Guan Zhong s Reform in Qi State;

Citizens make a living by profession.

Establish an organization that allows soldiers to participate in the people.

Tax all fields.

Set up departments to develop the economy and even set up official prostitutes. Exempt from export tax and encourage export.

In the communication between princes and princes, etiquette is valued, but their offerings and property are not valued.

Defeat the small countries Song, Chen, Cai and Wei.

Sending troops to help small countries resist foreign invasion saved the criminal country, rescued Wei = Yan, and invaded Chu in the east.

Respect the son of heaven and help the royal family many times.

Kwai Chung Alliance is a symbol of its hegemony.

In detail,

After Guan Zhong became the prime minister of Qi, he carried out a series of reforms to Qi according to the situation at that time. Administratively, the administrative divisions and institutions will be reorganized, and the capital will be divided into six industrial and commercial townships, 15 scholar townships and 21 townships. The tenth five-year scholar town is the main source of troops in Qi State. Qi Huangong is in charge of five townships, while Shangqing and Gaozi are in charge of five townships. Divide the national government into three departments and formulate a three-official system. Officials have three butchers. There are three industries, three townships for commerce, three dangers for Sichuan and Ze, and three balances for mountains and forests. Thirty suburbs are one city, and each city has one official. Ten cities are one pawn, and each pawn has a pawn teacher. Ten soldiers are a township, and each township has a township teacher. Three townships are one county, and each county has a county division. Ten counties belong to one genus, and each genus has a doctor. There are five genera and five doctors in China. At the beginning of each year, doctors of the five genera should report to Qi Huangong about their families and supervise their merits and demerits. So the whole country formed a unified whole. On the military side, Guan Zhong emphasized that the soldiers should be stationed in agriculture, and stipulated that the five countries in Beijing should have one track, and each track has its own length. Ten tracks make up a mile, and each mile has a department. Sili is a company, and each company has a company commander. Ten companies are a township, and each township has a township lover who is responsible for the military orders of the township. In wartime, an army was formed, with one person per household, five people on a track and five people as a team, led by the head of the track. Fifty people in a mile', fifty people are a small garrison, led by a company in a mile. A row of 200 people, 200 people as a single soldier, led by the company commander. There are two thousand people in a township, and two thousand people are a brigade, led by good people in the township. There are 10,000 people in five townships, with marshals, and 10,000 people are an army, led by marshals in five townships. Gao is a marshal. In this way, the Baojia system is closely integrated with military organizations, and the army is trained by hunting in spring and autumn every year, which improves the combat effectiveness of the army. At the same time, it also stipulates that the people of the whole country are not allowed to migrate at will. People live in one, fighting at night. As long as they hear the sound, they can tell whether they are friends or enemies. Fighting during the day, everyone can know each other just by looking at their faces. In order to solve the problem of military weapons, it is stipulated that armor and weapons can be used for atonement. If you commit a felony, you can atone with armor and chariot halberd. If you commit a misdemeanor, you can atone with the value and chariot halberd. For minor crimes, copper and iron can be used for atonement. This can supplement the shortage of military equipment. On the economic side, Guan Zhong put forward a land tax policy of "diminishing each other", that is, different taxes were levied according to the quality of land. This makes the tax burden more reasonable and improves the people's enthusiasm for production. It also advocates developing the economy, accumulating wealth and money, setting up "nine houses", observing the prime of life and the needs of the people, and collecting scattered food and goods. It also