cause

Late at night in 73 BC. The gladiator in Kapuya, the center of Rome, suddenly let out a terrible scream behind the bars, which was particularly miserable in the silent night. Three guards rushed over and asked sharply through the railing, "What are you doing? Go to hell! Still not sleeping honestly! "

A gladiator stretched out his head and said, "I killed someone." The Gauls killed our partner. He has been subdued by us. What do you think should be done with him? If you don't care, we will strangle him. "

The guard took a photo with an oil lamp. It turned out that one person was dead and another person was being scuffled by several people. The soldier said, "Give him to us. Carry the dead out, too. " Said and opened the door. Just at that moment, the gladiators quickly knocked them down, pulled out their daggers and rushed out of the prison gate. Heavy iron gates were opened one by one, and gladiators rushed out of the house waving fetters.

"Run to Mount Vesuvius!" I saw a loud cry piercing the night sky, and the gladiators rushed out and disappeared into the night.

The leader of this gladiator uprising was Spartak. He was originally a Thracian from northeast Greece. He is handsome, strong and brave. He was captured in an anti-Roman battle and became a slave.

Because he is smart, educated and strong, his master sent him to a gladiator school to train him to be an excellent gladiator. At the Gladiator School, he became the spiritual leader of gladiators with his courage and wisdom. He used every opportunity to persuade gladiators to die for freedom, instead of being a victim of Roman nobles for fun. When he organized more than 200 gladiators to prepare for the riot, he accidentally leaked the news, so he decided to act in advance and 78 people rushed out of the tiger's mouth.

Team expansion

From the end of 74 BC to the beginning of 73 BC, the Spartak Rebel Army grew rapidly, accommodating a large number of escaped slaves, gladiators, bankrupt peasants and soldiers who escaped from the Roman legion, reaching 654.38+00000, and defeating many small units of the Roman army many times.

The uprising spread from Campania to the southern Italian regions of Apulia, Lucania, Umm and Brouty. Spartak adapted the army into the form of a Roman army. In addition to infantry, there are cavalry, scouts, signalmen and small teams of trench. The weapons were seized from the enemy or made by the rebels themselves.

Military command is based on democracy (military chiefs' meeting and military assembly). There are strict rules for soldiers' training, camping and marching. In the autumn of 73 BC, Roman Justice VaRigney Uz led an army to crusade against Spartacus, which was severely damaged by the rebels.

By the beginning of 72 BC, Spartak's army had increased to 60,000. March into Apulia and Lucania, the total strength increased to 6,543.8+0.2 million (other historical materials were 9,654.38+0.2 million). The Roman Senate was shocked by the momentum of the rebel army. In the middle of 72 BC, it sent consuls Lun Tulus and Galius to lead two armies to crusade against Spartak.

At this time, there were differences within the insurgents. Most slaves, including Spartacus, advocated leaving Italy, rushing out of the Alps, entering Gaul where the Roman army had not yet arrived, getting rid of Roman rule, being free, or going home. The local shepherds and poor peasants who participated in the slave uprising did not want to leave Italy, hoping to continue fighting the Roman army and seize the lost land. This difference caused 30,000 rebels to leave the main force, and all of them were annihilated by the Roman army under gargano Peak (north of Apulia) (20,000 people were killed). When Spartak heard the news, it was too late to come to the rescue.

Although Spartak's army was weakened, he took advantage of the weakness of the Roman army in scattered operations and defeated it. Spartak killed 300 Roman prisoners, paid homage to the "dead" of the fallen comrades, and continued to lead the army north.

In 72 BC, Spartak's army spread all over Italy along the Adriatic coast. Spartak defeated the army of Governor cassius at the Battle of Mutina in Gaul, southern alps. Spartak should have crossed the Alps and continued north, but somehow he turned back halfway, bypassed Rome and sent troops south. In order to crush Spartak's army, the Roman Senate sent commander-in-chief crassus to lead 40,000 troops to conquer.

In the autumn of 72 BC, Spartak's army assembled in Umm Peninsula (now Calabria) in Brutti, Italy, in an attempt to cross the Messina Strait on the Chiriki pirate ship.

But the pirates didn't keep their promise, didn't provide Spartak with ships, and didn't realize their attempt to cross the strait with their rafts. At this point, crassus built a line of defense behind the rebel barracks, cutting off the rebels' retreat to Italy. This line of defense is a trench (about 55 kilometers long, 4.5 meters wide and 4.5 meters deep) with a wall on it. However, the insurgents filled trenches with mud and trees, stormed and built fortifications, and broke through the defense lines. Spartak lost about two-thirds of his troops in the storm.

After Spartak's troops were quickly replenished (up to 70,000 men), in the spring of 7 1 BC, they tried to raid the main port in southern Italy, west of Brin, across the sea to Greece, and then to Thrace (now the European part of Bulgaria and Turkey).

In order to suppress the rebels as soon as possible, the Roman Senate sent two armies, Gneus Pompeius and Marcus' wizard Ruth, to rescue crassus from Spain and Thrace respectively. In order to prevent the Roman army from joining forces, Spartak decided to have a total decisive battle with crassus. He hurried to the north to meet crassus.

Spartak (60,000 men) was defeated in a fierce battle in southern Apulia province. Spartak fought in the front line until his death. About 5,000 people fled to northern Italy and were annihilated by Pompeii, and 6,000 prisoners were crucified by the Roman army on the way from Rome to Kapuya. Although there is no unified leadership, the rebels scattered all over the country have been fighting in many parts of Italy for several years.