(1) ITAR-TASS news agency, referred to as Ota news agency for short, was formerly the Tass news agency of the former Soviet Union and ITAR news agency established on June 23rd, 1992./kloc-0 was officially named ITAR-TASS news agency on October 30th. State-run, one of the top five news agencies in the world. At present, there are 74 branches in Russia and CIS countries, and 62 branches in 59 other countries.
(2) Russian News Agency, referred to as RIA Novosti for short, formerly known as Soviet News Agency, was established in 196 1, 1993 and was designated as the national news agency. State-run, one of the two major national news agencies in Russia, has the same status as ITAR-TASS. There are more than 40 branches in Russia and CIS countries.
(3) Interfax news agency, founded in 199 1, is private. At present, there are 8 branches in Russia, CIS and Bohai countries.
Main radio stations: First Radio (former Soviet Central Radio), Voice of Russia (private), Russian Radio (state-controlled) and Moscow Echo Radio (private).
TV station
(1) Russian national television broadcasting company (also known as Russian television and national television) was established in May of 199 1 year, and is controlled by the state.
(2) The First National Television (the former Soviet Central Television), built in 1990, is controlled by the state.
(3) Independent TV station, built in June of 5438+0.993+0.65438, is privately owned and broadcasts Russian programs in Russia, America, Europe, Middle East, North Africa and Australia. From the18th century to the middle and late 20th century, Russian science and technology experienced the process of learning from and catching up with the West, forming a relatively complete system, and some cutting-edge technologies approached or surpassed industrialized countries. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia inherited the scientific and technological system of the Soviet Union, and is still one of the world's major scientific and technological countries, with basic research in the forefront of the world.
Russia's space industry is developed and it is in a leading position in the world. 1957, 10 year 10 4 October, the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial earth satellite, which opened a new era of human conquest of space and confirmed the Soviet Union's leading position in the world space research field. Soviet scientists became pioneers in automatic space flight and manned space flight. The Soviet Union was also the first country in the world to manufacture multiple spacecraft, launch orbital stations and space welding. Soviet and Russian astronauts hold the world record for staying in space.
1May, 960 15, the Soviet Union launched its first spaceship.
1961April 12, Soviet astronaut Gagarin circled the earth in the east 10, becoming the first man in the world to go into space.
1963 On June 16, tereshkova, a female astronaut of the Soviet Union, flew around the earth for 48 times in Dongfang VI, becoming the first female astronaut in the world to go into space.
1March, 965 18, Soviet astronauts Bereyaev and Alexei leonov went into space on Ascension Island 2, which was the first time in human history. Leonov, wearing a 5-meter-long safety rope, stayed outside the cabin for 12 minutes, becoming the first person to get out of the spaceship and float freely in space, and was known as first man to walk in space.
1967 On April 23rd, Soviet astronaut komarov took off aboard Soyuz 1 and fell on the ground the next day, with the ropes of his parachute intertwined. Komarov was killed, becoming the first person to die in space.
1On February 20th, 986, the Soviet Union launched the Mir space station, which was the first laboratory that humans sent into low-earth orbit. The Soviet Union also launched the first biological satellite.
1988 65438+On February 9, the first space post office in the Soviet Union opened on the Mir orbital space station, and the mail was limited to the letters of astronauts working on the space station and special commemorative mail.
19911After the disintegration of the Soviet Union on February 26th, Russia inherited the space industry of the former Soviet Union. In the past 38 years, Russia, including the former Soviet Union, has launched more than 3,000 satellites. The early 1980s was the golden age of satellite launch, with an average of 1 10 to 120 satellites launched each year, exceeding the sum of satellites launched by other countries in the world in the same period. As a cutting-edge technology in the aerospace field, Russia has been ahead of western countries such as the United States and Europe for decades. The orbiting space station "Peace", which entered space in 1980s, has flown around the earth for more than 50,000 times, carried out a lot of scientific experiments, and was still working normally at the beginning of 1997. Russian education is divided into three levels: preschool education, general education and higher education. With the decline in the number of school-age children in Russia, the number of general education institutions in Russia has also decreased accordingly. In 2007, there were 65,438+0,076,265,438+0 educational institutions at all levels in Russia, with 35,764,300 students, 65,438+0 per thousand people (over 65,438+0 years old) receiving higher education and 365 receiving incomplete higher education.
Russia is a big country in education. In terms of natural science and basic research, the level of higher education ranks first in the world, and so do aerospace, military and other engineering and technical fields. Fine traditions and distinctive styles of humanities and social sciences.
Lomonosov Moscow State University enjoys a high reputation in the world and was founded in 1755. At present, Moscow University has 57 majors in 27 directions and 168 graduate programs. There are 29 departments, 25 scientific research institutes, 4 museums, more than 350 teaching and research sections, 1 science park, 1 botanical garden, and the library has more than 9 million books. There are also four branch schools. There are 36082 students in this department. Moscow University has a strong faculty, with 965,438+008 teachers and researchers, including 2,065 doctors, 5,228 associate professors, about 65,438 professors, about 2,000 associate professors and lecturers, and about 300 academicians of Russian Academy of Sciences and Classification Academy of Sciences and Communication. Among the Russian 18 Nobel Prize winners, 1 1 had worked and studied in Moscow University. There are 27 departments, 1 1 research institutes and 19 research centers. There are 3 1000 undergraduates, 7,000 postgraduates, 5,000 advanced students and about 4,000 foreign students, including 400 preparatory students and 5,000 teachers. Moscow University is not only the largest university and academic center in Russia, but also one of the largest and most famous institutions of higher learning in the world.
St Petersburg State University was founded in 1724. In 2000, there were 25,000 undergraduates, 2,000 postgraduates, about 4,500 foreign students and 3,000 teachers. St. Petersburg University is the oldest university in Russia, the best university in the world, the birthplace of many world famous schools, and one of the main centers of progressive social movements.
In addition, there are Russian People's Friendship University, Bowman State University of Technology in Moscow, St. Petersburg State University of Technology, Moscow Institute of Power, Moscow Mendeleev Institute of Chemical Engineering, Moscow Institute of Aviation, St. Petersburg University of Ocean Technology, St. Petersburg Institute of Aerospace Manufacturing, St. Petersburg University of Precision Technology and Information, Samara University of Aviation Technology, St. Petersburg University of Mining and Technology, Moscow University of International Relations, Moscow Pushkin Language Institute, Moscow Conservatory of Music, St. Petersburg Repin Academy of Fine Arts, etc. Russia is a traditional sports power. Football, ice hockey and tennis are the most popular sports in Russia. Russian Football Super League and Ice Hockey League are the two most popular sports leagues in China.
Russia is one of the most important gold-winning countries in the history of Olympic Games 100. Russia and the United States once had fierce competition in sports. Russia's traditional Olympic advantages include gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, trampoline, fencing, shooting, synchronized swimming, weightlifting, volleyball, softball and rowing. Because most of Russia's territory is located in high latitudes, it has a unique training ground and competition venue for the Winter Olympics. He also excelled in skiing and figure skating. Russia is also a chess power.
1980 The Summer Olympic Games was held in Moscow. 20 14 Winter Olympics was held in Sochi. 20 10 12 Russia successfully bid for the 20 18 world cup, which will be the third world-class sports event hosted by Russia.