stipulated that the state minted coins, developed fisheries and salt industry, encouraged foreign trade, and Qi's economy began to prosper. As a result of Guan Zhong's reform, the prosperity of the people and social stability appeared in Qi State. Qi Huangong said to Guan Zhong, "Now that our country is rich and strong, can we form an alliance with the princes?" Guan Zhong remonstrated, saying, "There are many governors, so it is better to be together. Jingchu in the south and Qin Jin in the west. But they are arrogant and don't know how to respect Zhou Wang, so they can't seek hegemony. Although the Zhou royal family has declined, it is still the master of the world. Since moving eastward, the governors have not gone to worship, and I don't know your father. If you call for respect for the king and fight against foreigners, the princes in the sea will bow down. " Guan Zhong's "respecting the king and rejecting the foreign countries" means respecting the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty and recognizing the leader position of the Zhou Emperor. Unite with the vassal States to jointly resist the intrusion of Rong, Di and other tribes on the Central Plains. You must respect the king when you are abroad. Zun Wang became a banner of justice at that time. In the second year (684 BC), in order to revenge Gong Zijiu, he sent troops to attack Lu. At that time, Lu had just been defeated by Qi, and his vitality had not recovered. His troops were surrounded and the whole country was in a panic. It happened that Cao Gui of Lu came out to advise Duke Zhuang of Lu and defeated Qi in Changshou (now northeast of Laiwu, Shandong). After the victory of Lu, it invaded Song and Qi. In retaliation for Chang Shao's defeat, they colluded with Song State to attack Lu State. Because Duke Zhuang of Lu adopted the advice of the doctor's son Yan, he was defeated in (now southwest of Juye, Shandong Province). When Song Jun was defeated, the Qi army naturally retreated. The following year, in order to repay the shame of taking the mountain, the State of Song set out to attack Lu. Duke Zhuang of Lu sent his troops to resist and launched a storm before Song Bing stood still. As a result, the state of Song was defeated. Song Guolian. After the defeat, civil strife broke out in China. The doctor Nangong Changwan killed the newly established Zheng Mingong, and soon the Song nobles killed Nangong and his son. The civil strife in the Song Dynasty and the defeat of Lu greatly weakened their strength. Tan Guo (now Jinan East, Shandong Province) is a small country in the west of Qi State. Qi Huangong was already here when he went out. At that time, Tan was very rude to him. Qi Huangong succeeded to the throne, and Tan Guoji did not send envoys to congratulate him. According to the etiquette of the Spring and Autumn Period, it is natural to be condemned for being so rude as Tan Guoqi. Qi Huangong was very dissatisfied with this, so Guan Zhong suggested sending troops to find out. Tan Guo is very weak, how can he resist the attack of Qi Bing? The result was quickly wiped out by Qi. Qi did not try to destroy Tan, nor did it try to expand its territory. In the fifth year of Qi Huangong (before 68 1 year), at the suggestion of Guan Zhong, Qi joined forces with Song, Chen, Cai, Zheng and other countries in Beixing (now Liaocheng East, Shandong Province) to discuss the strategy of stabilizing Song. Sui Guo (now south of Feicheng, Shandong Province) was also invited, but did not participate. In order to improve the prestige of Qi, Guan Zhong sent troops to destroy Sui. Originally, Lu was stronger, but it was defeated by Qi one after another. Seeing that all vassal states obeyed Qi, Sui and Tan who did not obey Qi were eliminated, so they also surrendered to Qi. Soon, Qi made up with Lu and joined forces in Ke (now east, east, west and south of Shandong). This alliance is grand, and the venue is also grand. The high altar is built, flags are flying on both sides, and the military capacity is magnificent. Qi Huangong and Guan Zhong are sitting on the altar. In this alliance, the famous Cao Mo hijacked the alliance. According to the rules of the League, only lujun was allowed to go to the altar, and the rest of his entourage were waiting under the altar. When Duke Zhuang of Lu and he came to the meeting place to be pushed to the altar, the guests of the League told him not to go to the altar. Cao Mo, wearing armor and holding a