1, drum:
One legend is that ...
In 3500 BC, people in China had artificial drums.
.
In 3000 BC, drums were made by covering frames or containers with animal skins.
. reach
BC 1000 BC, Sumerians in Mesopotamia made a circular drum with pictures on it.
. Later, there were small bronze drums and big bronze drums.
. 15
Bronze drum of century cavalry, 17.
It was adopted by orchestras in the18th century.
. 1692, purcell used it in the music for The Fairy Queen.
. This kind of drum is now called timpani, 19.
Century has a bass drum.
. Drums can make the beat clear, rough and powerful.
.
In 2 BC
Century China people
Invented the timpani
.
2. Binary system:
Legend has it
Fuxi in 3000 BC
Invented the binary system
. Zhouyi is one of the Five Classics and one of the oldest classics in China.
. According to legend, the Book of Changes is about
In 3000 BC, Fuxi painted hexagrams, repeated hexagrams and wrote poems, which were revised into the Book of Changes.
. Modern electronic computers use binary instead of decimal.
. Who is binary?
Invented? "Yi Shu" in Zhouyi uses binary system.
. In other words, Fuxi.
Invented the binary system, Fuxi is Shennong.
. Legend has it that Shennong tasted a hundred herbs and got five grains, and China had primitive agriculture.
. Fuxi has made great progress to our society! The Xiannongtan in China was built in memory of Shennong (Fuxi), where China people expressed their admiration for him.
.
3. Rope:
In 2800 BC, China people had mastered the technology of making hemp rope.
. Our people began to make ropes out of hemp fibers.
. reach
At the beginning of AD * *, hemp fiber has become the main rope-making material in most parts of the world.
. United Kingdom, 1775
Inventor Ma Xu
The invention of rope making machine ended the era of manual rope making.
. Since 1950, man-made fibers have been used to make ropes. Manila rope with a diameter of about 2 mm will break when pulled at 55 12 kg, while nylon rope with the same thickness can bear 13227 kg.
.
4. Compass:
According to legend
Huangdi in Xuanyuan, China in 2700 BC.
Invented the compass
. Huangdi used a compass to tell the direction in the fog and defeated Chiyou.
. According to historical records, China people used the compass as early as the Warring States Period.
.
3 BC
The History of the Three Kingdoms says that the "compass" was used in the Warring States period.
. In Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo recorded this in more detail in Meng Qian's Bi Tan.
. 1090, China and Arab navigators began to install compasses on ships.
. As a navigation tool
. Europe is in 1 1
It was only in about a century that magnetic needles floating on water were used to make compasses.
. 1250 or so, in the Mediterranean region, the magnetic system of the compass has been installed on the measuring card and kept in balance with the central axis.
.
16
In the 19 th century, the compass was installed on a plane frame and played a role in ships.
. 19
The compass of the century iron ship should be fitted with a piece of flinders iron to correct the error caused by the ship's magnetic force.
. 20
/kloc-gyro compass made in the 0/9th century for ships and airplanes.
. According to the principle that the stable attitude of the rotating vertex is related to the star, the gyro compass has two advantages: it does not deflect because it is close to the metal, and points to true north instead of magnetic north.
. 1908 Germany made the first practical instrument of this kind in the world.
. The best compass is made in Spree, USA.
. 19 10 was successfully tested on the ship "Delaware" and was quickly adopted by the US Navy.
. In a word, compasses are the four largest in China.
One of the inventions, which later spread all over the world, made great contributions to the development of global navigation and other aspects.
.
5, fish farming methods:
In 2500 BC, people in China already knew how to raise fish.
. At that time, Chinese people could artificially hatch fish eggs and feed them.
. In the1960-1970s, fish such as frogs in Europe and America were farmed artificially.
. Britain and other western European countries now produce about 654.38 million tons of freshwater fish from fish farms every year.
.
