Positive: It provides a premise for the development of European capitalism and promotes the further development of new air routes. Negative: It brought slavery to America and intensified the expansion ambition of European colonists.

2) Renaissance. Renaissance is a great ideological emancipation movement against feudalism and church theocracy in the transition period from medieval feudal society to modern capitalist society in Europe. It represents the initial development stage of capitalist civilization in modern Europe and is "the greatest and most progressive change that mankind has never experienced". Its dazzling achievements have a far-reaching impact. The formation of modern natural research and natural science is one of the most positive achievements of Renaissance culture.