In the late Qing Dynasty, after the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao fled to Japan. Tan Sitong's "bent on killing thieves, unable to return to heaven". He firmly believes that "without walkers, there is no future;" No dead, no reward for the Lord, calmly died, leaving a famous sentence "I laugh at the sky from the horizontal knife, leaving courage." "
Su Wu, Ji Ping and Tan Sitong could endure all kinds of torture until they gave their lives for loyalty. In doing so, they were largely influenced by feudal orthodoxy, and their "righteousness" of sacrificing their lives for righteousness can only be loyalty.
The story of Su Wu herding sheep is well known to all women and children. After Su Wu was imprisoned in Xiongnu, Xiongnu nobles first lured him with fame and fortune, and then threatened him with torture. Su Wu, however, never turned back and remained indomitable. The Xiongnu nobles had nothing to do, so they "moved to the North Sea of Wubei". Su Wu "dug wild rats and pulled weeds to eat". In such a difficult environment, he still relies on the shackles of the Han Dynasty.
Wen Tianxiang (1236- 1283) was born in Luling (now Ji 'an) in the Southern Song Dynasty.
At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the court was partial to the south of the Yangtze River and the country was weak. 127 1 year, the Mongols in the north ended the internal fratricidal situation of competing for the throne and established the Yuan Dynasty. Then the aggression was directed at the Southern Song Dynasty. 1273 The Prime Minister took Xiang and Fan's 200,000 troops down the river as a breakthrough. Less than two years later, they came. Rivers of blood, abandoned farmland and withered industry are an unprecedented brutal war of aggression. The Southern Song Dynasty faced a serious threat of national subjugation and extinction, and Wen Tianxiang was a great national hero in this situation.
The court of the Southern Song Dynasty was controlled by capitulationists for a long time. 1259, the Prime Minister Jia Sidao secretly bowed his knees and made peace on the condition that he would become a vassal and cut 202,000 silver silks north of the Yangtze River. However, Bo Yan intended to destroy the Song Dynasty and did not stop invading the south. 1275, Jia Sidao's130,000 army was wiped out, and the court was no longer available. At this time, Song Gongdi was still in office, only four years old. Call on all parts of the world to send troops quickly and diligently. Wen Tianxiang was the magistrate of Ganzhou at that time. He "cried with the letter" and took immediate action. In two or three months, he organized the first "be diligent" team of nearly ten thousand people. After many twists and turns, he arrived in Lin 'an. Among thousands of local officials, he and Zhang Shijie are the only ones leading the troops. We can see how decadent this regime is. That night, he escaped. Xie Wei sent only one Wen Tianxiang. He faced the crisis resolutely, but he didn't surrender. He considered that "fighting, defending, and moving are not as good as giving" and "at this point in state affairs, you can't love yourself." He even took this opportunity to observe the actual situation of the enemy camp in order to "save the world." But he didn't expect that when he accused Bo Yan of being detained and unable to return to Song Ying, his militia.
1February 9, 276, Wen Tianxiang was escorted to Dadu (now Beijing) and Jingkou (now Zhenjiang). With the help of the righteous, he escaped from the gate of hell. According to his book "Postscript to the Southern Guide", he survived at least 16 times, and after suffering, he fled to Wenzhou on April 8. At this time, he heard that Du Zong's two sons (. In July, Wen Tianxiang raised a handsome flag in Nanjian Prefecture (now Nanping, Fujian Province), calling on heroes from all directions to take their positions and recover lost ground. In March of 5438+0277, Wen Tianxiang marched into Jiangxi, recovered dozens of counties in the south and besieged Ganzhou, Hunan and Hubei, all of which responded and shook the south of the Yangtze River. The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty were very alarmed. Busy Yuan transferred 400,000 troops to solve the siege of Ganzhou, and sent 50,000 troops to attack Wen Tianxiang. There are only more than 5000 people in the Ministry of Education. In August this year, the empty pit was defeated and several people were sacrificed. Wen's wife and children were captured. Zhao Shichang pretended to be Wen Tianxiang in an emergency, which attracted the Yuan Army, and Cai Wen had to flee. This is what Wen Tianxiang has suffered for more than a year.