6, equatorial astronomical instruments:
In 2400 BC, China people
Invented the equatorial astronomical instrument
.
7, decimal counting system:
China people are here.
14 BC
Century,
Invented the decimal counting system
. This is very important in modern science. The earliest evidence that Europeans formally adopted it is
It was discovered in a Spanish manuscript in 976 AD, which was earlier in China.
14 BC
In the Shang Dynasty, it was already adopted.
. excavate
13 BC
In Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the 20th century, there was an example of China people describing "547 days" in decimal.
.
8. Printing:
In BC 1324, people in China were able to carve seals and watermark files with ink. Printing is the first medium in the world, and only by using it can information be disseminated.
. Printing is one of the four major industries in China.
One of the inventions
. We in China have used seals to carve names or official titles since ancient times.
. Seal was originally the title of official title.
BC 1324, it was used to seal documents again; It was originally written in ink
In 56 ad.
Red inkpad was only used in the 20th century.
. China seals are mostly carved with soapstone, jade, bamboo and even ivory.
. China people think that documents, letters and bills based on seals are more reliable after being signed.
. Among the books printed now, the oldest is the Diamond Sutra, which belongs to Wang Yin, China, and now it has become an orphan.
. China people in 868.
Engraving printing was invented. Diamond Sutra is a relief printing. It is a 5.25-meter scroll with many engraved plates printed on it. It is 9 1 cm long and 36 cm wide.
. Later, it fell into the hands of the British and is now hidden in the British Museum in London.
.
9, paint-the world's first plastic:
China people are the latest.
13 BC
Century you
The invention uses paint.
. 1976 "fuhao" tomb excavated in Anyang city, Henan province (buried in
13 year
Century), the coffin she painted is proof.
. Needham said, "Lacquer is probably the oldest industrial plastic known to mankind.
. "In ancient China, the organization and management of the paint industry were orderly, with private paint workshops and national production centers.
. There is a painted wooden wine glass in the Oriental Art Museum in Paris. The inscription on the glass shows that this kind of glass was made in
Four years ago, the names of seven craftsmen and five production center officials were engraved.
. This wooden wine glass shows China people's views on manufacturing technology two thousand years ago. On the other hand, this cup also shows that the production at that time probably adopted the technological process of modern industrial production line.
. as far back as
B.C.
In the century, people in China discovered the important chemical properties of paint, and found a method to make it deteriorate through the evaporation process of paint. It was found that if you put a few crab shells in the paint, the paint would remain liquid and not dry.
.
The book Huai Nan Zi was published in BC 120 and
12 year
/kloc-Li mentioned the special function of crab shell to keep paint liquid.
. Modern scientists have confirmed that there are chemical components in nail shells that inhibit the activity of some enzymes, one of which is the enzyme that hardens paint.
. Lacquer can remain liquid for a long time through chemical action, which makes this biochemical process in China have an enduring industrial prototype model.
.
10, bronze mirror:
appointment
12 BC
Century China people
Invented the bronze mirror
. China people are here.
In 5 AD.
Century Huan
Invented the magic mirror; William Breg, a British crystallographer, systematically expounded the theory of magic mirror in 1932, which was about 1500 years later than China.
. The magic mirror is one of the strangest things in the world.
. What's so amazing about the magic mirror? On the reverse side of the magic mirror, there is a bronze pattern-an image or text, or both.
. The side reflecting light is convex, made of polished bronze and used as a mirror.
. Under most lighting conditions, this kind of mirror looks just like other ordinary mirrors.
. However, when the mirror is used in bright sunlight, its reflecting surface can be "seen through".
. By reflecting sunlight on a dark wall with a mirror, people can see the patterns or words on the mirror from the images projected on the wall.
. Solid bronze products become transparent, which makes people feel mysterious. This phenomenon made China people give the magic mirror a name called transparent mirror.