dagger, followed by Lu Zhuanggong, who glared at the guest and almost cracked his eyes, so that the guest stepped back, and Lu Zhuanggong and Cao Mo entered the altar in turn. Duke Zhuang of Lu consulted with Qi Huangong and prepared to take blood as an alliance. At this moment, Cao Mo suddenly drew his sword, grabbed Qi Huangong's sleeve in his left hand and disguised himself as Qi Huangong with a dagger in his right hand. Qi Huangong around immediately dumbfounded. At this time, Guan Zhong was calm and brave. He quickly interposed between Qi Huangong and Cao Mo, protected Qi Huangong with his body, and then asked, "What does the general want?" Cao Mo righteously said: "Qi is strong, Lu is weak, and the great powers invaded Lu, which was cruel to others. Now the city of Lu is ruined, almost to Qi. Please think about what to do? " When Qi Huangong saw that the situation was not good, he immediately promised to return the land of Lu. After making a promise, Cao Mo took back his sword and came back, as calm as ever, laughing. At the end of the alliance, the monarch of Lu and his subjects successfully returned home. Qi Huangong and his subjects were very unhappy. Many people wanted to break the contract, and so did Qi Huangong. Guan Zhong didn't agree to break the contract, and advised Qi Huangong, "Breaking the contract won't do. If you covet a little profit and get a moment of pleasure, the consequence will be to violate your promise to the rulers and the world. Weighing the interests, it is better to keep the contract and return the land occupied by Lu. " Qi Huangong listened to Guan Zhong's opinion. Soon the Song Dynasty rebelled against Qi. The following year, Chen and Cao were invited to send troops to cut the Song Dynasty, and the Zhou royal family was invited to send troops to cut the Song Dynasty. The Zhou royal family sent minister Shan Bo to lead the army of the three countries to cut the Song Dynasty. As a result, Song gave in. At this time, Lu, Song, Chen, Cai and Wei all surrendered to Qi, Tan and Sui had already been eliminated, and only Zheng was still in civil strife. Guan Zhong therefore suggested that Qi Huangong should intervene in the civil strife of the State of Zheng, so as to improve the status of the State of Qi and accelerate the realization of hegemony. When Zheng returned to China, he killed Ziyi and his benefactor Fu Xian, which annoyed the doctor. After he acceded to the throne, in order to consolidate the throne, he would unite with Qi. Guan Zhong seized this opportunity and suggested uniting Song, Wei and Zheng, and invited the Zhou royal family to participate. Qi Huangong six years: (680 years ago) Juancheng, Shandong Province, joined the League. In the second year, Song, Chen, Wei, Zheng and others were called in their own names to join the Union again. The alliance was very successful and achieved a satisfactory result. Since then, Qi Huangong has become a recognized hegemon. In the winter of the tenth year (667 BC), seeing that Zheng had surrendered to the State of Qi, he summoned monarchs such as Lu, Song, Chen, Wei, Zheng, Xu, Sliding and Teng to have a tryst in the Song Dynasty. King Hui of Zhou also sent Zhao Bo to attend. This is an unprecedented event, and almost all the Central Plains countries have joined this alliance. At this meeting, Zhao Bo, the representative of the Zhou Emperor, awarded the title of Hou Bo to Qi Huangong in the name of the emperor. Since then, Qi Huangong has become a veritable overlord. In the 15th year of Jin Xiangong (662 BC), there was civil strife in Lu. After the death of Duke Zhuang of Lu, Duke Ming of Lu ascended the throne and was soon killed by the Qing government. Lu Xigong acceded to the throne, retired life suicide. In order to consolidate the throne, he joined hands with Qi in Luogu, and Lu has settled down since then. At this point, Qi Huangong's prestige spread all over the world, and his reputation spread far and wide. Further expanded and consolidated his hegemony. With the countries in the Central Plains gradually recognizing the status of Qi as the leader of the country, the border ethnic minorities Di people and Shan Rong people also gradually developed. They sent troops to invade many times, posing a serious threat to the countries in the Central Plains. In the 14th year of King Hui of Zhou Dynasty (664 BC), Shan Rong took the opportunity to lead an army to attack the Yan State in an attempt to prevent the