples with the same name to illustrate the richness of bridge names. According to the content, a "bridge catalogue" can be divided into five chapters.

The first chapter is "praise". The first is to praise the function of the bridge, such as "Anji Bridge", that is, "Zhao Zhouqiao". On the South River in Zhao County, Hebei Province, a "Dashiqiao" is strangely made, "the trace of Li Chun, a craftsman of Sui Dynasty"; Wan 'an Bridge, or Luoyang Bridge, is used to cross the sea in Quanzhou, Fujian. "Easy to get on the boat and safe, people are not good. "Crossing the bridge" in Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province has become "the people in the north and south warmly celebrate the crossing of the bridge, and the name is ruined and the people are killed, and the peace is violent. "Anping Bridge was built in Jinjiang, Fujian Province in the 22nd year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty, with a total length of 2,070 meters. Its common name is "Wuli Bridge", which is an ancient legend that there is no bridge in the world. Secondly, people who build bridges are praised, such as the "Ji Ma Bridge", which was built by women handed down from generation to generation in Xiaogan County, Hubei Province. " Husband-wife Bridge, namely Zhusuo Bridge in guanxian, Sichuan, was built by He Xiande in Qing Dynasty, but his wife continued to build it. ""Gejing Bridge "was built by Ge Jing in Pingyue, Guizhou Province, during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. It took a lot of money to build it for three times, and it was known that it had run out of money. "

The second chapter is "Chronicle", which records the stories handed down from the bridge. For example, Wan Li Bridge is located outside the south gate of Chengdu, Sichuan. "Yesterday, Kong Ming hired Wu here, saying that his trip to Wan Li began here." There are Wan Li Bridge Poems in the Six Arms of Tang Dynasty, Wan Li Bridge Poems in a generous way, Du Fu's poems: "Wan Li Qiaoxifu, Baihuatan Beizhuang", and Tang Zhangji's poems: "There are many restaurants near Wan Li Bridge, and tourists like to stay"; Su Shi's poem in the Song Dynasty: "Looking for Wan Li Bridge, the leaves are rustling at dusk", and Lu You's poem in the Song Dynasty: "Carving an saddle to send a pair of Liugang, watching the silver candle on Wan Li Bridge". Maqiao, or Shengxian Bridge, is located in the north of Chengdu, Sichuan. Sima Xiangru of the Western Han Dynasty was unwilling to be poor and determined to be an official. "A gentleman will never cross the bridge without a carriage again." Tang Censhen wrote the poem "Dengxian Bridge": "He came back from the bridge in a carriage." Song Jingtang wrote the cloud "Ma Qiao Ji": "I will build a bridge to build a horse." Lanting Bridge is located in the restoration site of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province in Wang Youjun, Shaanxi Province. There are fine stones and shallow wrasse under the bridge, and the sound of water is endless day and night. "Washing Ear Bridge", a native of Ruzhou, Henan Province, is said that Yao, after listening to it, wanted to give the world to someone who thinks he is lofty and thinks he has polluted his ears. This bridge is located in "the place where Xu You washes his ears" and "Hudu Bridge", also known as Jiangdong Bridge. It is located in the first bridge in the south of the Yangtze River in Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province. In the past, I wanted to build a bridge, but a tiger's son crossed the river and stayed in the middle stream ... because it was a bridge. " Night Market Bridge is located in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, which is called Xiaoshi Bridge. According to legend, the night market was opened here during the reign of Yang Di.

The third chapter is "lyric", which expresses thoughts and feelings through the name of the bridge. For example, the "ecstasy bridge", that is, the "Baqiao Bridge", in Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, "the people of the Eastern Han Dynasty saw off guests at this bridge and folded willows to bid farewell" because "it is also called ecstasy bridge in other sentences of Jiang Yan." Wang Tangzhi's poem: "Willow is the east wind tree, and green is the royal river. I have been climbing hard recently, and it should be separated. " Ming Ge Yi Long wrote: "The flying flower bridge on the bridge is launched, and the heartbroken person is the bridge bearer." "Homesickness Bridge" is very rich in Hebei Province. "Song Huizong Beiyuan bridge, stay in Gu Si. Suddenly, I said, it's as safe for me to go to the desert as this water ... people call it "homesickness bridge" Xi Zhi Bridge is located in Guang 'an, Sichuan. "Ouyang Xiu entered Shu from Wu, and now Lu is in danger." Jianyang, Sichuan, the Tang poem "Bridge of Love" is in an orderly way: "An Yang saw off the bridge of love, asked him why, and said," Send him to the welcoming place. " "Ungrateful Bridge", in Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, "Selecting officials in junior high schools, entering Donghuamen. There is a bridge inside the door, called Huanggen Bridge ... It is said that the officials in China are rich and expensive, and they will hate and shame. "