. Bronze is opaque, but it actually makes people feel transparent. Why? This mystery has been discussed by Chinese and foreign scholars for hundreds of years. China scientist Shen Huo and foreign scientist Sir William Breg both expressed their opinions.
. When Sir William Breg discovered this mystery in 1932, he said, "It is the amplification of reflection that makes the pattern appear clearly.
. Needham correctly called all this "the first step on the road to mastering the fine structure of metal properties."
. "
1 1, umbrella:
In BC 1 100, people in China already used umbrellas to identify themselves.
. The ribs are made of bamboo or sandalwood, and covered with an umbrella cover made of leaves or feathers.
.
12 year
The word "umbrella" only appears in century English.
. In the past, there were only parasols, but in the1733rd century, Parisians used tarpaulins as umbrellas.
. 1750, Han Wei, an Englishman, brought an umbrella back to London after traveling abroad, causing a sensation.
. 1874 Hawkes, a metal wiredrawing worker in Dika area near Shayar, obtained the patent right of arc steel umbrella rib.
. With this umbrella rib, the umbrella can be tightened, and it has since become a common rain gear for British gentlemen.
. 1930 Berlin Haupt
Invented the telescopic umbrella
. Some people in academia also say that,
In the 4th year.
Talents in China during the Three Kingdoms Period in the 20th century.
Invented the umbrella
.
12, kite:
In BC 1000, China people first flew kites.
. Long before the "new city", it was said that people in China could fly kites.
. According to legend
Fourth century BC
In the 20th century, Luban, a famous craftsman in China, made a kite, which would last for three days.
. There is also a story in which a general surrounded the palace and used a kite to measure the distance between the palace wall and his own army.
. Kites can be used to send bricks to and from home, or to tie hooks to the tail of kites for fishing.
.
/kloc-in 0/600, oriental kites (diamonds) were introduced to Europe by the Dutch.
. 19
Century Britain
Inventor Clay was inspired by kites.
Invent a glider
. Texas actor Cody "Captain" once used a kite to drag a folding boat across the English Channel. 190 1 year, I made persistent efforts to fly kites with double boxes, which aroused great interest from the British War Department.
. Soon, the plane replaced the military kite, and Cody, the "captain", died in an air crash while flying his new biplane on 19 13.
. 1970, the American space program designed various "flying wings" to make kites become toys for adults again. For example, the Rogge Lele folding flying wing was originally designed for the safe landing in the Mercury spacecraft cabin, and was later replaced by a parachute; But this folding wing was originally the wing of today's hang glider.
. Flying a kite provides the principle and inspiration for the plane to fly into the sky.
.
13, rice wine:
BC 1000, China people.
Invented rice wine
.
14, bow and arrow:
China people are here.
8 BC
hundred years
Invented the bow and arrow
.
In 200 BC, China people had already
Invented the crossbow
. Mainly used for fighting and hunting. You can shoot horizontally, vertically, riding and shooting, which is very powerful.
. And Italy in Europe is
10 year
Bows began to be used in the th century, later than China 1200.
.
15, ancient robots:
From 770 BC to 770 BC
In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in 256 BC, China people had already
Invented the ancient robot.
. In today's world, as long as we talk about robots, we must talk about Europe, America and Japan. However, do you know that we in China are the first people to make ancient robots in the world?
. The ancient robots made in China are not only exquisite, but also versatile. There are all kinds of robots.
. Robots that can dance, robots that can sing blowing sheng, robots that can make money, robots that can catch fish and so on. , have everything.
.
Dancing robot
. Duan Anxi of the Tang Dynasty in China said: In the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was in Pingcheng and was besieged by Xiongnu Khan Mao Dun.
. Chen Ping of the Han army learned that the soldiers commanded by his wife E Shi were the most elite and aggressive team in China, but E Shi was jealous of others.
. Therefore, Chen Ping ordered the craftsman to make a delicate wooden robot.
. Dress the wooden robot in beautiful clothes, dress up beautifully, and put color and rouge on its face, which makes it more handsome.
