On the basis of grasping the basic characteristics and key contents of the above stages, it is necessary to divide the ancient history of China into economic, political, cultural, military, ethnic relations, foreign relations and other issues for horizontal induction and generalization, grasp the basic laws of historical development, and realize that the replacement of slave society by primitive society and feudal society is the inevitable result of the development of social productive forces at a certain stage, which is a major change based on the development of productive forces. 1. Research on the Ancient Economic History of China From a macro perspective, the history of ancient economic development in China can be summarized as such a development process: primitive economy → slave economy in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties → transitional economy in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period → feudal economy in the middle period from Qin to Qing Dynasty → budding capitalism. When studying the ancient economic history of China, we should pay attention to the following questions: (1) Understand the basic knowledge in the field of economic history. Such as two tax laws and one flogging law. (2) Thinking about some basic historical phenomena. Such as: Why did China's ancient economy achieve brilliant achievements? What can we learn from it? After the middle and late Ming Dynasty, why did it fall behind? What lessons can we learn from it? (3) Master some basic principles of history. For example, economic development determines political and cultural development, and at the same time it is influenced by the reaction of political and cultural development; The economic base determines the superstructure; Productivity determines relations of production and so on. (4) Pay attention to some basic theories of history. Such as: ① the dominant agricultural economy in China's ancient economic life. The developed farming economy makes handicrafts and commerce its subsidiary, and its development also depends on the influence of farming economy. ② In the collision between nomadic economy and farming economy, the farming economy, which represents advanced civilization, often shows the transformation and integration of nomadic economy. (3) Land system and tax system were the basis of ancient feudal society in China. Second, the study of China's ancient political history. The ancient political history of China has always revolved around the chaos of ups and downs, unity and division. Therefore, when studying the political phenomena and characteristics in China's ancient history, we should focus on the evolution of China's ancient regime, political system and measures. Strict regime includes not only slavery and the replacement of feudal dynasties, but also the regime established in the peasant resistance struggle. On the basis of understanding the evolution of China's ancient regime, mastering the political systems of major dynasties in ancient China history is the main guarantee to broaden the research scope and deepen historical understanding. Because the political system is the carrier and rule of politics, its core is the structural relationship of state power and its operation mode. Its establishment and change are determined by the specific conditions of class struggle, which is in line with the social nature of the country. The political system in the ancient history of China mainly includes feudal autocracy and centralization, official system and political reform measures in important historical periods. At the same time, we should pay attention to cultivating the ability to summarize and summarize relevant historical facts and sort out historical clues, and understand the basic viewpoints of dialectical materialism and historical materialism through the analysis of historical phenomena; Pay attention to cultivate the ability to compare historical events and historical phenomena, and have the ability to evaluate historical figures and events. Iii. Study on the History of China's Ancient Culture China's ancient culture is an important part of world culture and plays a decisive role in the history of world civilization. China's ancient culture has its own complete system, showing unique personality characteristics in the ideological field. We can sort out and summarize the general situation and achievements of China's ancient culture from the aspects of ideology, science and technology, education, history, literature and art. To study the cultural history of China, we must first make clear the stage characteristics of cultural development, and at the same time analyze and evaluate the culture in relation to politics and economy, thus forming a complete knowledge system. Secondly, we should explore some phenomena in China's ancient cultural history and find out some laws. For example, China's ancient culture has flourished many times, and it has always been in a leading position in the world. What is the reason? What are the commonalities of the reasons? During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's cultural development began to lag behind the world. What are the reasons for backwardness? What enlightenment can we get from the comparison between advanced and backward? Often exploring and thinking about this kind of problems can help us see the essence of history through phenomena, find the law and improve our understanding. Fourthly, the core of the study of China's ancient military history is military, and the characteristics, influence, nature and importance of war in history, because war is the continuation of politics and the highest form of political struggle. War came into being after the emergence of private property and classes, and it is the highest form of struggle to solve the contradictions between classes, nations, countries and political groups. According to its nature, ancient wars in China can be divided into: (1) wars between tribes aimed at plunder at the end of primitive society; (2) the war between slave owners and nobles for political power; (3) the war of slave owners for hegemony; (4) feudal rulers strive for reunification; (5) Anti-feudal peasant war; (6) the war of feudal rulers for power and profit (7) the war of feudal rulers to quell rebellion; (8) War movements against separatist forces; (9) War movements against national oppression and national plunder; (10) Fighting against foreign aggression; (1 1) War between political groups and other forms. Pay attention to the strict distinction between wars between ethnic groups in the history of China and wars of various ethnic groups in China against foreign aggression. The nature of the battle that took place in the ancient history of China as a concrete manifestation of war is consistent with the nature of the war to which the battle belongs. In addition, in order to strengthen the autocratic centralization of monarchy, feudal rulers in past dynasties must also have a series of measures involving the military field, including official system, institutions and several systems, which should also be summarized and sorted out when studying. V. Studying the history of ancient ethnic relations in China, the following aspects are mainly defined: (1) the relationship between Han nationality and ethnic minorities; (2) the relationship between ethnic minorities and ethnic minorities; (3) How minority regimes gradually come under the jurisdiction of the central government of the Chinese nation. Sixth, the history of China's ancient foreign relations Ancient China was a big country with developed economy and culture, which attracted people from all over the world; At the same time, China people who have the idea of "it's a pleasure to have friends from afar" are also happy to communicate with people from all over the world; In the ancient history of China, many dynasties attached importance to friendly exchanges with countries and regions around the world. The history of China's ancient foreign relations mainly includes three aspects: friendly exchanges, opposition to aggression and closed doors. China's friendly exchanges with other countries and regions in politics, economy and culture are the mainstream in the history of Sino-foreign relations.