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The Original Text and Appreciation of Sheng Min's The Book of Songs
The Book of Songs

Jue gave birth to the people and became Wei Jiangyuan. What about strangers? Sacrifice is a blessing, and there are no children. The emperor believed and knew. It carries the earthquake, fertility and education, as well as Hou Ji.

Today is my birthday, my husband. There is no right or wrong, it doesn't hurt. God is restless? Not ashamed? Have a baby!

The alley where the baby was born is written by Phillips, a cow and sheep. The flat forest planted at birth was cut down. Newborn ice is covered with birds. The bird left, but Hou Ji spoke loudly. The truth is true, and the voice carries the word.

Raw is crawling, which is very awkward. Eat with your mouth, and art will flourish. It's embarrassing. It's embarrassing. Mamai CuO CuO, Gua CuO CuO.

Hou Ji's birthday, there is a way. The grass is abundant, the yellow grass is planted, the square bud is solid, the beauty is solid, the fruit is good and the chestnut is solid. There is a family.

A good kind of birth surrender: Weiwei, Weiwei. What remains unchanged is the harvest of three points per mu, the harvest of three points per mu, and the loss of responsibility, so as to return to Zhao Si.

How about celebrating my birthday? Or beat or beat, or raise or something. Interpretation of Babalj, Floating and Floating. Carry the meter, only carry it, take Xiao's sacrifice fat and lick the donkey. Bring burnt offerings and strong sacrifices to promote the age of the heirs. It is more abundant in beans than in beans. Its fragrance begins, and God lives in Xin. Hu stinks! House, ordinary innocence and regret, that's it.

This is one of the Zhou tribes' epics in The Book of Songs, with peculiar conception and strong mythological color.

Legend has it that the ancestors of Zhou tribe abandoned the children of the two clans, Huangdi. According to ancient history experts' research, specifically, the abandoned father is Di Ku (Gao Xin's), the great grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and the mother is Jiang Yuan, the daughter of a clan of Yan Di tribe. Zhi, Yao and Qi are all abandoned half-brothers. Shun is a descendant of Zhuan Xu. They are contemporaries. According to legend, agriculture was invented after abandoning it, and the Zhou tribe was established with Wugong County along Qushui River and Qishui River in Shaanxi as the seat of the Tai family, and was appointed as an agricultural teacher by Yao, the leader of the tribal alliance, and as "Hou Ji" by Shun, an official in charge of agricultural production. Later, when the population of this tribe increased, his great-grandson Gong Liu led this tribe to the north of Shuijing River (now Binxian County, Shaanxi Province) to establish a new home. Twelve Sun Gu Qigong Mansions (Wang Tai), unable to stand the harassment of northern scholars, led his troops to migrate to the southwest, arrived at the foot of Qishan (now Qishan County, Shaanxi Province) on the banks of Weishui River, and built a rich agricultural area in Joo Won?, which was rare in the world at that time, and finally completed the transition from primitive society to slave society and laid the "Wang Ye". After several generations' efforts, the ancient father's son, grandson and great grandson constantly struggled with the Shang Dynasty in the east, and finally overthrew the tyranny and established the Zhou Dynasty. Zhou tribe is one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation.

Sheng Min, Gong Liu, Mian, Daming, Yi Di, Wen Wang, The Book of Songs, The Book of Songs, etc., are all heroic epics of Zhou people's self-narration of their entrepreneurial process. They described the hardships experienced by the Zhou tribe in the long years and their hard struggle with nature and other tribes. They are of the same nature as Homer's epics Iliad and Odyssey in ancient Greece, and may have been written about 200 years earlier. Unfortunately, at that time, no one in China was engaged in consistent accumulation and arrangement like Homer, so the epic of Zhou tribe became sporadic and lacked huge scale. But as far as the authors of articles such as Natural Beauty are concerned, their artistic talent is no less than Homer's. These works are the cultural treasures of the Chinese nation.

The story of the person born: 1. Jiang Yuan gave birth to Hou Ji; 2. Hou Ji was abandoned and grew up naturally; 3. Hou Ji is engaged in agricultural labor and directs the Ministry to sow and harvest; 4. Sacrificial ceremony in Hou Ji. The first part includes three sections. The first section writes the magical story of Jiang Yuan's conception. The poet said that it was Jiang Yuan's mother who gave birth to our Zhou people. How did she give birth to our Zhou people? Because she can sincerely sacrifice to the gods to eliminate the fate of childlessness, she finally stepped on the thumb print of God's footsteps and her body trembled with surprise. Later, with the help of people around, the tremor stopped. So she became pregnant, paid more attention to the seriousness of private life, and finally gave birth to a child and raised it. This is Little Hou Ji. In ancient times, people knew nothing about the origin and inheritance of human beings and could only be given mythical fantasies. The second section is about the magical legend of Jiang Yuan's childbirth. That month, Jiang Yuan's first child slipped to the ground like a lamb, and it was born very smoothly, but the child's placenta was not broken or cracked, which was very strange. Mother has no pain, no disaster, no harm, showing that strange spirit. Jiang Yuan was very angry: Is it because God is restless? Or did he not laugh at my sacrifice? Let me raise a meatball! It seems that our ancestors also lacked scientific knowledge about fertility. The third section describes the miracle that Hou Ji was abandoned many times and never died. It is conceivable that as soon as this monster was born, people in the clan would comment: what kind of caress from God is obviously a freak; Too unlucky. Could it be Uber? It is a disaster to stay in the clan, so it is necessary to throw away the medicine ... The poet said that Gangwon's mother had no choice but to leave it in a narrow alley and try her best to avoid all the passing cattle and sheep and caress them. Jiang Yuan threw it into the forest on the flat ground again. Unfortunately, people live to cut wood, so people will blame the abandoned baby. I threw it on the ice without mercy, and a flock of birds flew in, spread their wings and covered the mat. Ah, the weather is getting warmer. The meatball cracked like an eggshell, and there was a chubby Hong Haier inside. Hou Ji croaked as soon as the bird left. I cried so sadly that my voice was long and loud, and the road was like thunder. When the clan heard the news, Jiang Yuan's mother was distressed and put her darling in her arms, calling it "abandonment". Tears rolled down her eyes and said, "I shouldn't be a mother!" " Here, the ancestors not only praised Hou Ji as an extraordinary hero, but also praised his noble maternal love. The beauty of this passage is that it delicately depicts the inner contradictions and struggles, pain and joy of Jiang Yuan's mother, vividly shows the solemn maternal love and is touching!