reunification of the Yan State. Yan Zhuanggong couldn't resist the temptation and hurried to Qi Huangong. Qi Huangong didn't want to support Yan, but wanted to concentrate on dealing with Chu in the south. However, Guan Zhong believes that the Central Plains countries have Chu in the south, Shanrong in the north and Di in the west. Your main purpose is to conquer Chu. You must first attack Shanrong and stabilize the north before you can concentrate on conquering the south. Now that the Yan State has been found guilty, it turns to China for help and sends troops to take the lead in cutting down the barbarians, which will surely win the support of all countries. Deeply moved, he mobilized troops to save Yan. Dan Rong heard that Qi Shi's troops were coming, plundered a lot of property and left. The Qi and Yan armies joined forces, and they came out from the Jimen in the north to pursue them, killing the single melting ice and fleeing. Shan Rongshou wore a tie and defeated troops, and fled to the lonely bamboo country (now northwest Hebei). The Qi army gathered around the solitary bamboo country, and the solitary bamboo country sent people to surrender the Qi army, offering the head of the good and glorious leader, falsely claiming that the monarch of the solitary bamboo country abandoned the country and fled to the desert. Qi Huangong took surrender as the front line and pursued with a great army. The commander-in-chief of the solitary bamboo country lured the Qi army into the desert, but he escaped while others were unprepared. At this time, it was getting late. Looking around, I saw a flat sand, the wind was rolling and the chill was pressing. Before and after the Qi army, the team lost contact. Qi Huangong was at a loss, so he asked Guan Zhong for advice. Guan Zhong pondered for a moment, then let the accompanying soldiers beat gongs and drums, and let the teams gather and camp in one place until dawn. Who knows, although it is already dawn, the desert is extremely hot and there is no drinking water. It is difficult to tell the direction in the endless desert, and the soldiers of the whole army are extremely anxious. Seeing this, Guan Zhong quickly said to Qi Huangong, "I heard that an old horse knows the way, and Yanma is from the desert north. Maybe he is familiar with this place. Your majesty might as well let some old horses go and find another way out. " According to his words, Qi Huangong ordered people to take some old horses and let them go first, followed by the army. Sure enough, they were out of danger. When the monarch of the solitary bamboo kingdom saw that Qi Yan's army was lured into the desert, he dispatched troops to invade Wudi City, driving away the Yan soldiers guarding the city, and the people hiding in the valley followed him back to the city. Seeing this situation, Guan Zhong had a brainwave and had a plan. He ordered several soldiers to sneak into the city disguised as humans and lit a fire in the middle of the night. Then, he attacked the southeast and west gates of Wudi City in three ways, leaving only the north gate to let the enemy escape, and taught Wang Zicheng's father and Peng Ji to lead a group of military forces to ambush outside the north gate. That night, I suddenly saw four or five fires in the city. The Qi army wants to cut down the gates and expand the military forces into the city. Seeing that the situation was not good, the monarch of the solitary bamboo country led the people to flee and went straight to the north gate. Who knows that a group of people just rushed out of the north gate; Suddenly there was an ambush on the side of the road, which stopped the monarch, the minister of solitary bamboo country and other people. The two armies fought, and the monarch of the solitary bamboo country died in chaos. Qi Huangong wiped out Ganoderma lucidum and solitary bamboo, and reclaimed 500 miles of land, all of which were lost to Yan Zhuanggong. Governors are not afraid of the strength of Qi, but feel the virtue of Qi. When saving Yan, Lu also said that he would send troops to support him, but in fact, Lu did not move. Qi Huangong was very angry and wanted to send troops to punish Lu. Guan Zhong did not agree with this. He persuaded: "Lu is a close neighbor of Qi, and we can't send troops because of a trivial matter, which will have a bad influence. For the sake of Qi's reputation, we can take the initiative to improve relations between the two countries. This time, I