Stamping is one of the advanced and efficient processing methods in modern machinery manufacturing. It is a pressure processing method at room temperature, which uses the die installed on the press to force the material to separate or deform plastically, so as to obtain the required parts. Stamping is a main form of less cutting. Because stamping is usually carried out at room temperature, it is usually called cold stamping. Because its processing material is mainly sheet metal, it is also called sheet metal processing. Stamping can not only process metal materials, but also process non-metal materials. In the stamping process, materials are processed into stamping parts (or semi-finished products), which are called stamping dies or cold stamping dies. Stamping die is the key to realize stamping process. Without a qualified stamping die, the stamping process cannot be carried out. Without advanced stamping die, advanced stamping technology cannot be realized. The design of stamping die is the key to realize cold stamping, and a stamping part often needs several dies to process and shape. In the production of stamping parts, reasonable stamping process, advanced die and efficient stamping equipment are three essential elements, as shown in the following figure.

2. The characteristics of stamping process

? Compared with other processing methods (such as mechanical processing), stamping has the following characteristics.

(1) You can obtain parts with complex shapes that cannot or are difficult to process by other processing methods, such as automobile panels and doors.

(2) Because the dimensional accuracy is mainly guaranteed by the mold, the machined parts have stable quality, good consistency and consistent characteristics.

(3) Stamping is a kind of mechanical processing with less cutting, and some parts are directly stamped without any reprocessing, so the material utilization rate is high.

(4) Plastic deformation of metal materials can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of workpieces.

(5) High productivity and easy automation.

(6) The die has long service life and low production cost.

(7) The stamping operation is simple, but it is dangerous, so attention should be paid to safety in production.

3. The application of stamping process

Because of its many advantages, stamping is widely used. It plays a very important role in the production of automobiles, tractors, motors, electrical appliances, instrument toys and daily necessities. Many parts that used to be made by casting, forging and cutting are now replaced by stamping parts with good rigidity and light weight.

According to statistics in recent years, 60% ~ 70% parts in electromechanical and instrument production are completed by stamping process. In automobile production, about 60% ~ 70% parts are made by stamping process, and the labor amount of stamping production accounts for 25% ~ 30% of the labor amount of the whole automobile industry. In electronic products, the proportion of stamping parts is also quite large. Metal products and stamping parts used in people's daily life account for a large proportion, such as aluminum pot and stainless steel tableware. Therefore, stamping technology is widely used. Studying, researching and developing stamping technology is of great significance for developing China's national economy and accelerating modern industrial construction.

4. Classification of basic stamping processes