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1 1, (1) Paris Peace Conference.

(2) The Treaty of Versailles transferred the former German privilege in Shandong, China to Japan; The contradictions between countries have not been resolved, and the seeds of hatred and war have been sown.

12, (1) The Qing government implemented a constitutional monarchy; The revolutionary party tried to overthrow the Qing government through armed uprising.

(2) In order to safeguard their own interests, they did not touch the decadent feudal system.

13, (1) began to realize the harm of foot binding and began to oppose it. This change began in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and was accepted by more people during the Republic of China.

(2) After the Opium War, China people began to look at the world with wide eyes, and the western life customs and political system were gradually accepted by China people; In addition, the Reform Movement, the Revolution of 1911 and the New Culture Movement made the concept of democracy and harmony more deeply rooted in people's hearts and greatly promoted the spread of western life customs in China.