won some trophies that were not available in the Central Plains. It is better to give it to Lu and display it in the temple. " Qi Huangong listened to feel very reasonable, agreed to this opinion. This caused a great shock to Lu, and other countries also responded well. At that time, Di people in the northwest also attacked the Central Plains, first attacking Xing State (now Xingtai, Hebei Province), and their arrogance was arrogant. As the overlord of Qi Huangong, we certainly can't ignore it. Guan Zhong is also very concerned about this problem. He said to Qi Huangong, "Rong Di is very cruel and insatiable. In summer, all countries are relatives and care about each other. If a country is in trouble, everyone should lend a helping hand, and we can't ignore it. Satisfying the happiness of the status quo is very dangerous, and sending troops to save Xing is the best policy. " Qi Huangong appreciated Guan Zhong's idea and sent troops to save Guo Xing, who was soon saved. Soon Tijen sent troops to defend the country, and Wei Yigong was killed and the country perished. Tijen chased wei ren to the Yellow River. Song sent troops to rescue 730 people from Wei. Plus * * *, Teng two city residents a * * * five thousand people. Duke Dai of Wei proclaimed himself emperor in (present-day hua county, Henan). Weiguo, which has just recovered its vitality, is in a very difficult situation. Qi Huangong and Guan Zhong sent a son to defend the country with 500 chariots and 3,000 soldiers. He also brought riding clothes to Wei Jun, riding and brocade to Mrs. Wei Jun, and more than 300 cows, sheep, pigs, dogs and chickens. And helped build this palace. Before Xing Guo recovered, Tijen came to rob for the second time. In the eighteenth year of Jin Xiangong (659 BC), Xing was attacked, and the situation was very serious. Therefore, Guan Zhong immediately joined hands with Song and Cao to save Xing. When the armies of Qi, Song and Cao arrived, Xing people fled to their relatives' homes, and Tijen was beaten back. Guo Xing was looted by Tijen again. So Guan Zhong, Song and Cao helped Xing move the capital to Iraq (now southwest of Liaocheng), which is closer and safer to Qi. Let chaotic xing zhou stabilize. Both Xing and Wei were plundered by Di people, and under the auspices of He and Guan Zhong, they were able to restore the country. At that time, people all said with appreciation: Xing people moved into the new capital, as if they had returned to their hometown; After the restoration of the country, people were happy and forgot the grief of national subjugation. Chu has always been a powerful country in the south. Since the attack on Zheng in the eleventh year (666 BC), it has been preparing to go north. In the eighteenth year (659 BC), Chu sent troops to attack Zheng. Qi Huangong made an appointment with Guan Zhong to save Zheng Kangchu. As the State of Chu kept attacking Zheng, Guan Zhong joined forces with eight countries including Lu, Song, Chen, Wei, Zheng, Xu and Cao to go south. First of all, Cai was wiped out in one fell swoop, pointing directly at Chu. Under the pressure of the army, Chu sent envoys to negotiate. After seeing this, Qu asked, "You live in Beihai, I live in Beihai, separated by a lake, and we don't interfere with each other. Why did you come to us this time? " Guanzhong beside Qi Huangong. Hearing this, he replied, "Once upon a time, Kang Gong was summoned by the King of Zhou and told our ancestor Tai Gong that if you were in the fifth class, you could conquer all of them if you didn't obey the law. East to the sea, west to the river, south to Muling, and north to Wuli are all within your scope of conquest. Now you don't pay tribute to Zhou Wang to filter wine, which is a flagrant violation of the royal ceremony. And Wang Zhaonan, who hasn't come back yet. This matter has nothing to do with you. We are here to blame you now. " Qu Wan replied, "It's really our fault that we haven't paid tribute to Baomao for many years. As for Wang Zhaonan's refusal to return, it happened in Hanshui. You have to go to Hanshui to inquire. " Qi Huangong saw that Chu's attitude was neither soft nor hard, so he ordered an army to be stationed in Hong (now south of Yancheng, Henan). It has been half a year since spring and summer, and the north and south armies have been by each other's side. Chu sent to negotiate with Guan Zhong. Qi Huangong Guan Zhong has no intention of fighting for a long time, but only wants