58 1 Established the Sui Dynasty, unified China in 589, made Chang 'an its capital, and Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. In 6 18, the sui dynasty fell.

First, the main achievements of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty:

Reform the system, develop production, attach importance to bureaucracy, reduce taxes and corvees, store grain and cloth, advocate thrift, and begin to try out the imperial examination system.

Second, the opening of the Grand Canal.

Time: 605 years.

Scope: Luo Yang as the center, Zhuo Jun in the north and Yuhang in the south, with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers. It is the longest canal excavation foundation in the ancient world: using the existing economic strength and human and material resources, using the existing natural rivers and ancient canals. Impact: The artery that greatly promotes the north-south traffic in China. The opening of the Grand Canal is of great significance to the future economic development of China. Tributaries: Yongji Canal, Tongji Canal, Hangou and Jiangnan River (from north to south).

Objective: To strengthen the north-south traffic and consolidate the rule of Sui Dynasty over the whole country.

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The second lesson, "The Rule of Zhenguan"

In 6 18, the Tang Dynasty was established, with Li Yuan as Tang Gaozu and Chang 'an as the capital. The Tang Dynasty perished in 907.

First, the rule of Zhenguan (627-649)

Achievements: Not over-squeezing farmers, not paying exorbitant taxes, developing production, being diligent in political affairs, being good at listening to correct opinions, being honest and devoted to public affairs, refraining from extravagance and frugality, getting rid of the disadvantages of "fewer people and more officials", drawing lessons from the demise of the Sui Dynasty, appointing talents, and attaching importance to the cultivation and selection of talents (attaching importance to education and expanding the scale of Chinese studies).

Characters: Fang Mou Du Duan: Fang Lingxuan (strategy), Du Ruhui (good at judging major events); Wei Zhi's influence: political clarity, rapid economic development, and gradual strengthening of national strength, known in history as "the rule of Zhenguan"

Second, Wu Zetian

Develop production, select talents (cherish talents), set up palace examinations and military exercises.

Influence: "Political enlightenment opened the Yuan Dynasty and governed macro chastity"

Characters: Yao Chong, Song Jing

The third lesson, Kaiyuan Shi Sheng

Achievements: stabilizing the situation, making great efforts to control locusts, attaching importance to local bureaucrats, being diligent and frugal, implementing benevolent policies, not seeking border affairs (not going out to war), building water conservancy, developing agricultural technology, fighting drought and controlling locusts, and poetry and prose fu became the main examination contents of Jinshi.

Impact: political clarity, unprecedented economic prosperity, abundant warehouses and obvious increase in population. The Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, which was called "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" in history.