In the Paleozoic era 400 million years ago, Jiuzhaigou was still a Wang Yang. Due to the influence of Himalayan orogeny, great changes have taken place in the crust. In the process of rapid uneven uplift, the mountain is eroded by glaciers and running water, forming a landform with velvet protrusions and high valleys and mountains.

In addition, many geological processes, such as rock wall collapse and landslide, debris flow accumulation, lime dissolution and travertine accumulation, caused by earthquakes and other factors, led to the emergence of river valleys, lakes and waterfalls on the embankment. So the prototype of Jiuzhaigou landscape was formed as early as two or three million years ago.

The karst landform in Jiuzhaigou is a prerequisite for creating vertical walls and forming waterfalls. Debris flow and other deposits accumulated on the uplift surface of the platform fault, and travertine accumulated after karst, which increased the height of the waterfall and formed today's spectacular Nuorilang Waterfall.

On the cliff more than 30 meters high, the rushing water suddenly descended with great momentum. The relatively developed glacial landforms and karst landforms laid the foundation for the scenery of Jiuzhaigou.

The landscape of Jiuzhaigou was formed in the Quaternary Paleoglacial. With the arrival of the ice age climate, glaciers developed in the mountains, and the valley glaciers extended to the bottom of the valley at an altitude of 2.8 kilometers, leaving many terminal moraines and lateral moraines, forming dikes, blocking flowing water and forming a dammed lake. The long sea is formed by the dammed lake.

Up to now, the remains of Quaternary ancient glaciers are still preserved here. Ice bucket and ice valley are very typical, and hanging valley and trough valley have unique charm.

Travertine refers to the sediments mainly composed of calcium carbonate formed by lakes, rivers or springs. The travertine in Jiuzhaigou has its own characteristics. Due to the comprehensive action of flowing water and biological karst, the red seawall wall is formed by travertine attached deposition.

Over time, travertine accumulates layer by layer, forming travertine dams of different sizes in the direction perpendicular to the river, blocking the water flow and forming lakes or stepped Haizi groups. Overflowing water flows downward, forming high waterfalls or low water droplets. Coupled with the proliferation of some aquatic plants such as moss and algae, many lakes have become colorful, creating a colorful and unique landscape of Jiuzhaigou.