to show his hegemony and scare Chu through this military action. So they quickly agreed to end the negotiations with Qu and reached an agreement to withdraw their troops to Zhaoling (now Yan County, Henan Province). In order to show off his strength, Qi Huangong asked Qu Wan to come to the army and watch it with him. Qi Huangong pointed to the army and said to Qu Wan, "What kind of enemy can resist and command such an army to attack ideal city fortress, and what kind of city fortress can't be captured?" Answer in a low voice after bending over; "The monarch, if you use virtue to appease the world governors, who dare to disobey? If we only rely on force, then we Chu can regard Fangcheng Mountain as a city and the Hanshui River as a pool. The city is so high and the pool is so deep, and no matter how many soldiers there are, I am afraid it will not help. " The answer is tactful and powerful. Under the circumstances, Qi Huangong agreed to form an alliance with Chu. In this way, the military confrontation between the north and the south ended gracefully. In 65 1 year BC, King Hui of Zhou died. Together with the vassal States, Zheng was made the son of heaven, that is, King Xiang of Zhou. After King Xiang of Zhou acceded to the throne, he was given a rank, a bow and arrow and a road in recognition of his achievements. Qi Huangong convened a meeting of governors in Caiqiu (now Lankao and Minquan County, Henan Province) and held a gift-giving ceremony. At the ceremony, Zaikong asked King Xiang of Zhou to give orders, because Qi Huangong was old and respected, so he didn't have to bow down to accept gifts. Qi Huangong wanted to listen to the king's orders, and Guan Zhong suggested: "Although the king of Zhou was modest, the courtiers should not be disrespectful." Qi Huangong replied: "Tianwei does not violate Yan Zhichi. Xiao Bai dares to covet your life and abolish his official position? " Say that finish, I saw Qi Huangong hurried down the stairs, kowtowed again, and then went to the hall to accept the honor. When all the princes saw this scene, they were all surprised by Qi Jun's politeness. Qi Huangong reaffirmed the good alliance and concluded a new alliance. This is the famous "Cai Qiu Alliance" in history. This is the pinnacle of Qi Huangong's hegemony. At this point, after nearly 30 years of painstaking efforts, with the assistance of Guan Zhong, Qi Huangong presided over three armed alliances and six peace alliances; He also assisted the royal family once. It is said in history that "the nine princes rule the world together", and Qi Huangong became the recognized overlord. Although Guan Zhong made immortal contributions to Qi Huangong's hegemony, he was modest and prudent. In the fifth year of King Xiang of Zhou (647 BC), King Xiang's younger brother Dai Shu colluded with the Rong people to attack the capital, and the royal family was in civil strife, which was very dangerous. Qi Huangong sent Guan Zhong to help Wang Xiang quell civil strife. Guan Zhong did a good job and was praised by Zhou Wang. In order to show respect for the overlord's men, King Xiang of Zhou prepared to give a banquet for Guan Zhong with Shangqing etiquette, but Guan Zhong did not accept it. Finally, he accepted the courtesy of Bian Qing. In the seventh year of King Xiang of Zhou (645 BC), Guan Zhong, who devoted himself to the creation of Qi Huangong, was seriously ill. Qi Huangong went to visit him and asked him who could accept the position. Guan Zhong said, "A monarch should know his subordinates best." Qi Huangong wanted to be Bao, and Guan Zhong said sincerely, "Bao is a gentleman, but he knows good and evil too well. He saw an evil man and will never forget him all his life. It is impossible to become a politician. " Qi Huangong asked, "Where is Yiya?" Guan Zhong said: "In order to meet the requirements of the monarch, Yiya cooked her own son to please the monarch. This is inhuman and inappropriate. " Qi Huangong asked again, "How about the prescription?" Guan Zhong replied: "Wei Gongzi gave up the opportunity to be a prince for a thousand times and bowed to the monarch in 15. After his father died, he didn't go back to mourn. How can a person who is so heartless and has no father-son friendship be truly loyal to the monarch? Besides, a thousand times the fief is what people dream of. He gave up thousands of fiefs and bowed to the monarch. He must want too much in his heart. The monarch should alienate such