The marriage custom of the Yi people in Panxian County has been passed down since ancient times, which is an important area of the marriage custom of the Yi people in Guizhou and even China. The Yi areas in Panxian county mainly include the Yi inhabited areas such as Pingdi Township, Sige Township and Nixiang Township. Pingdi Township, Panxian County is located in the north of Panxian County, bordering Longchang Township, Yingpan Township and Tianba Town, Xuanwei City, and adjacent to Saji Town, Song He Township and Sige Township. Sige Township, located in the northernmost part of Panxian County, is known as the "North Gate" of Panxian County, and the sloping grassland in the territory has been listed as a provincial-level scenic tourist area. Nixiang is located in the north of Panxian County, bordering Baoji, Nantong Sheep Farm, Jichangping and Song He in the west and Yifugu in the north. Mud Township has its own unique cultural heritage, and was named as "the hometown of singing and dancing" by the Provincial Department of Culture and Liupanshui Municipal People's Government as early as 2000.
The formation of marriage customs of Yi people in Panxian county has its historical origin and reasons. It was formed in the period when the Yi people moved eastward to Guizhou and the primitive nomadic culture gradually transformed into farming culture. After more than 1000 years of national cultural identification and integration, the marriage customs of the Yi people in Panxian County have gradually formed today. Nowadays, although the marriage customs of the Yi people in Panxian County have also been influenced by modern marriage etiquette and concepts, some changes have taken place, but the ontology of their marriage customs still exists.
The marriage customs of the Yi people in Panxian county are mainly composed of four parts: knowing each other's songs, asking the media to act as matchmakers, drinking wine and getting married. Getting to know each other by songs is the first link in the marriage customs of Yi people in Panxian County, and it is also the main way for young men and women to get to know each other. Traditionally, you can't sing love songs at home, but choose to sing duets on hillsides and ravines with beautiful scenery and certain concealment at a certain distance from home. The two sides express their affection in the form of duets. Love songs have various styles and are mostly improvised, as long as they can convey true feelings. For example, "Lang planted grapes on the right side of the left mountain in front of the mountain, planted grapes on the right side of the left mountain behind the mountain, and his sister embroidered purses on the right side of the left mountain in front of the mountain. Lang's grapes are sour, sweet, spicy and bitter, and my sister's purses are all squatting. " Find a matchmaker. The marriage of Yi people in Panxian county is mostly a combination of parents' orders, matchmakers' words and free love. Therefore, the custom of asking the matchmaker ("Mo Zuo" in Yi language) to propose marriage has always been retained among the Yi people in Panxian County. To propose marriage through a matchmaker, one is to explain to the outside world that they are lovers, and others should stop asking for marriage proposal. The matchmaker plays the role of notarization here. Once the marriage changes, the matchmaker will stand up and judge. Eating engagement wine, gambling on eight characters, gambling on eight characters is eating engagement wine, which is an important link to determine the marital affairs of both parties. According to the ancient religious customs and clan rules of Yi people, young men and women must form eight characters after determining their marriage relationship. In other words, it depends on whether the heavenly stems and the five elements of heavenly stems are related when both parties are born. If appropriate, they will be formally engaged, and some will not be engaged. For example, some Yi compatriots in Nixiang will not get engaged once they fall in love. The next step is to entertain guests at the woman's house, mainly relatives of the woman's house, that is, prestigious people in the village. The man's house should also have representatives, at least four people, such as the man's father or mother, brother (brother can't go), cousin, brother-in-law, etc. Representatives of the man's family should first set off firecrackers outside the woman's house, and relatives of the woman's family should also fire guns in return. You should light incense, burn paper and serve meals before meals to show respect for your ancestors. During the dinner, I told you about my girl's marriage, and her relatives discussed who would send some furniture or something. Wedding, the first day of the wedding is held at the woman's house. On this day, the groom (Yi language is "Awuqi") was not present, but relatives could not go. Numbers range from 6,8 to 16, but must be even. The number of women who bid farewell to relatives is usually twice that of men. The bridesmaids must be the elders of the married bride, and the lowest is also the peers. Take a handful of Baba (with a dustpan and the word "hi" on it), three sticks of incense, three pairs of candles, brown sugar, at least two bottles of wine, 60 Jin of meat and ham. In ancient times, when the bride got married, she had to ride a horse. The bride's mount is provided by the man's family. When you arrive at the woman's door, set off firecrackers first, and the woman's house is ready to splash water. When you get to the door, you should sing the right tune first, or you will not be allowed to enter the door, and you will splash water when you enter the door. The next morning, everyone drank first, and when they had breakfast, the people in the harem advised their relatives to eat, buried Chili noodles, salt and fat at the bottom of the bowl, forced them to eat, and secretly strung meat and vegetables behind their clothes. After a meal, mixing kerosene, pot ash and wine into a paste will discredit relatives and make her family look proud.
