Read the original text of Sima Guang's Smashing the Cylinder;
Sima Guang, whose real name is Shi Jun, is from Xia County, Shaanxi Province. Born at the age of seven, Guangran (1) became an adult, heard Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, and loved it so much that he retired for his family's success, that is, he lost his big finger (2). Naturally, I can't put down my books. I don't know if I'm hungry or thirsty. A group of children were playing in court, and one went to pick up the urn and fell into the water. Everyone abandoned it. Just take a stone and smash the urn, the water will burst and the child will live. Later, I drew a picture between Beijing and Los Angeles.
Renzong Baoyu was a scholar in the early Yuan Dynasty. When you were just four years old, you didn't like luxury. When you heard the wedding banquet, you didn't wear flowers alone. The same sentence says, "You can't break it." This is a hairpin. (Selected from History of Song Dynasty)
Attention: ① Majestic and steady appearance. (2) refers to the same "purport", the main meaning. (3) Beijing and Luoyang refer to Kaifeng and Luoyang in the Northern Song Dynasty. (4) just crown refers to just turned twenty years old. ⑤ luxury. ⑥ Hearing the wedding banquet, the imperial court hosted a banquet to entertain the new Jinshi and people from all subjects. ⑦ The same column here refers to those who entered Jinshi in the same year.
Translation of Smashing the Cylinder by Sima Guang:
Sima Guang, a native of Xia County, Shaanxi Province. My father's name is Sima Chi, and he was appointed as the official name of the Song Dynasty. When Sima Guang was 7 years old, he was like an adult (the ancient adult refers to the weak crown, not the present 18 years old). He especially likes to listen to Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, and come back to tell his family after understanding its main idea. From then on, I couldn't put it down for Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, even forgetting hunger and cold. A group of children are playing in the yard. A child stood on a vat and fell into the vat and was flooded. All the other children have run away. Sima guang broke the jar with a stone, and the water flowed out, so that the children could live.
Reading topic of "Sima Guang Smashing the Cylinder":
16, explain the following. (2 points)
(1) for family retirement; (2) playing with children in court.
Please write the meaning of the following sentences in modern Chinese. (2 points)
Naturally, I can't put down my books, and I don't know if I'm hungry or thirsty.
18. What kind of person is Sima Guang? Please summarize it briefly. (3 points)
Read Sima Guang's answer to smashing the jar;
16, (2 points) (1) return (go home) (2) Yu zai
17, (2 points) Since then, he has never put down his book, to the point where he doesn't know hunger, thirst, cold and heat!
18, (3 points) smart and studious; Wit and courage; Don't like luxury (low-key, cold or simple).
About Sima Guang:
Sima Guang (1019165438+1October 17-1086), whose real name is Junshi, was born in Suishui, Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now Xia County, Shanxi Province). Politicians, historians and writers in the Northern Song Dynasty. After the four dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Zongshen and Zhezong, he was given Wen's and Wen Guogong's courtesy. Work hard and diligently. Boasting that "day is not enough, night is second", his personality is a model under Confucian education and has always been admired by people.
When Song Renzong was studying, he entered Longtuge with a bachelor's degree. When Song Shenzong was in office, he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform. There were many people inside and outside the imperial court who opposed it, and Sima Guang was one of them. After Wang Anshi's political reform, Sima Guang left the imperial court for fifteen years, and presided over the compilation of Zi Tongzhi Jian, the first chronological general history in China history. He wrote many works in his life, mainly historical masterpieces, such as Zi Jian, Guo Wensi's Official Document of Mars, Ji Gu Lu, Su Shui and Xu Qian.
Peeling walnuts
When Sima Guang was five or six years old, he once took a green walnut and asked his sister to help him peel it. Her sister didn't peel it for a long time, so she left angrily.
After a while, the maid came over, knowing that Sima Guang wanted to eat walnuts, she scooped up a bowl of boiling water and put the green walnuts in the water. Walnuts peel easily when soaked in boiling water. Sima Guang's sister came out of the back room and saw him eating walnuts. She asked who peeled the walnuts. Sima Guang said, "Of course I peeled it. I have an idea. I soaked it in boiling water and the skin fell off. "
Just then, Sima Guang's father came into the room and reprimanded him severely: "You child, how can you lie!" " "It turns out that the scene where the maid peeled walnuts for Sima Guang happened to be clearly seen by the father outside the window.
Sima Guang knew he was wrong and bowed his head at once. From then on, he kept in mind his father's teachings, lived honestly and never lied again.
This laid the foundation for him to become an important minister of the country in the future.
Respect your brother.
Sima Guang' s younger brother, Sima Dan, was very old when he was about eighty years old, but he never entrusted servants to take care of his younger brother, but took care of himself. Serve your brother like a father. Especially the elderly are weak and have indigestion, so they need to eat less and eat more meals. So whenever soon after dinner, Sima Guang always greets his brother kindly: "Are you hungry? Would you like something else? " Pay attention almost all the time, just like taking care of a baby.
When the weather turns slightly cold, Sima Guang often caresses his brother's back and asks with concern, "Is the clothes too thin?" Will it be cold? "How warm and touching it is to be with my brother every day!
The proverb says, "When we meet each other late and grow old together, when can we be brothers?" Sima Guang took the sincere friendship between brothers to the extreme and passed it down as a beautiful talk between ancient and modern times.
Through Sima Guang's four short stories, we can get a glimpse of his impeccable morality, knowledge and self-restraint, which is due to his filial piety, friendship and loyalty. All this is because Sima Guang received a good family education from an early age and developed the nature of "habit becomes nature, and less becomes nature".
Sima Kang, the son of Sima Guang, also inherited his father's ambition. He has been diligent and studious since childhood. He is not only knowledgeable and familiar with the history of Confucian classics, but also participated in the compilation of his father's Zi Tong Zhi Jian with rigorous academic attitude and profound historical knowledge. Serving parents is also extremely filial. I was very sad when my mother died. I haven't dropped water for three days and nights. My filial piety is sincere. Sima Guang's model of human relations is a monument admired by later generations.