. Then put it on the female wall (the low wall on the city wall) and start the mechanism (the starting part of the machine), and the robot will dance gracefully, beautifully and endearingly.
. E Shi saw this scene vividly outside the city, mistaking this dancing robot for a real human beauty, fearing that she would spoil Maggie in the Central Plains and neglect herself after breaking the city, so E Shi led his troops to abandon the city.
. The city of peace saved the day.
.
A robot that can sing blowing sheng.
. Robots in the Tang Dynasty are more exquisite and magical. Zhang Xiang, a native of the Tang Dynasty, said in the Complete Works of the Ruling and Opposition that Yin in Luozhou had worked as a county magistrate (equivalent to a "county magistrate"), and his character was clever and he loved to drink.
. He carved a wooden robot and dressed it in silk. Let this robot be a waiter.
. The waitress is always polite when drinking properly.
.
A robot that can make money
. In the Tang Dynasty, a craftsman named Yang Wulian in Hangzhou, China, developed a robot similar to a monk, which could learn the monk's alms by hand and automatically collect them when the money was full.
. It will bow to the donor.
. Hangzhou citizens rushed to invest money in this bowl to watch this wonderful performance.
. It is really unique and profitable to earn thousands of dollars for the host every day.
.
A robot that can catch fish
. Robots in the Tang Dynasty were also used in production practice.
. According to the king of Liuzhou in the Tang Dynasty, a robot similar to an otter was developed.
. It can sink in the water of rivers and lakes, and after catching fish, its head will emerge from the water.
. Why can it catch fish? If you put bait in this robot's mouth and install the starting parts, you can sink it with a stone.
. When the fish eats the bait, this part begins, and the stone falls into the water from its mouth. As soon as its mouth is closed, the fish in its mouth can't run away and float from the water to the surface.
. This is the earliest robot used in production in the world.
.
In addition, in the book "Notes on the Picking Up of Things", it is also recorded that ancient robots performed on the stage, holding lights and being blind.
.
16, branch culture precision farmland method:
6 BC
Century, China people.
Invented the method of branch cultivation and precision farmland; Europeans didn't use this technology until 173 1, about 2400 years later than China.
.
17, iron plow:
6 BC
Century, China people.
Invented the iron plow
. Europeans arrive 17
Iron plows were used in the th century, about 2300 years later than those in China.
.
1050, China people also
The plow mirror was invented, and the plow was equipped with the plow mirror, which was convenient for turning over the soil and improved the agricultural output.
. About; In all parts of; about
In 3500 BC, farmers in Mesopotamia plain
Invented the ox plough.
. Plow is an agricultural tool that people began to cultivate land in the early days. Since Shang Dynasty, people in China have used oxen to pull plows and stone plows.
.
In 500 BC, European farmers built an iron plow with two wheels and a share in front.
. During the Warring States Period, China put a V-shaped iron shovel on the wooden shovel, commonly known as the iron mouth plow.
. The plough frame is smaller, lighter, more flexible and adjustable in depth, which greatly improves the farming efficiency.
. /kloc-in 0/700, Europeans began to use advanced Roslin plows, Ransom iron plows and seeders.
. 1830, American immigrants began to use Deere copper plow, and other continents also began to use copper plow.
. In short, plow through
Invention, application and development unite the people of China and the people of the world.
Inventors' painstaking efforts showed their wisdom.
.
18, large tuning clock:
China people are here.
6 BC
hundred years
Invented the big tuning clock; Here come the Europeans.
The clock was set in 1000, which was later than that in China 1600.
.
19, ever-burning lamp:
everywhere
In 5*** BC, China people.
Invented the ever-burning lamp
. The wick is asbestos; The lamp oil is seal oil or whale oil.
.
20, abacus:
China people in 550 BC.
The abacus was invented for calculation and has been widely used in business since ancient times. Later it spread all over the world to 12.
