(1) Oil and gas resources are unique.
According to the data of Oil and Gas Journal, Saudi Arabia's proven oil reserves are about 2659× 108 bbl, accounting for about 1/5 of the world's total oil reserves. Burgaig Oilfield in Saudi Arabia has the world's largest oil processing facility and crude oil stabilizing device, and its refining capacity exceeds 300×104 bbl/d/d. Iran's proven oil and gas reserves rank among the top three in the world. Since 20 13, Iran's estimated proven natural gas reserves have reached 33.8× 10 12 m3, second only to Russia. Most of Iran's natural gas is undeveloped and related gas fields. In 2008, Iraq was the third largest oil producer in the world, and its proven reserves ranked third in the world after Saudi Arabia and Canada. Only a small part of the oil fields found in Iraq are under development, and Iraq may be one of the few areas with huge reserves (proven and unexplored) but not yet developed. Most of the proven oil and gas resources in Iraq migrated along the eastern edge of the country, forming an oil and gas belt. There are 9 super-large oil fields in Iraq (with reserves greater than 7.95× 108 m3) and 22 large oil fields (with reserves greater than 1.59× 108 m3). Most of Kuwait's oil reserves are located in the Great Burgan area in southern Kuwait. 20 13 years oil reserves14×10/2 t, Qatar's natural gas reserves account for 13.3% of the world, ranking first in the Middle East. The 20/0/3 output of natural gas industry in Qatar is 158.5× 106 m3.
(2) The Middle East issue affects the world energy market.
The political turmoil in the Middle East has a great impact on the market energy market. In addition, because the Middle East is rich in oil and gas resources, its regional politics has been interfered and influenced by western countries. For example, in 199 1 year, the United Nations forces led by the United States launched the Gulf War against Iraq on the pretext of protecting Kuwait; In March 2003, the United States invaded Iraq for the second time on the grounds of the nuclear issue; 20 10 the United nations security Council adopted the "most severe" sanctions against Iran. After the 1950s and 1960s, the Middle East was full of various ethnic conflicts and armed conflicts, especially various terrorist organizations that emerged at the end of the 20th century. Most countries * * * adopted a tough attitude towards these issues. 2 1 century, although the situation in the Middle East has eased somewhat and countries in the Middle East also hope to establish a strategy for peaceful development in this region, there are still various unstable factors.
The political and economic situation in the Middle East has an important influence on the world oil and gas production. Take the 65,438+00 years from 2004 to 2065,438+03 as an example (Figure 4.5 and Figure 4.6). In 2003, when the United States invaded Iraq, oil production in the Middle East dropped sharply. In 2009, affected by the financial crisis and the Iranian nuclear issue, oil production in the Middle East declined slightly.
Table 4.8 Comprehensive comparative analysis of investment environment, especially industries in Asia-Pacific countries
sequential
sequential
Figure 4.5 Oil production in the Middle East from 2004 to 20 13.
Source: BP World Energy Statistics (20 14).
Figure 4.6 Natural gas production in the Middle East from 2004 to 20 13.
Source: BP World Energy Statistics (20 14).
The soaring oil price has affected the world political and economic situation and international relations. Every time there is a turmoil in the Middle East, it will affect oil prices to varying degrees, which will have a more serious impact on oil and gas importing countries. Since 1970, because the world's main oil and gas supply depends on the Middle East market, there have been two world oil crises. After two oil crises, all countries in the world are trying to control inflation, hoping to reduce the impact of oil price changes on their own economies. Now, Japan, Western Europe and other oil and gas importing countries attach great importance to their own oil and gas import channels. As far as China is concerned, in 20 13 years, China imported 282.6× 106 t of oil, of which the Middle East is China's largest oil source. In the past two years, oil production in the Middle East has decreased, and China plans to adopt the strategy of diversification of import channels in the future. But in the next 30 years, the strategic significance of oil and gas resources in the Middle East to China will still be the first.
1993 after China became a net oil importer, oil security became a sensitive topic of national security. The stable oil supply in the Middle East requires close economic cooperation and good political relations between China and the Middle East. It is very important to develop good political and economic relations. But on the whole, the economic relationship between China and the Middle East always lags behind the political relationship. The poor investment and political environment in the Middle East, as well as the huge cultural differences with China, restrict the investment of China investors. In the new century, in order to ensure the sustained, rapid and stable development of China's economy, China has paid more and more attention to its political and economic relations with Middle East countries, and China has always maintained a just position on some specific issues in the Middle East. At present, China has not only carried out some technical services in the oil and gas resources business in the Middle East, but also obtained the exploration and development rights of several blocks, making preparations for China to intervene in the oil and gas resources exploration and development in the Middle East.
Table 4.9 Comprehensive Comparison Table of Investment Environment of Oil and Gas Industry in Middle East Countries
sequential
sequential
Table 4.9 comprehensively analyzes the favorable and unfavorable factors of the investment environment of oil and gas industry in Middle East countries from the aspects of natural human geography, political and economic environment and laws and regulations on oil and gas resources.
Generally speaking, the political situation in Middle East 10 countries is unstable, especially in Palestine, Israel, Iran and other countries. The Middle East has become a major oil and gas supply region in the world. The United States, Japan and European countries are very sensitive to this issue, and the economic interests and political contradictions involved will cause major problems if they are not handled properly. As the second largest consumer of oil and gas resources in the world, China has to participate more in the political, economic and even cultural life of the Middle East. China and the Middle East are famous for their friendly exchanges. From a historical perspective, they have similar historical backgrounds and are more likely to gain political mutual trust. At this stage, China is constantly promoting the development of good relations with Middle East countries, thus giving China political support in the Middle East oil supply. However, it should also be noted that the overall investment environment in the Middle East countries is not good and the investment risks are high, so the two sides need to further develop economic and trade relations. In the Middle East, some countries don't even know the customs regulations, the macro statistics are inaccurate, and the relevant laws and regulations are imperfect or lack transparency, which all restrict the enthusiasm of investors. In addition, some countries have serious debts, weak repayment ability and slow economic development, which directly affect the development of bilateral economic and trade relations. International sanctions still affect some countries and prevent them from trading.