However, Wen Tianxiang did not lose heart. He made up his mind to fight Yuan to the end. 1278 1.65438 October, packed up the remains, expanded and moved to Chaoyang, Guangdong. Unfortunately,/kloc-0 was defeated by Wupoling on February 20th, and Wen Tianxiang could not escape from the encirclement. In order to die, he swallowed borneol immediately, but he didn't die.
After Wen Tianxiang was captured, he made up his mind that he only wanted to die without hesitation and didn't want to live a poor life. He is indomitable in the face of power and wealth. When he was detained by Bo Yan in Beiying, he clearly told his opponent: "The champion of the Song Dynasty ... owed his life to serve the country, but Song survived, and Song died, with a saw before him and a tripod behind him. What are you afraid of? " "1279 October, Yuan Pingzhang's Ama came to Wen Tianxiang prison to surrender, Wen Tianxiang longbow sat down and ignored him, but Ama asked him to kneel down. Wen Tianxiang said, "Why did the Prime Minister of the Southern Dynasty kneel when he saw the Prime Minister of the Northern Dynasty? Ahmed pretended to be the winner and said proudly, "Why are you here?" "Wen Tianxiang sarcastically said, if in earlier with me, you can't go to the south, I won't come to you. What are you proud of? Amar said to the left and right in a threatening tone: "This man's life or death is still up to me." Wen Tianxiang just said, "If you want to kill a dead person, it's not up to you. Amar interrupted himself and left in frustration. At the end of the same year, Prime Minister Yuan. Tian Xiang today ... As for this, it is very lucky to implement it early. " On the eve of the execution, Emperor Kublai Khan surrendered himself, taking the position of Prime Minister as bait, in an attempt to make Wen Tianxiang surrender, but Wen Tianxiang severely refused. Kublai Khan had to ask him, what do you want? Wen Tianxiang replied: "I would like to die!" Wen Tianxiang's great spirit of dying for his country left the enemy helpless. This is actually tantamount to declaring the victory of the anti-aggression war, the victory of justice, and the victory of "righteousness" that I praised. It is also tantamount to declaring the failure of the aggressors and all traitors who surrendered.
At the critical juncture of national peril, Wen Tianxiang always takes the national interest as the highest interest, and has never been soft on capitulationists and traitors. In 2025, the Yuan army crossed the river and surrounded Ezhou. Dong, the emperor's favorite, encouraged the Song emperor to move the capital, while Wen Tianxiang bravely went to the court to beg Dong. In 2027, the imperial court pursued the surrender of the Yuan Army. The atmosphere of surrender permeated the capital for a period of time, and Wen Tianxiang wrote to beg for the official seal of Lu Shimeng to stabilize the morale of the army. After Wen Tianxiang was captured, Liu and his gang all had to bite the bullet and surrender, and all the articles were reviled. Even Song Gongdi, who had defected to the enemy, was not taken seriously when he surrendered. Wen Tianxiang clearly put forward that "the country is important, and the monarch is light". He is not loyal to the emperor, but only unconditionally loyal to the country and the nation.
1283 65438+1On October 9th, Wen Tianxiang died heroically at the gate of Dachai. After his death, he left many poems, such as "Who has never died in life since ancient times, leaving a heart to take a look at history" in Crossing the Dingding Ocean; Song Zhengqi, written in prison, and Dai Yi Zhao, found in his clothes after his death (Confucius said "to be benevolent" and Mencius said "to be essential", but the righteousness is exhausted, so what did you learn from reading the books of sages? Today, Wen Tianxiang has become an immortal national hero, because he has become a swan song that shines on the sun, the moon and the majestic mountains and rivers, and has become a valuable part of the national spiritual wealth.