The century was gradually replaced by modern Arabic numerals.
. To 20
Before the century, many people in the Soviet Union and the Far East still used abacus, and plastic abacus replaced wooden and bamboo abacus.
. At present, electronic calculators and computers tend to replace abacus in the world, but it will take at least ten years for abacus to be completely replaced by electronic computers all over the world because of its low price.
.
5 1, sealed laboratory:
+0 in 65438 BC
Century, China people.
Invented and built a sealed laboratory.
.
52, drive belt:
BC 15 years
Century, China people.
Invented the transmission belt
. The transmission belt used by Europeans is 1430, which is later than China 1400 years.
.
53, sliding mapping instrument:
China people are here.
In 5 AD.
Invented the sliding plotter
. For more than 600 years
. In the same year, China people also.
Decimal fraction of invention
. With the establishment of China decimal system, decimals appeared in China.
.
In AD 5, Liu Xin mentioned an inscription on a standard measuring instrument, accurate to the length of 9.5 units.
.
Advertisement 3
Liu Hui recorded the diameter of 1.355 feet in the arithmetic note in Chapter Nine of the Century.
. Yang Hui and Qin, two outstanding mathematicians, have made great contributions to the application of decimals.
. Later, the concept of decimal gradually spread from China to the west.
. In this respect, Europe is behind China 1600 years.
.
54, hydraulic bellows:
3 1 China people.
Invented the hydraulic bellows.
. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty recorded the poems of Du Fu, the satrap of Nanyang.
Invented hydraulic bellows (water spray row) for cast iron farm tools.
. And incisively commented: it "uses less force and does more achievements, and the people will do it."
. "
. then
Inventor Du Yu has made many improvements to this kind of bellows, and the fried water has been passed down from generation to generation, spreading more and more widely in China.
. And Europe until
13 year
Blasting water rafts began to be used in the 20th century, later than China 1200 years.
. In the process of large-scale industrial processing, China people's pioneering work of using water conservancy is one of the most important breakthroughs in energy supply before modern society.
. This is an important step towards the industrial revolution.
.
55, keel waterwheel:
In 80 AD, China people.
Invented the keel waterwheel; The first keel waterwheel with square blades in Europe was made in 16.
The century was made directly according to the design of China, which was later than that of China 1500 years.
.
56, stern rudder:
1 year
Century,
Invented the stern rudder; And the west
It was not until 1 180 that the rudder appeared on the sculpture of the church, which was about 1 100 years later than China.
.
57, porcelain:
China people are here.
1 year
hundred years
Invented porcelain
. In the Western Jin Dynasty, people used kaolin, feldspar and timely as raw materials to make white and exquisite tableware.
. West to 18
Porcelain didn't appear until19th century, about 1700 years later than China.
.
58, seismograph:
A.D. 132 China native Zhang Heng.
Invented the seismic detector-seismograph.
. Zhang Heng was a royal astronomer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He has written many books, one of which is Faint Translation.
. He once imagined that the earth was a ball in infinite space with nine continents.
. In China, he was the first to introduce a network of latitude and longitude in geography.
. At this time, Zhang Heng came.
Invented the armillary sphere
. The armillary sphere shows the relative positions of the main planets in the universe, while the seismograph can predict the areas where earthquakes occur, which is very clever.
. It was not until 1703 that the first modern seismograph was designed by a foreigner, Della Hautefoye.
. This is better than Zhang Heng.
The invention of the ancient seismograph-the seismograph was after 157 1 year.
.
59, tear gas:
Miyamoto 2
Century, China people.
Invented tear gas
.
60, watertight cabin on board:
China people are here.
Gongyuaner
hundred years
Invented the waterproof cabin on the ship.
. At least from
Miyamoto 2
Since the 20th century, no matter how many holes are broken in the hull of a traditional China ship, the ship will not sink.
