Morse code (also translated as Morse code) is an intermittent signal coding, which represents different English letters, numbers and punctuation marks through different arrangement orders. It was invented by Alfred Weil, an American, who was assisting Samuel Morse to invent Morse telegraph (1835). Morse code is an early form of digital communication, but it is different from modern binary code, which only uses zero and one or two states. Its coding includes five types: dot (. ), dash (-) and pause between dashes. A short pause between each character (between dots and dashes), a medium pause between each word and a long pause between sentences. In order to communicate clearly in Morse code, only letters are enough. In order to make communication more efficient, there are many modes in the world. This is an example of continuous wave communication, which takes place between Radio 1 (s 1) and Radio 2 (s2): S1:CQCQCQCQCQ CQ DE S1K Call Anyone (CQ), that is, (de)s 1, and the end (. S2: s 1 de s2 K calls s 1, this is S2, over (now the two stations have established communication connection) s 1: SK Goodbye. S2: Goodbye, SK. For example, there is nothing to talk about between the radio stations above. This is just a demonstration of contact. SOS 19 12 When the famous Titanic was in distress on its maiden voyage, it used the new SOS (-) which had just passed and was about to be used. As a result, Titanic became the first ship in the world to issue SOS code, but it was actually incorrect. In fact, although SOS signal was formulated in 1906, British radio operators seldom use SOS signal, and they prefer the old CQD distress signal. John George Ferra, the chief radio officer of Titanic, kept sending CQD distress signals until Harold Brad, a junior radio operator, suggested him, "Send SOS, this is a new call signal, and this may be your last chance to send it! Then fila mixed the SOS signal with the traditional CQD distress signal. Because there was no 24-hour radio, the California didn't receive the distress signal until the next morning. Morse code decoder There are some decoding programs on the Internet, which are used to translate words into Morse code and play sounds on personal computers (PCs). Supplement: The earliest Morse codes were dots and dashes representing numbers. Numbers correspond to words. You need to look up a code table to know the numbers corresponding to each word. You can click, stroke and pause with the electric keys. Although Morse invented the telegraph, he lacked relevant professional knowledge. He signed an agreement with Alfred Weil to help him make more practical equipment. Alfred Weil conceived a scheme in which each character and punctuation can be sent to each other through dots, strokes and pauses in the middle. They agreed to include this scheme of marking different symbols in Morse's patent. This is now known as American Morse code, which was used to transmit the world's first telegram. 2007-04-22 03:29:59 Supplement: This code can be transmitted by radio signals with smooth tone and intermittent intervals, which is usually called "continuous wave" and abbreviated as CW. It can be an electronic pulse in a telegraph line or a mechanical or visual signal (such as a flash). Generally speaking, any coding method that can express written words with variable-length signals can be called Morse code. But now this term is only used to refer to two kinds of Morse code representing English letters and symbols: American Morse code is used in cable telegraph communication system; The international Morse code still in use today only uses dots and dashes (no pause). Supplement: The telegraph company charges according to the length of the letter to be sent. The commercial code carefully designed a set of five characters to send as a word. Do byoxo want to climb out of it? ); Why don't you answer my question? ); AYYLU (not explicitly coded

