PTA is the abbreviation of purified terephthalic acid. White powdery crystal at room temperature, non-toxic, flammable. If mixed with air, it will burn in case of fire within a certain limit.
PTA is a low-end product of petroleum. Petroleum produces naphtha (alias light gasoline) through a certain process, extracts MX (mixed xylene) from naphtha, and then extracts PX (p-xylene). PTA uses PX (65%-67%) as raw material, acetic acid as solvent, and air oxidation (35%-33% oxygen) under the action of catalyst to produce crude terephthalic acid. Then the crude terephthalic acid is hydrofined to remove impurities, and then the refined terephthalic acid product, namely PTA finished product, is obtained through crystallization, separation and drying.
There are manufacturers of crude terephthalic acid at home and abroad, such as EPTA of Sanxin Petrochemical and QTA of South Korea. There is no later refining process in the production process. Low cost and obvious price advantage, which can meet the needs of different polyester enterprises.
PTA is one of the important bulk organic raw materials, which is widely used in chemical fiber, light industry, electronics, construction and other aspects of the national economy. At the same time, the application of PTA is relatively concentrated. More than 90% of PTA in the world is used to produce polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The production of 1 ton PET requires 0.85-0.86 tons of PTA and 0.33-0.34 tons of MEG. Polyester includes fiber chips, polyester fibers, bottle chips and film chips. In the domestic market, 75% PTA is used to produce polyester fiber; 20% is used to produce bottle-grade polyester, which is mainly used for the packaging of various beverages, especially carbonated beverages; 5% is used in film-grade polyester, mainly used in packaging materials, films and adhesive tapes. It can be seen that the downstream extension products of PTA are mainly polyester fibers.
Domestic polyester production capacity statistics in 2003-2005
Polyester fiber, commonly known as polyester. Belonging to synthetic fibers in chemical fibers. Synthetic fiber manufacturing industry is the largest and most branched sub-industry in chemical fiber industry. Besides polyester, its products include acrylic fiber, nylon and spandex. In 2005, China's chemical fiber output was16.29 million tons, accounting for 37% of the world's total output of 44 million tons. The output of synthetic fiber accounts for 92% of the total chemical fiber, while polyester fiber accounts for 85% of synthetic fiber. Polyester is divided into filaments and staple fibers, with filaments accounting for about 62% and staple fibers accounting for about 38%. There are two methods to produce filaments and staple fibers: one is to produce chips from PTA and MEG and melt spinning; One is that PTA and MEG do not produce chips in the production process and spin directly.
Polyester can be used to make special materials, such as bulletproof vests, safety belts, tire cords, fishing nets, ropes, filter cloth and rim materials. But its main use is as a textile raw material. In domestic textile raw materials, cotton and chemical fiber account for 90% of the total. China's chemical fiber production ranks first in the world. In 2005, of the 26.9 million tons of fiber processing in China textile industry, the output of chemical fiber accounted for 6 1%. The polyester in chemical fiber accounts for nearly 80% of the total chemical fiber. Therefore, polyester is the main raw material of textile industry. Polyester filaments are used by textile enterprises to produce chemical fiber fabrics, and polyester staple fibers are generally blended with cotton. In general, cotton yarn accounts for 60% and polyester accounts for 30-35%. However, the consumption of both has been replaced by price changes.
Simply put, the raw material of PTA is PX, and the source is petroleum. PTA accounts for 75% of the total polyester, while 78% of chemical fiber is polyester. This is the origin of the term "PTA".
Second, PTA futures exchange and code
PTA Futures Exchange: Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange
PTA futures trading code: TA
Third, PTA futures contract description
Four, PTA futures trading margin system
Five, PTA futures price factors
The output of PTA in China is far from meeting the demand. In order to meet the domestic market demand for PTA consumption, many projects have been built and expanded in PTA production capacity in recent two years. With the completion and commissioning of these projects, the domestic PTA production capacity will be greatly improved, but there will still be a certain gap compared with the growth of consumer demand. By the end of 20 1 1, the PTA production capacity in China will reach about170,000 tons/year. But what is certain is that with the growth of domestic PTA supply capacity, the dependence on imports will gradually decrease. PTA is continuous production and consumption. Production and consumption can be adjusted according to market conditions. At the same time, PTA spot trading is mainly based on direct sales, and the relationship between upstream and downstream production and sales is relatively stable, with a high production and sales rate. Therefore, manufacturers have little inventory.
Among polyester products, polyester has the largest demand for PTA, which determines the consumption of PTA. The prosperity and development of textile industry directly affects the consumption of polyester market, and then determines the demand for PTA.
The source of PTA is petroleum, and the chemical market, as an intermediate product, is closely related to the price of crude oil and fluctuates synchronously. The polyester chemical fiber industry where PTA is located is no exception. The rising oil brings costs to the downstream, which directly increases the cost of PX, thus affecting the production cost of PTA.
PX is the most direct and main raw material for PTA production. More than 90% of PX in the world is used to produce PTA. In the spot market, the reference formula of PTA cost price is based on PX: PTA cost price =0.655×PX price+1200. The price of 0.655×PX is the cost of raw materials, and 1200 yuan is various production costs. In the past five years, the average growth rate of domestic PX consumption was 20.5%. In 20 10, the domestic consumption of PTA*** is px9170,000 tons, and the domestic output is only 6170,000 tons, with a self-sufficiency rate of 85%. Compared with the rapid expansion of PTA capacity, the expansion of PX capacity lags behind. At the same time, the future development of PX will be affected by the shortage of resources, the increase of naphtha gap and the increase of gasoline demand for naphtha. Therefore, PX obviously restricts the development of PTA. With the completion and commissioning of the new PTA plant in China, the amount of PTA imported from China will decrease month by month, but the amount of PX imported will increase month by month.
The downstream product of PTA is polyester, which is the raw material of textiles together with cotton. The two are an alternative relationship. The price relationship between them will affect their consumption in textile ingredients, thus affecting the demand for PTA.
PTA production equipment needs overhaul once a year. PTA production enterprises will choose off-season or bad months to arrange equipment maintenance, so as to reduce market risks and have an impact on market supply.
China is the largest textile producer and exporter in the world. The appreciation of RMB reduces the export competitiveness of textiles, and the textile market situation will in turn directly affect the development of chemical fiber industry and upstream PTA industry. On the other hand, the appreciation of RMB means that the price of imported PX denominated in US dollars is more attractive, which may lead to an increase in the corresponding quotation.
The reduction of tariff will increase the import pressure of PTA and affect the price trend of PTA. Actually, that's not the case. The price of imported PTA has always been based on the domestic market price minus the import cost of domestic enterprises. The reduction of tariffs may also make foreign exporters increase their quotations on the China market accordingly, thus reducing the impact of tariff reduction on the domestic PTA market to some extent.