. What kind of stunt has produced such a good effect? This is because China people use the bulkhead principle to build the hull.
. A bulkhead, also called a bulkhead, is a vertical partition that divides the bottom of a ship into several watertight compartments.
. Generally, a typical medium-sized ship has 16 watertight compartments. In case of any accident, if one compartment is flooded, the other compartments will not be flooded, because the watertight compartments are separated and sealed, so the ship will not sink.
.
China's shipbuilding skills were spread from China to Europe by Sir Samuel Bentham.
. Kyle Poirot also wrote an article in 1295 introducing the above shipbuilding technology of China people.
. However, European shipbuilders and sailors were so conservative that the principle of watertight compartments was widely adopted after it spread to the west for 500 years.
. China people got inspiration from observing the structure of bamboo poles and started the bulkhead theory.
. The construction of the bulkhead obviously provided the hull with many solid cross bars, which could bear the weight of the mast, which was the key to all kinds of masts used on the ship at that time.
. auxiliary power unit
In the century, this not only surprised westerners, but also prompted various masts to appear on European hulls.
.
6 1, balance square sail:
Miyamoto 2
Century China people
Invent a balanced square sail
. At this time, China already has the longitudinal sail equipment using square sails.
.
Miyamoto 2
The ships using this sail are clearly recorded in the Records of Foreign Bodies in Zhou Nan written by Wan Zhen.
. For example, some ships carry 700 people and 200 tons of goods, which is really amazing! At this time, China already has a four-masted ship.
.
62, quantitative mapping method:
It was famous in ancient China.
Inventor Zhang hengzai
Miyamoto 2
hundred years
The invention of quantitative drawing method made the drawing science take a big step forward.
. Zhang Heng first applied the rectangular grid method to the map, so that the method, distance and itinerary can be calculated and studied in a more scientific way.
. His book "Computational Network Theory" obviously contains the basic principle of using map coordinates accurately.
. Zhang Heng's rectangular network coordinates have been successfully applied to reduce the size of the map, which is similar to the photographic miniaturization technology in technology.
. Throughout history, whether there is an accurate map is the key factor to win politically and militarily; This shows that China people.
How significant it is to invent quantitative drawing! However, the west reaches 15.
Only in the 20 th century did a map of considerable value appear, which was better than Zhang Heng's.
The invention of quantitative mapping is about late 1300 years.
.
63, spinning wheel:
China people are here.
A.D. 12 1 year
Invented the spinning wheel; And the west
The spinning wheel began to be used in 1280, which was later than that in China 1 100 years ago.
.
64, pure sulfur extraction method:
China people are here.
Miyamoto 2
hundred years
The pure sulfur extraction method was invented.
. It was mentioned in Shennong's Herbal Classic.
. exist
AD 1 1
The way to obtain pure sulfur before the century is to roast pyrite and collect sulfur crystals by sublimation.
. Because sulfur and saltpeter are important raw materials for making gunpowder, in 1067, the emperor issued an imperial edict prohibiting the sale of sulfur and saltpeter to foreigners and the private trading of this mineral product.
. During this period, China famous doctor Zhang Zhongjing was at
Also in the year 200.
Invented a cure for malnutrition.
. Zhang Zhongjing gave a vivid description of malnutrition in the book synopsis of the golden chamber and put forward diet therapy. The food rich in vitamins recommended by him is really effective in treating malnutrition after eating it.
. Later, a nutritionist, forget it, explained the treatment of beriberi due to the lack of vitamin B with a detailed prescription.
. One of the methods he proposed to treat "wet beriberi" was to "wash purslane, take juice and japonica rice to make soup, and take it on an empty stomach."
. He also prescribed a prescription for "dry beriberi"
. And western medicine personnel until 19.
At the end of the century, I realized the methods of beriberi and other deficiencies.
. This shows that China people.
The method for treating malnutrition was invented about 1700 years earlier than that in the west.
.