Repeat more clearly. )。 These five-character abbreviations can be sent separately in Morse code. On the network side, we will also talk about some of the most commonly used Morse business codes. Q- abbreviations and Z- abbreviations are still used in amateur radios: they were originally used to exchange information between operators, such as communication quality, frequency changes and telegraph numbers. 2007-04-22 03:3 1:04 Supplement: 1838 1.8, Alfred Weil Company showed a telegraph code with dots and dashes, which is the predecessor of Morse code. Morse code, as an information coding standard, has a very long lifetime that other coding schemes can't surpass. Before 1999, Morse code has been used as an international standard for maritime communication. 1997, when the French navy stopped using Morse code, the last message was: "Attention, everyone, this is the last cry before we are silent forever! 2007-04-22 03:3 1:26 Supplement: As a practically extinct code, American Morse code uses different dots, dashes and unique intervals to represent numbers, characters and special symbols. This Morse code is mainly designed for ground telegraphers, and it is transmitted by telegraph wires, not by radio waves. This ancient and staggered code is designed to match the operator's response mode. Unlike now, you can hear the tone of the code from speakers or headphones. You can only hear the click of a mechanical generator of these earliest telegrams, and even answer them from the send key: this key is set to passive mode when not sending signals, and is responsible for making sounds. Most of these operators serve railways or future Western Union transmission. Like many young people at that time, Edison in his teens was such an operator. 2007-04-22 03:3 1:57 Supplement: Modern International Morse Code Modern International Morse Code was invented by Friedrich Clemens gerk in 1848, and used for telegraph communication between Hamburg and Kukes Port. After 1865, after several modifications, it was standardized by the Paris International Telegraph Conference, and was later named International Morse Code by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 2007-04-22 03:32: 18 Supplement: Today, the international Morse code is still in use, although it has almost completely become the patent of amateur radio enthusiasts. Until 2003, ITU was responsible for managing the work of obtaining amateur radio licenses for Morse code professionals all over the world. In some countries, some bands of amateur radio are still reserved for sending Morse code signals. Because Morse only relies on a stable radio signal, its radio communication equipment is simpler than other methods and can be used in high noise and low signal environment. At the same time, it only needs a very narrow bandwidth, and it can also help two operators whose mother tongues are different and traffic communication will encounter great difficulties. This is also the most commonly used method of QRP. 2007-04-22 03:32:40 Supplement: In the United States, until 199 1, in order to obtain the amateur radio certificate issued by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), it is necessary to pass the Morse code transceiver test of five words per minute (WPM). Before 1999, the highest level of amateur radio certificate (extra class) can only be obtained if the proficiency reaches 20WPM; 1999 12 13, FCC reduced this requirement of extra classes to 13WPM. In 2003, the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC03, a biennial special conference on frequency allocation sponsored by the International Telecommunication Union) made a decision to allow countries to choose whether to require the use of Morse code in amateur radio license management. Although there is still a written requirement in the United States and Canada, in some other countries, it is being prepared to completely cancel this requirement. Supplement: Skilled amateurs and military operators can often receive (copy) Morse code at a speed of over 40WPM. Although the traditional telegraph key is still used by many enthusiasts, semi-automatic and fully automatic electronic keys have been widely used today. Computer software is also often used to generate and decode Morse code radio signals. Supplement: There are two kinds of "symbols" for time control and representation: dot (. ) and dash (-), or "Dit" and "Dah". The length of the point determines the sending speed as the sending time reference. The following is a schematic diagram of time control:-m o r s e (space) c o d e

Reference: Wikipedia

Its coding includes five types: dot (. ), dash (-), pause between dot and dash, short pause between each character (between dot and dash), moderate pause between each word, character code, character code, character code, character code, a-b-d-e.f-g-h.-m-n-o- ) and dash (-), or "Dit" and "answer". The length of the point determines the sending speed as the sending time reference. The following is the icon of time control:-m o r s e (space) C O D E Here, "-"means a line and ""means a point. This is the exact sending time of the above message (= indicates that there is a signal. There is no signal, each is the length of a point): = =. = = = = = ... = = = = = = = = = = = = ... The interval between points and strokes is the length of a point; The interval between characters is the length of three points; The interval between words is the length of seven points. Beginners are often taught to pronounce short, short and fast characters, and to exaggerate the spacing between symbols and words with dot spacing. Comparatively speaking, this method is easier to learn. Before 1999, Morse code has been used as an international standard for maritime communication.

