First, the relationship between Ukraine and Russia and its origin

Both Russia and Ukraine belong to the Eastern Slavic nation. Eastern Slavs are the common ancestors of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. They have similar blood relationship, similar culture, similar customs, the same religious belief, geographical relationship and long-term life, which laid the foundation for the closeness of the three countries in history, language, culture and blood.

In the 9th-12nd century in Kiev, they were called Russians just like Russians. The word "Ukraine" first appeared in Historical Records of Ross (1 187), meaning "border land", and "border land" refers to It also gradually evolved the concept of geography into the concept of idiom and nationality. By the15th century, the Ukrainian nation had formed its own national characteristics-its own language and living area, and its own economic, political and religious characteristics.

? Second, the origin of Russia

Russians are also Russians. The reason why there is a "Russia" before the surname is because Ivan IV called himself "Tsar" in 1547, and his country name was "Russia". The ancestors of the Russians are the Eastern Slavic Ross tribe, belonging to the Europa race. They were called "Villedi" by Roman historians in the 1 th century, that is, "Ricardo Roberto Barreto da Rocha" in ancient China.

Russians first lived on both sides of the Ross River (a tributary of the Dnieper River). Around 862 AD, they were conquered by a branch of Ulrik (known as "Varyag" by Ukrainians, Russians and Belarusians) from Scandinavia. Later, Ryurik people, Russians and Chincha people constantly merged to form modern Russians.

After the establishment of Liulichang dynasty, Kiev was captured in 882 AD, which unified the Russian tribes. It was called Kiev Ross in history and was the embryonic form of the Russian state.

Third, the capital of the same city: the rise and fall of Kiev Ross

At the beginning of the AD, the Eastern Slavs still retained the clan system, and each tribe was composed of several clans. They cut down forests, level the land, engage in farming, collectively raise livestock, hunt and fish, and all matters are decided by the clan assembly.

In 862 AD, monarchies with their own nationalities as the main body began to appear, with Kiev as the capital, also known as Kiev Ross, and Kiev Ross was their similar cradle.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 20th century, the mighty Kiev Ross continued to expand, reaching the mouth of the Volga River in the east, the mouth of the Danube River through the Crimean Peninsula, Lake Ladoga in the north, along the Baltic coast, the Don River in the west and the northern shore of the Black Sea in the south. At that time, they became neighbors with nomadic Tatars, accepted the Orthodox Church, and founded the Ross Code.

1 1 At the beginning of the century, after the death of Roslav, a wise man in Kiev, three sons came to power, their control was weakened, and people's anti-feudal uprisings continued to occur. Various local forces in big noble seized the opportunity to rise, gradually split into independent small principalities, plunged into civil war, and finally split into 18 principality.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 3rd century, the powerful Mongol Empire invaded and established the Qincha khanate in Eastern Europe. The allied forces of Russians and other nationalities were defeated, Russians surrendered to Chincha khanate, and Kiev Ross was divided into several parts. The development focus of some Russians shifted to Moscow in the northeast and Liulike in Varyag, which carved up the Russian dynasty for more than 700 years.

However, with the development of the Ross people shifting to Moscow in the northeast, it also has the meaning of "frontier".

Fourth, the decline of the Mongolian Empire and the rise of the Moscow Principality.

The "eight thoughts" system of Qincha khanate controls the Russians, which is similar to supervision and command. For example, during the Japanese invasion of China, they commanded a number of puppet troops for several days.

But after all, it is foreign rule, and there is great resistance. We must win over local dignitaries to control foreigners. Do you feel deja vu when you see this place?

Among them, the principality of Moscow was divided by Kiev Ross and entrusted with a heavy responsibility by the Mongols. In this way, the Principality of Moscow became powerful under the eyes of Mongolia.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 4th century, the Golden Horde began to split. /kloc-In the late 4th century, the Principality of Moscow had the strength to challenge its suzerain, the Golden Horde, and it continued to annex neighboring principalities that surrendered to Mongolia. 1380, the contradiction between the Golden Horde and the Principality of Moscow broke out completely. The Mongols dispatched 200,000 troops to wage a fierce battle with Moscow's 6.5438+0.5 million troops in the Don River valley, which is known as the "Battle of Kurikovo" in history. Both sides suffered heavy losses in this battle, but the Principality of Moscow finally won by a narrow margin.

1485, the Grand Duke of Moscow was officially called the Grand Duke of Russia. By Vassili III, the great cause of Russian reunification was finally completed. The territory reaches the White Sea in the north, the Oka River in the south, the Dnieper River in the west and the northern Urals in the east, making it the largest country in Europe.

1598 1 month, Tsar fedor died, leaving the Lilik dynasty as the heir, and Tatar Godunov became the new Tsar.

1665438+In February, 2003, romanov was elected as the czar, and the Romanov dynasty began to rule Russia for more than 300 years.

During the Romanov dynasty, Peter the Great defeated Sweden in the west and occupied Siberia in the east. Russia is called the empire, that is, "Tsarist Russia".

/kloc-in the 0/8th century, Russia incorporated Ukraine and the northern shore of the Black Sea into its territory. By 1795, except Galicia, the rest of Ukraine was under Russian rule.

After the fall of tsarist Russia, western Ukraine was occupied by Poland. 1922, eastern Ukraine joined the Soviet Union. According to Riga Treaty, the Soviet Union recognized western Ukraine as Polish territory.

While Germany invaded Poland on 1939, the Soviet Union took advantage of the fire and annexed Poland's western Ukraine.

1June, 940, the Soviet Union forced Romania to cede the Bissalabia region (mainly inhabited by Ukrainians) by force. 1In June, 945, the Soviet Union used force to force Czechoslovakia to cede Transcarpathia. At this point, Ukraine was unified with the help of the Soviet Union.

1954 In February, Soviet leader Khrushchev "presented" Crimea, which originally belonged to Russia, to Ukraine today.

199 1 In August, Ukraine declared its independence from the Soviet Union. After the referendum 65438+February 8, after the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Ukraine finally achieved independence.

Ukraine and Russia have always been on and off, and Ukraine has struggled to survive in a narrow gap. In order to resist the Polish invasion, 1654 adopted the Peleyaslav Agreement, and Ukraine was incorporated into the territory of the Russian Empire. After more than 300 years, Ukrainian culture gradually unified with Russia, and Ukraine joined the Soviet Union in 1939 (western Ukraine joined in 1939).

The separation and integration in history made Ukraine ruled by different empires, and its identity was divided and its sense of security was fragile. The western part of Ukraine is close to western European countries, while the eastern part tends to Russia.