people, let alone make them friends. " Qi Huangong asked again: "Yiya and Fang Kai can't do it, so how about integrity?" He would rather hurt himself to serve me. Will such a person still cheat on me? Guan Zhong shook his head and said, "It's against human feelings not to cherish your body. How can such a person be truly loyal to you? "? Please stay away from these three people and trust them, and the country will be in chaos. Guan Zhong said, "Seeing Qi Huangong's face showing reluctance, he recommended a friend, Peng Ji, who was honest, unashamed and obsessed with his career at home, saying that Peng Ji could help the monarch manage the affairs of the country. Unfortunately, Qi Huangong didn't listen to Guan Zhong. Yi Ya heard about the conversation with Guan Zhong and went to Bao, saying that Guan Zhong wouldn't let him appoint Bao. Bao smiled and said, "Guan Zhong's recommendation shows that he is serving the country for the public and is not partial to others. Now I am a shepherd, driving away the courtiers, which is exactly what I want. If I were in power, where would you be? "Yi Ya was bored and knew the secret of Guan Zhong's making friends and knowing people, so she left despondently. Guan Zhong died of illness soon. Qi Huangong didn't listen to Guan Zhong's advice before he died, but used Yi Ya and others, which led to a great tragedy. Two years later, Qi Huangong was seriously ill. Yiya and Vertical Carving saw that they were dying, so they began to block the palace gate, falsely claiming that they would kill you and forbid anyone to enter. Two ladies-in-waiting went over the wall to visit Qi Huangong unprepared; Duke Huan is hungry and wants food. Maid-in-waiting told Qi Huangong that Yiya's disorder and vertical movement blocked the gate of the palace and could not provide food. Huan Gong sighed at the sky and said regretfully, "The deceased is like a husband. How can I go to see Guan Zhong? "Then he covered his face with his sleeve and starved to death. After the death of Huan Gong, there was chaos in the palace, and Qi Huangong's sons colluded with their confidants to compete for the throne, killing each other, resulting in Qi Huangong's body lying in bed for 60 or 70 days, rotting and maggots, which was terrible. In March of the following year, Song Xianggong led the vassal soldiers to send Prince Zhao back to China. Qi people killed the son of the insurrection and made Prince Zhao king, that is, Hong Xiao of Qi. After this civil strife, the hegemony of Qi began to decline. The hegemony of the Central Plains gradually shifted to the State of Jin. Guan Zhong's life not only established outstanding achievements in history, but also left a masterpiece named after him-Guan Zi. His thoughts on governing the country are all recorded in the book, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Guan Zhong is a thinker who advocates the rule of law. The people of the whole country should abide by the law, and rewards and punishments, merits and demerits should be dealt with according to law. He believes that the quality of national governance lies in whether the country can rule by law. Guan Zhong attaches great importance to economic development. He believes that "the granary knows etiquette, food and clothing know honor and disgrace. "that is, the stability and instability of the country, the people's law-abiding and non-law-abiding are closely related to economic development. There are many valuable places in Guan Zhong's thought. For example, he advocated respecting public opinion, saying that "conforming to the people's will is fundamental" and "the prosperity of politics lies in conforming to the people's will; Abolishing government is against the people's hearts. "Guan Zhong's thought has a great influence on later generations. Of course, Guan Zhong was a historical figure in the Spring and Autumn Period, so he also had historical limitations. For example, it increased the burden on the people by establishing hegemony for Qi Huangong, and mainly represented the interests of the ruling class in the reform. Nevertheless, Guan Zhong is still a great politician and thinker, who has made great contributions in history. Confucius praised Guan Zhong and said, "Guan Zhong helped Qi Huangong become the overlord of the vassal and conquered the world. Without Guan Zhong, we would all have long hair, open our skirts and become ordinary people under barbarian rule. "This statement has some truth.