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Morse password 1? ──── 2 ? ─── 3 ── 4 ─ 5 ? 6 ─ 7 ── 8 ───? 9 ────? ─────？ ─ B ─ C ─？ ─? D ─？ e？ f？ ─? G ──? H I？ j？ ── K ─? ─ L？ ─? M ── N ─? o──P？ ──? Ask- ─ R？ ─? S T ─ U？ ─ V ─ W？ ── X ─？ ──Y─？ ── Z ──? Program signal program signal period? ─? ─? Comma? SOS (SOS a problem or a question? ─? ──? -(rq) sender -(de) receiver (r)? ─? Error (EEEE e) waiting? -End of message? ─? ─? Interval: (Long signal is three times the length of short message) 1) Each signal in the letter is separated by a dot. 2) The interval between two letters is three dots. 3) The interval between each English word is five points. Study plan: 1) Be familiar with the bell letters: A, E, I, i. For example, Tony, Peter, etc. 3) Familiar with basic English words: HELP, contained, SOS, GO, etc. Practice distress signals with ten numbers. For example: I ... (name) ... Help ... We ... 3 ... Men ... Here ... Complex ... Emergency ii ... Leave ... 9 ... Afternoon ... to ... Greece ... 5 12407 Three ... Help ... Use tool: 1) whistle: the most effective and convenient tool, which can effectively send out long signals (──) and short messages (? )。 2) flashlight: it can only be used in the dark, and the length of the signal is controlled by the time it is on. 3) Mirror: It can only be used in the daytime, and the length of the signal is controlled by reflecting sunlight. 4) Keys (or sharps): You can only use them at close range when your vision is blocked and you can't speak, such as damaged vocal cords and language barriers. It can indicate long and short signals by scratching and knocking. 5) Buzzer: equivalent to whistle or any sounding tool. Note: In addition to the length, different sound effects can be used instead, such as "drip, answer" instead of "long, short" and so on. The originator of the historical reference telegraph: Samuel ·F·b· Morse,1791was born in a pastor's family in Massachusetts, USA on April 27th, and 1806 was admitted to the famous Yale University. During his stay at Yale University, Moss was not interested in school work, but he was attracted by the newly developed electricity. At the same time, he is also fascinated by painting. He became a painter as soon as he graduated from college and studied in Europe twice. He became recognized as a first-class painter in portrait painting and historical painting at that time. He began to devote himself to the invention of the telegraph in his forties. This is an accidental opportunity. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/832, after studying in Europe for the second time, I returned to the United States by "Sal". In the long journey, in order to kill time, one evening, a young doctor was explaining the function of electromagnet: "Recently, many experiments show that the more wires wound on the coil, the stronger the electromagnetic attraction when the current passes through the wires. The experiment also proves that no matter how long the wire is, the current may pass in an instant. Soon science will create a miracle to create electricity. " American Moss remembered these words here. He remembered the French signal system he had seen, which could only be guided for several miles at a time by visual inspection; If electromagnetic signals are transmitted by electric current, can't information travel thousands of miles in an instant? Since then, Moss's life has undergone fundamental changes. After returning to the United States, Moss became a professor in the Fine Arts Department of new york University to make a living. After teaching, he spent all his time designing the telegraph. 1835, he resolutely gave up the art road paved with honor carpet and turned to electricity, which is still in its infancy. He risked failure and climbed hard on the rugged peak of science and technology. Since then, portraits have never been seen in his picture books, but have been replaced by various telegraph designs and sketches. In the process of trial-producing telegrams, Moss's life was extremely difficult, and sometimes he even went hungry. He scrimped and saved on experimental equipment. 1836, he had to return to his old job as an artist to solve the livelihood problem. But he never stopped his research work. With unremitting efforts and the help of friends, Moss finally succeeded. He used the different signals generated by alternating power-on and power-off to compile the code representing letters and numbers, which is the famous Morse code. From 1837 to 1838, he made a telegraph that can send signals back and forth in a short distance. Remote experiments need a lot of money. He applied to Congress for $30,000 to build a telegraph line connecting Washington and Baltimore. However, it was not until two years later, that is,1March 844, that the National Assembly passed the appropriation. The telegraph line was finally built. 1844 On May 24th, Moss sat in the conference hall of the Federal Supreme Court of the Capitol in Washington, D.C., and sent the first long-distance telegram in history to Bar City, 40 miles away, with trembling hands: "What a miracle God has created. After many improvements, Moss's telegram was quickly popularized and applied. Since then, the outbreak of war, the conclusion of a peace treaty, the coming of a storm, the discovery of fish ... all kinds of news have spread rapidly by telegraph. 1858, many European countries jointly gave Moss a prize of 400,000 francs. In Moss's twilight years, new york City created a statue for him in Central Park, which was a great honor to compensate the scientist for starving him.

Reference: mcsda/stchurch/honor/pf/vocal/communications/help