Knowledge points in the second volume of seventh grade history: lesson 2 1, lesson 22: Ming and Qing culture with distinctive characteristics of the times
1. Architecture: Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties embodies the characteristics of the times when imperial power is supreme. Ming Great Wall starts from Yalu River in the east and ends at Jiayuguan in the west.
Medical Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica
2, natural science, agriculture, handicrafts Song's "Heavenly Creations", known as? China17th century craft encyclopedia?
Agronomy Xu Guangqi's Encyclopedia of Agriculture is an agricultural encyclopedia.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the earliest historical novel written by Luo Guanzhong in China in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty.
3. Literature: The Water Margin was written by Shi Naian at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. It is China's first novel with the theme of peasant uprising.
The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the middle of Ming Dynasty is a novel full of romanticism.
Cao Xueqin, the author of A Dream of Red Mansions in Qing Dynasty, is the pinnacle of classical novels with high ideological and artistic quality. Profoundly lashed the evils of feudal system and feudal ethics, and revealed the historical trend of the inevitable collapse of feudal society.
4. Drama: The Peony Pavilion, written by Tang Xianzu in the Ming Dynasty, strongly criticized the feudal ethics of cannibalism through magical love stories.
/kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, a new kind of drama, Peking Opera, was initially formed.
5. Calligraphy: Calligraphy: The most famous calligrapher in Ming Dynasty was Dong Qichang.
Painting: Xu Wei, a famous painter in Ming Dynasty, is good at splashing ink.
Who are the representatives of painters in Qing Dynasty? Eight eccentrics in Yangzhou? (Zheng Xie)
Knowledge points in the second volume of seventh grade history (1)
The Rise of Mongolia and the Establishment of Yuan Dynasty
1, the rise of Mongolia
1206, Temujin unified Mongolia and held a meeting of Mongolian nobles. He was chosen as Khan, and he was honored as? Genghis Khan? Founded in Mongolia. Since then, the long-term melee on the Mongolian grassland has ended.
2. The establishment of the Yuan Dynasty
(1) 127 1 year, Kublai Khan's founding symbol, 1272 as its capital. Kublai Khan is Yuan Shizu.
(2) The Yuan Army occupied Lin 'an in 1276, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished. Appear? Who has not died in life since ancient times, and who has left a picture of history? Anti-meta hero Wen Tianxiang.
(3) Agriculture: Yuan Shizu attaches great importance to the development of agriculture, and has repeatedly ordered that Mongolian aristocrats be forbidden to occupy farmland for grazing, harness the Yellow River and promote cotton planting, so that agriculture in the north can be restored and developed.
Transportation: In order to facilitate the transportation of grain from south to north, he ordered the construction of two new canals, Tonghui River and Huitong River, which, together with the original canals, enabled grain carriers to travel directly from Hangzhou to Dadu. It also opened up unprecedented shipping.
(4) Commerce: The metropolis of the Yuan Dynasty was both a political center and a world-famous commercial metropolis.
(5) Foreign communication: Italian traveler Mark? Polo's mark? Poirot's journey described the bustling scene of the metropolis.
3. Provincial system
(1) In order to effectively govern the whole country, Yuan Shizu has set up provincial secretariats in the central government and provincial secretariats in local governments. Province? . The establishment of provincial administrative regions in China began in the Yuan Dynasty.
(2) The government of the Yuan Dynasty strengthened its jurisdiction over Tibet, and Tibet became the official administrative region of the Yuan Dynasty, which also strengthened its jurisdiction over Ryukyu.
4. Development of national integration
(1) Performance: ① Han people moved to the frontier and contributed to the development of the frontier; (2) all ethnic groups in the frontier moved into the Central Plains and lived together with the Han nationality; ③ There is no difference between the integration of Khitan, Jurchen and Han nationality; ④ To form a new nation ── Hui nationality.
(2) Function: The unification of the Yuan Dynasty promoted ethnic integration, and the large-scale population movement in the Yuan Dynasty promoted economic and cultural exchanges and integration of all ethnic groups.
5. Contribution of the Yuan Dynasty in the history of China: ① The unification of the Yuan Dynasty ended the coexistence of several regimes since the Northern Song Dynasty, and the territory of the Yuan Dynasty was broader than that of any previous dynasty. (2) The establishment of provincial system in Yuan Dynasty had a far-reaching impact on later generations. (3) The Yuan government established the Penghu Inspection Department to be in charge of Penghu and Ryukyu. The Yuan Dynasty appointed officials and stationed troops in Tibet, and Tibet became the official administrative region of the Yuan Dynasty. ⑤ The unification of Yuan Dynasty promoted the great national integration.
Knowledge points in the second volume of seventh grade history (2)
Establishment of imperial examination system
1. The imperial examination system was established.
Background: The official selection system since Wei and Jin Dynasties is not conducive to the country getting real talents.
2. The birth of the imperial examination system
Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty began to select officials by means of subject examination.
Yang Di, Emperor Yangdi of Sui Dynasty, set up Jinshi to assess candidates' views on current affairs and select talents according to the examination results, thus the imperial examination system was born.
3. Perfection of the imperial examination system
Emperor Taizong greatly expanded the scale of Chinese studies. The Jinshi exam is strictly accepted, and the first name of the exam is the champion.
Wu Zetian initiated the imperial examination and martial arts.
Tang Xuanzong took poetry and fu as the content of the exam.
4. Imperial examination subjects
Ming Jing and Jinshi are the most important subjects. Mingjing is easy to take the exam, but Jinshi is difficult to take the exam. ? Ming Jing, 30, and a scholar, 50?
5. The influence of imperial examinations
The employment system has been improved, and talented scholars have the opportunity to work in governments at all levels.
② It promoted the development of education, and the atmosphere of scholars studying hard prevailed.
(3) It has promoted the development of literature and art, especially the Jinshi's emphasis on the examination of poetry and fu, which is also greatly conducive to the prosperity of Tang poetry.
④ The imperial examination system lasted for more than 1,300 years in the feudal society of China, and it was not abolished until the late Qing Dynasty.
Articles related to knowledge points in lesson 2 1 22, the second volume of seventh grade history;
1. Tutoring Plan for Lesson 22, Volume II of Grade 7 History
2. Review knowledge points at the end of the history of the second volume of the seventh grade.
3. The Seventh Grade History Volume II Catalogue
4. Summary of knowledge points in the second volume of the first day of history
5. The outline of the second volume of the seventh grade history review is completed.