First, the embodiment of traditional ideas in ancient buildings.
1. Sacrifice to Heaven and Ancestors: Feudal emperors built altars and temple buildings to worship heaven, ancestors and the country.
2. The design of the palace fully embodies the idea of the supremacy of imperial power.
3. Respect for China: The central axis has almost become the solidification line of the ancient buildings in China, which embodies the divine right and imperial power.
4. Yin and Yang and five elements: the sky is Yang, the earth is Yin, the south is Yang, the north is Yin, the Temple of Heaven is in the south, and the Ditan is in the north.
Second, the basic characteristics of ancient buildings in China
1, ingenious and scientific wooden frame structure.
2. Quadrangle-style group layout.
3. Colorful artistic images:
(1) structural mode: frame structure: lifting beam, crossing bucket and well trunk.
(2) Spatial layout: flexible. The load-bearing and retaining structures have a clear division of labor.
(3) Single building components: standardized and modular.
(4) Plane layout: introverted, multi-level, balanced and symmetrical.
(5) Create a bucket arch structure.
(6) using color decoration means.
Third, the level of ancient buildings.
1. Roof: hall, inclined, suspended, hard, pyramid-shaped roof and roof.
2. Width: The space formed by four pillars is called "room", and the width of a room is called width. The greater the width, the higher the grade of the building. Generally, the number of widths is odd, and the emperor's face is nine wide and five deep.
3. Platform: common platform, higher platform, higher platform and highest platform; Function: Supporting the building, preventing moisture and corrosion, and making up for the shortage of small single buildings in ancient China.
4. Column color: Gold has the highest grade, followed by red and then black.
5. Door color: the main hall of the palace is red, the doors of the first to third levels are red, and the next four levels are black.
6, color painting: originally for moisture and moth prevention, later in order to highlight the decoration of the roof, the intersection of the front ridge and the vertical ridge was placed, and the level was from high to low: sealed color painting → rotating color painting? Soviet-style color painting.
Fourthly, the historical evolution and basic characteristics of ancient architecture in China.
1, development period: primitive society-Han Dynasty
Basic features: China wood structure building technology has been gradually improved. People have mastered the technology of tamping soil, burning bricks and building stone buildings.
2. Development period: Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
Basic features: The output, quality and wood framing technology of bricks and tiles have been improved. A large number of Buddhist buildings have been built.
3. Maturity: Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Basic characteristics: the application of bricks is more extensive, the firing of glass is more advanced, and the proportion of building components is gradually finalized.
4. Great Transformation Period: Song Dynasty
Basic characteristics: The specifications of architecture in Song Dynasty are generally smaller than those in Tang Dynasty, but they are more beautiful, gorgeous and changeable than those in Tang Dynasty, and there are various complicated forms such as halls, attics and platforms.
5. Development period: Yuan Dynasty
Basic features: A large number of Tibetan Buddhist temples and Islamic temples have been built. The architectural art of Tibetan Buddhism and Islam has influenced the whole country.
6. Peak period: Ming and Qing Dynasties
Basic characteristics: the output of bricks has greatly increased, and the quantity and quality of glazed tiles have surpassed that of any previous dynasty. Official buildings have been highly standardized and modeled.
Five, the characteristics of architectural decoration and color
1. Decoration details: beams, arches, rafters and other structures have been artistically treated to play a decorative role.
2. Color: One of the most striking features in ancient architecture. Palace, yellow glazed tile roof, scarlet roof, with a little golden blue-green shadow under the eaves, white stone base, well-defined, magnificent. Generally, residential buildings mostly use blue-gray brick wall tile roofs, or white wall tile eaves, wooden columns, beams, doors and windows mostly use black, brown or natural wood.
3. An important part of architectural decoration. Do it on beams, beams, arches, ceilings, eaves and the capitals of indoor cities. Composition is closely combined with the form of the component itself, with rich colors. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were commonly used Hexi, Zi Xuan and Soviet-style color paintings.
4. Caisson: a decoration on the ceiling of traditional buildings in China. It is called "algae well", which means five elements to prevent fire with water. Usually on the Buddha's seat in a temple or above the throne of a palace. It is a flat top with a concave part, which is square, hexagonal, octagonal or round, with carvings or paintings on it, and the common one is "Shuanglong Play Pearl".
Baidu encyclopedia-ancient buildings