In the second part, the fourth section, the author said that Hou Ji, a little guy, was crawling around and suddenly stood up straight with his feet up, didn't want to eat milk, and clamored for food by himself. Plant soybeans and grow strong and thick; How beautiful the rows of seedlings are, and the ministers are tall and strong; Big melons and small melons also grow strong. In this part, Hou Ji likes to grow all kinds of plants and cultivate many crops since he was a child. He is an outstanding agricultural genius. But we know that the emergence of excellent varieties is the crystallization of hard work and wisdom of several generations of workers, and it is by no means a masterpiece of one person. Therefore, Hou Ji is not so much a cultivator of various crops as the embodiment of our ancestors. Myth is the deification of nature and workers themselves, the praise of ancestors' pride in their own labor, and the crystallization of their desire for a better life. Academics generally believe that myth is pure fantasy and fiction, while legend is the shadow of some historical facts. Hou Ji, a historical figure, may have existed concretely, and he may have made great contributions to the primitive agricultural production of the motherland. The author deifies him, which shows that this image has the dual nature of myth and legend.

The third part includes two sections. The fifth section describes that when Hou Ji grew up, he took the lead in agricultural production and led many people to establish families in Taijian. The author says that Hou Ji has a good way to observe the soil and grow crops according to local conditions. Pull up those long weeds and sow golden grains. When the seeds germinate and leave, the grass bends in clumps, gradually grows tall, grows well, heads early, the poles are strong, the ears are full and heavy, and the waist is bent. He was named Hou by Yao Shun and built his home in Youtai. Here, the knowledge of soil science, improved variety science, crop cultivation science, machine protection science and so on has been accumulated, which reflects the later period of primitive commune. With the development of productive forces, private ownership sprouted and countries began to appear. The sixth section describes the cultivation of new varieties of grains in Hou Ji, encouraging many people to plant them in large quantities and further developing prosperous agriculture. The author said that there are excellent varieties in Hou Ji, including black millet, double-cropping rice, red sorghum and white sorghum ... There are black millet and double-cropping rice all over the ground, and the yield is counted according to the field when harvesting; The ground is covered with red sorghum and white sorghum. When harvesting, they are picked up and taken back ... when the autumn harvest is over, they will come back and start offering sacrifices. Regarding the sacrifice at that time, Wang Yinglin said in the Book of Songs: "Hou Ji began to accept the country as the Lord of sacrifice, so it was called Zhao Sacrifice." Yan charm's Collection of Poems also said: "Hou Ji was named Tai, and the ancestral temple was also first presented." According to the ancient system, the founding of the People's Republic of China can worship the Temple of Heaven and Earth, which shows that Jiang Yuan and Hou Ji are both artistic images with a long time span, which may be from the end of matriarchal society to the completion of Zhou tribe's "sealing off the country", which fully shows that Zhou tribe has a long history, prosperous material production and brilliant ancient culture.

The fourth part includes two sections. Focus on describing Hou Ji's ritual of offering sacrifices to the gods. The seventh section is about offering sacrifices to God and praying for a bumper harvest in the coming year. In primitive times, people were limited to the scientific level, thinking that there was a superhuman God in charge of everything, and they both feared and worshipped it. The author said, how to sacrifice? Some rice is mashed, some rice is scooped out, some rice is bumped, some rice is carefully rubbed, the sound of rice washing is ringing, and the steam of steamed rice is rising. Give advice, discuss together, take Artemisia annua and butter, mix them with millet and sorghum, and burn them together. Then go outside the temple to sacrifice to the road god, kill a ram, burn it and roast it with fire, and pray for a bumper harvest next year. Section 8 continues to describe the sacrificial ceremony. The meat is put in a goblet, and the wooden plate and pottery bowl are full. The aroma of offerings is rising. God really enjoys it. God smells it. The rich aroma is not bad! Since Hou Ji offered sacrifices to God, I probably haven't worried about anything, and I'm safe today. The author expressed his reverence for his ancestors, and thought that Hou Ji had made great achievements, which laid the foundation for the development of Zhou tribes and made Chinese descendants pass on from generation to generation.

This poem basically adopts the method of fu, which clearly describes the main achievements of Hou Ji's "speaking directly" and leaves a distinct impression on readers. It is a four-character poem, mainly composed of four sentences, rhythmic, rhyming, musical and easy to read. In language, the use of a large number of sentences, the use of overlapping words, the selection of onomatopoeia words and synonyms can distinguish the subtle differences between words, and the bud of dual art has emerged. The whole poem is solemn in tone and dignified in style, which is in harmony with the heroic epic and shows the artistic talent of our ancestors.