The fourth chapter is "writing scenery", beautifying the bridge and the surrounding scenery. Such as "Hanging Hongqiao", in Wujiang, Jiangsu, the bridge is like a half moon and looks like a rainbow. Song Anshi's poem "Hanging Hongqiao" said: "It is quite boastful of Kyushu. Without this enemy, it is magnificent." "Spring Wave Bridge", in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, He said in his poem: "I have been away from my hometown for many years, and I have been half tired recently. Only in front of the lake, the spring breeze does not change the old waves. " Therefore, choose this famous bridge. Haitang Bridge is located in Huangzhou, Hubei Province. "Begonia by the bridge in Song Dynasty, Qin Guan tried to lie drunk, and wrote his column tomorrow." "Rouge Bridge", in Raozhou, Jiangxi Province, was named after ZSZSZSZ, the king of Poyang, lived a luxurious life. The palace maids washed rouge water and dyed the water under the bridge red. "Moon Bridge", in Qingzhou, Shandong Province, "quarrying is like a natural setting". "Green Ocean Bridge" is located in Qishui County, Hubei Province. "Because Dongpo was drunk on the bridge, there was a saying,' Unload the saddle and rest Qingyang Bridge', hence the name". According to the preface of Su Shi's poem Xijiang Moon, "Go swimming in the water on a spring night ... on a stream bridge, take off your saddle, bend your arms, lie drunk, rest less, feel awake ... write this sentence on the bridge railing", which is the bridge.

The fifth chapter "supernatural", connecting immortals and bridges, is mostly related to Taoism. For example, the "holy bridge" in Baishui, Shaanxi Province is said to have been built by three goddesses overnight. "Baihe Bridge" is located in Jurong, Jiangsu. "Sanmao brothers came here by crane, and there is a crane bridge. Da Maojun drives a crane to greet the fairy." "Jixian Bridge" is located in Anfu, Jiangxi Province. "It is said that people living nearby have heard that Yue Xian lingers on the bridge at night, but when they look at it, they only see the word Lv Dongbin on the bridge column." "Take the Fish Bridge", in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, "the piano is loud and the carp is immortal". Zhao Ying Bridge is located in Shishou, Hubei Province. It is said that there are immortals taking pictures here.

The above is a list of single-word and double-word bridges. Of course, there are three-character, four-character or even more bridge names, but they are rare. Among the three-character bridge names, there are 24 bridges located in Yangzhou, Jiangsu. Tang Du Mu's poem: "Twenty-four bridges on a moonlit night, where can jade people teach to play the flute?" Shen Kuo described the cloud as twenty-four bridges in the Northern Song Dynasty and listed its name, but according to Jiang Baishi's "Yangzhou Slow" in the Southern Song Dynasty, "Twenty-four bridges are still there, and Leng Yue is silent. Read the red medicine by the bridge and know who is born every year. " It's like a bridge. Later, Liang Zhangju of the Qing Dynasty even mentioned in "Wandering Series" that there was a list of the titles of "Twenty-four Bridges" on the bridge next to Meng Yusen's house, which shows that "Twenty-four" has become the proper name of a bridge. However, there are no other examples of this bridge with numbers as its proper names, but only in the order of numbers, such as Du Fu's poem "I don't know Nantang Road, but I know today's five bridges". There are more than four words, such as Old Huanhua Bridge, Yangliuhe Bridge, Deyang Wang Qiao (both in Chengdu), Xue Xinqian Bridge, Jianfu Wooden Bridge (all in Nanchang), and New Hotel Shiqiao (Wenjiang County, Sichuan Province), some of which are related to place names or names, while others are explained by single or double names, not others. So there are basically only two bridge names in China: single name and double name. If these two names are completely collected in the bridge directory, there will be few left.

However, not all ancient bridges in China have proper nouns. Some of them didn't have names at first, and then someone casually called them, and gradually they got names, such as bridge, small bridge, old bridge, long bridge, short bridge, south bridge and north bridge. These "common names" have become "corrected names" after a long time. For example, the small bridge in Fuzhou was named after the bridge near Wanshou Bridge, so it became a proper name. Some "bridges" are famous, but there are no such bridges. For example, "Chen Qiao" is actually "Chen Qiaoyi" and "Yellow Robe" in Kaifeng, Henan Province, and "Tang held a post in Shangyuan and set fire to Li Keyong", but more bridges are silently serving there, and their names have long been forgotten. It can be seen that both the bridge and the bridge name are fortunate and unfortunate, some are famous without bridges, and some are nameless without surnames. However, although unknown, it is not a "hero"!

(Selected from Guangming Daily 1962 on July 22nd, with changes)

5. Famous bridges around the world

London Bridge on the Thames, Rialto Bridge in Venice, Italy, Brooklyn Bridge in new york, England, Tower Bridge in London, Quebec Bridge in Canada, Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia, Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, Bosphorus Bridge in Turkey, Humbil Suspension Bridge in England and Rios Bridge in Lunabba, Spain.