Before going out, the bride must dress up. On the scheduled auspicious day, the person who combs her hair will cover her head with a handkerchief. When the bride gets up, she should first put on the bamboo hat of Dai Lai, the groom's younger brother, then wrap it in Baotou, and then put on a black handkerchief ("Su Po" in Yi language). Hanging a mirror on the chest is to let the mirror on your body shoot away ghosts or evil spirits that may be encountered on the way to marriage, so as to wish the bride and groom peace and happiness, and have children and adopt daughters smoothly. Then the bride's brother or brother-in-law carries the bride on the horse or get on the bus. After getting on the horse, she wants to drink again. After drinking, the bride throws the wine bowl behind her and breaks it, indicating that after breaking the bowl, the bride will slowly forget her homesickness and concentrate on building this new family. On the way to marriage, the bride is absolutely not allowed to dismount or get off the bus, nor can she look back. Everything (two boxes, two cabinets, shoes worship, etc. ) the things he got married were given to him by the person who took them. When the time comes, whoever picks it up will be responsible for the end, and it is not allowed to give it to others halfway. The person who sent them is not responsible for taking things. At the entrance of the groom's village, the husband's family wants to find two good people to help the bride dismount. Please ask Bimo to return to the Western God (Yi meaning "slightly"), which means to drive away the evil spirits that may be encountered on the road and stay outside, so that the bride and groom and their children can live safely and happily. After the bride enters the new house, the people who see her off are invited to the main room to drink "dismount wine". Accompanied by the bridesmaid, the bride didn't come out to have dinner with the people who saw her off until dinner. Pugu people are generous and enthusiastic, and the neighborhood relationship is very harmonious. If you get married, you should send money, blankets, quilts, electrical appliances and other gifts to show your congratulations. After dinner, we began to make trouble in the new house. People attending the wedding are usually the groom's brother-in-law, brother-in-law, cousins and good friends of the newlyweds. The main programs that disturb the new house are toasting, biting apples and lighting cigarettes. After the trouble, the bride gave each of these people a pair of shoe pads to share their wedding joy. The next morning, the bride gave her in-laws the cloth shoes she made, and the in-laws also gave her a certain gift. Before returning to the door, an old man told the couple to kowtow, and everyone set off after eating and drinking enough. Bring twelve pairs of glutinous rice Baba, three pieces of meat, and two bottles of wine as gifts for the people who send their families off. After kowtowing to your mother's house for dinner, if the distance is not far, you will return the same day. If the distance is far, wait until the third day. When they come back, the bride's father will send them back, and the two families will become a family from now on.
The main inheritors of Yi marriage customs are: Wu, a native of Moxili Village, Pingdi Township, Panxian County, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province; Wu Yunlong, from Moxili Village, Pingdi Township, Panxian County, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province; Wu, a native of Moxili Village, Pingdi Township, Panxian County, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, not only passed it on to his descendants, but also to young people interested in Yi culture and Yi people. At present, there are three apprentices, Wu Hui, Li Zhikun and Li Shengyong.
The marriage customs of the Yi people in Panxian county follow a certain ancient system, which is the accumulation of profound historical and traditional culture of the Yi people in Panxian county. In the process of Yi people's transition from nomadic culture to farming culture, it has maintained a large number of traditional cultures and concepts based on marriage culture. It not only respects the free love of young people, but also maintains the etiquette of ancient rules. Bimo culture of Yi nationality is also the main manifestation of its belief culture, and it is one of the characteristics of marriage customs of Yi nationality in Panxian county. The marriage customs of the Yi people in Panxian county also show a rich song and dance culture. Among them, singing is mainly divided into two categories, one is a wine ceremony song, and the other is a crying wedding song. In terms of customs, the folk music, song and dance culture and art of the Yi people in Panxian county have also been fully displayed, especially the singing culture is the most complete. Singing is an important carrier in the marriage customs of the Yi people in Panxian County, and the development of marriage customs cannot be separated from singing.
The marriage custom of the Yi nationality in Panxian County is a prominent manifestation of the traditional culture of the Yi nationality, which contains the spirit, belief and value orientation of the Yi nationality, and involves many fields such as ethics, folk customs and habits of the Yi nationality. It is a living traditional culture of the Yi people and a traditional marriage relic on the edge of the Yunnan-Guizhou Yi cultural circle. At the same time, the marriage custom of the Yi people in Panxian county is also a platform for the local Yi people to show their song and dance culture, from which we can see many artistic and cultural expressions of the Yi people's song and dance.
Due to the great influence of the modernization process and other surrounding ethnic cultures, the traditional consciousness of marriage customs of the Yi people in Panxian County is fading. Most young Yi people think that the etiquette procedure of their traditional marriage is too complicated and trite, which is not as simple and fashionable as other ethnic groups, especially the Han nationality. They turn to imitate other ethnic groups and are no longer willing to hold ceremonies according to the etiquette procedure of their traditional marriage. In addition, influenced by modern communication technology and the accelerated pace of human life, young men and women in Yi families often turn to modern civilized products such as telephones, mobile phones and short messages, instead of singing love songs in the moonlight ravine as in the farming era, thus making the most vivid singing culture in the marriage customs of the Yi people in Panxian disappear day by day, greatly affecting the inheritance and protection of the traditional culture of the Yi people.