However, in the history of imperial examinations, those who can be admitted to the top spot are undoubtedly elites at that time. However, being the first and famous person is not synonymous. It is often difficult for the elites in the examination room to become great celebrities that later generations talk about. Even in many cases, people who lost their names in Sun Shan are easier to remember than those who lost their names in to beno. 1, but in some cases, there are many real celebrities in to beno. 1, who are not only famous at that time, but also spread through the ages and are called "Who's Who".
As we all know, imperial examination refers to a system in which feudal dynasties selected officials through examinations. It is called imperial examination because it adopts the method of selecting scholars by subjects. The imperial examination is intended to select talents. It originated in the Han Dynasty, was founded in the Sui Dynasty, was established in the Tang Dynasty, completed in the Song Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and was abolished in the Guangxu period of the late Qing Dynasty. If it was officially abolished from the first year of the great cause of Sui Dynasty (605) to the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), it would last 1300 years.
It can be said that the existence of the imperial examination system had a far-reaching impact on the political and literary circles in the history of China. "Second Comment on Poetry" refers to Jia Dao's going to Chang 'an to take the imperial examination. By the Ming Dynasty, the imperial examination had formed a complete system, which was divided into four levels: academy examination (that is, juvenile examination), rural examination, general examination and court examination. The content of the examination is basically Confucian classics, with the sentence of "Four Books" as the topic, and the article format is eight-part essay, and the interpretation must be based on Zhu's "Four Books Notes".
In 1057, Song Renzong Jiayou was in the second year, and this year's imperial examination was the first time in the history of imperial examination in China. This year, a seemingly ordinary year, eight literary masters and nine prime ministers were born in one exam.
This year, Fan Zhongyan has been dead for five years. Since then, the word "Zheng Wen" has become the highest honor after the death of civil servants for thousands of years.
This year, the father and son of Meishan, Sichuan, went to Beijing to take the exam at the same time.
This year, two disciples of Zhou Dunyi also came to the capital of song dynasty.
This year, Wang Anshi was a small official somewhere.
Song Renzong
In the second year of Jiayu (1057), Su Shi, who was only 2 1 year old, and his younger brother Su Zhe were scholars of the same school, which won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the leader of the literary world, and he wrote The Theory of Rewarding Loyalty with Punishment. Later, in the imperial examination, Su Shi won the appreciation of Song Renzong, the supreme ruler at that time, with his outstanding performance. There is also an allusion to Su Shi's imperial examination. It is said that when Su Shi took part in the imperial examination, Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, appreciated a paper very much, deliberately set it as the first, but thought it belonged to his student Ceng Gong. To avoid suspicion, he put it behind him. Later, I learned that this paper was not Ceng Gong's, but Su Shi's.
Everyone has heard of this allusion. In fact, this statement is inconsistent with the facts and is made up by future generations for granted. The fact is, Su Shi didn't even get into the top three, but only got into the second division of Jinshi, and his ranking was not good either. According to historical records, Ouyang Xiude's On Punishment and Loyalty was a pleasant surprise, and he wanted to be crowned as a scholar. He hesitated about what his guest Ceng Gong did, but he still came second. Does this passage mean that Su Shi got the second place in the exam? No, because the history book goes on to say: Su Shi "takes Spring and Autumn as the righteousness first, and gets the second place in the palace exam".
Ceng Gong
In fact, in addition to Su Shi and Ceng Gong, there are many later literary masters engaged in this subject, such as Su Shi's younger brother Su Zhe and Ceng Gong's younger brother Ceng Bu. If we expand the scope a little, the examiner of this subject is Ouyang Xiu, followed by Su Xun, the father of the Su brothers. Boy, five of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties were all put together in one test, but Wang Anshi was unsociable. The best writers in the Song Dynasty are all here.
In addition to these great writers, there are two famous thinkers in this discipline, one is Cheng Hao and the other is Zhang Zai. Cheng Hao is one of the famous "two processes". He studied under Zhou Dunyi, and the Neo-Confucianism initiated by him and Zhu's theory were also called Neo-Confucianism, which directly influenced China people's thoughts for nearly a thousand years. Zhang Zai, the uncle of Cheng Er, is also one of the founders of Neo-Confucianism. His temples, together with those of Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao, are called "Wuzi Temple in Northern Song Dynasty", which has far-reaching influence.
Ouyang Xiu
For this exam, first, there is a luxurious examiner lineup. The examiner is Ouyang Xiu, a bachelor of Hanlin, needless to say, a literary leader in the Northern Song Dynasty and one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. The assistant examiners are Wang Jue, Mei Zhi, Han Jiang and Fan Zhen, all of whom are famous literary figures in the Tang Dynasty. The remaining examiners and staff are also cabinet officials; Second, this list is full of talented people, focusing on the representatives of Zongshen and Zhezong dynasties in various fields, with leading figures in politics, economy, literature and classics. At present, there are nine prime ministers, several writers, and many people who are both civil and military. There were 24 people in the history of the Song Dynasty, and the main representatives of Wang Anshi's political reform were among them.
Representatives of the Prime Minister are,, and Lin. Lv Huiqing, the second person in Wang Anshi's political reform, helped Wang Anshi to carry out many new policies, and was also an excellent doer. Zhang Dun official to the prime minister, not only himself in dimethyl, his nephew Zhang Heng unexpectedly or undergraduate scholar. Wang Shao was a famous soldier in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was a secretary. In the second year of Jiayu's tribute, there were many scholars who were admitted, including many people who influenced the historical process of China.
Su Shi
Maybe you will be curious, who are the top three in this subject? Unfortunately, you may not know much about them: Zhang Heng, the top scholar, Dou Bian, the top scholar, and Luo Kai, the flower explorer.
Zhang Heng, the top scholar, and Su Shi commented on him: "No one can match him in a hundred years." Song Huizong Evonne's evaluation of him is: "Ned is gentle and pure, with a solemn appearance. He is a poet from Hanyuan and a national Liang Dong." The second place, Dou Bian, is even more honest and clean. There is too little information on flower exploration to verify!