First, the bridge knowledge

1? Beam bridge: beam type, also known as beam-column type, is a single-span and multi-span bridge. A bridge column or pier is erected in the water and a beam is placed on it.

Pontoon bridge: A bridge with a boat or other floating body as the middle foot.

Suspension bridge: a bridge built on the moat in ancient times. Now it is a general term for suspension bridge and cable-stayed bridge.

Arch bridge: a bridge with arch as the main load-bearing structure of the bridge body.

Overpass: a bridge built to ensure that traffic does not interfere with each other when lines (such as roads and railways) cross. Those crossing existing lines are also called overpass bridges, and those crossing underground are also called tunnels.

2? The artistic style of China ancient bridge is first manifested in the shape, such as the softness and changefulness of the curve; Secondly, the ancient bridge in China attaches great importance to the harmony with the environment, because the existence of the bridge increases the aesthetic feeling of the environment; Thirdly, the artistic style of the ancient bridge in China is also reflected in the attached buildings and stone carvings. Many ancient bridges have bridges, pavilions, pavilions, railings and archways.

Second, Qiao Hua.

1? Bridges and landscapes are beautiful, and bridges really complement each other in such a natural picture. Du Fu's poems, such as "willow trees are sparse on the city bridge, plum blossoms on the river road", and Bai Juyi's poems, such as "Sunny Hongqiao reflecting, autumn geese whispering", all describe the beautiful scenery composed of mountains, water and bridges.

2? Where there are mountains and water, there must be bridges, pavilions, bridges and flowing water, which set each other off and are indispensable. Ouyang Xiu's two poems, "Blooming bright and blue, Quzhu Bridge painting children's songs", are a portrayal of this.

3? Bridges and bridges are between water and Yamanoe. The more they fly over obstacles, the more diverse they fly over people, and the more they fly over people. They have always been excellent themes in literature and art, such as the famous Maple Bridge in Suzhou. In poetry, in addition to Zhang Ji's poem "Sleeping by the Maple Bridge", there is also Du Mu's "The grass in Changzhou is rustling, and the autumn rain crosses the Maple Bridge at dusk". In painting, the structure of "Hongqiao" in Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is very ingenious. In terms of drama, there are many "bridge plays" in Beijing Opera alone. The most famous ones are Changbanpo, Broken Bridge, Caoqiao Dream and so on. The story of "Queqiao" in myths and legends has a long history, and the story of Zhang riding a donkey backwards across the bridge is also known to all women and children.

4? The historical story of the bridge Qiantang River Bridge, built at 1937, is the first modern bridge designed and built by China people themselves. You may know it. But do you know that this bridge was opened to traffic on September 26th 1937, and it was blown up by us on February 23rd, and it didn't serve the Japanese invaders!

Third, all kinds of bridges in ancient and modern China and abroad

1? The oldest bridge in China.

The oldest existing open-shouldered stone arch bridge is Zhao Zhouqiao, Zhao County, Hebei Province. It was built from the 15th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty to the first year of Daye (595-605).

The earliest existing multi-arch stone bridge with span is baodai bridge, Suzhou, Jiangsu. Founded in the 11th year of Tang Yuanhe (8 16).

Suzhou baodai bridge

The earliest existing bridge crossing is the fish pond flying beam in Jinci, Shanxi Province, which was built in the first year of Chongning in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 102).

The earliest movable switch stone bridge is Guangzhou Chaozhou Guangji Bridge. It was built in the 10th year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty (1435).

The only Wu Ting Bridge is located in Slender West Lake in Yangzhou, Jiangsu.

Yangzhou Wu Ting Bridge

2? Overpass adds a modern flavor to the city. The earliest road overpasses built in Beijing include Baifu Bridge on Changping Road, Balizhuang Bridge on Landianchang Road and Chedaogou Bridge, all of which were built at 1966. 1974, Fuxingmen Bridge, the first overpass in the urban area, was completed.

Siyuan Bridge is located at the intersection of Capital Airport Expressway, Jingshun Road and Fourth Ring Road. It is a four-story fully interconnected large overpass with 26 large and small bridges with a total length of 2? 6 kilometers, it is the largest urban overpass in China. Yuting Bridge, located at the intersection of South Second Ring Road and Dongpu Road, is a three-story dragonfly overpass.

Beijing Yuting Bridge

3? The construction cost of subsea tunnel is high and it takes a long time, so people choose more cross-sea bridges. At present, there are more than 30 large-scale sea-crossing bridges in the world. Bahrain-Saudi Arabia sea-crossing bridge is located in the Persian Gulf, with a total length of 25 kilometers, which is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world today.

Xiamen cross-sea highway bridge

The Messina Bridge in Italy connects the mainland that looks like boots and Sicily that looks like football. The Bosphorus Strait Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey, although it spans only1.560m, is an intercontinental bridge across Europe and Asia.