The seven wonders of the world refer to the seven magnificent man-made landscapes in the ancient world. The first person to put forward the idea of the Seven Wonders of the World was the 3rd century traveler Antipark. There is also a saying that Byzantine scientist Phelan was in the 2nd century.
Details of "Seven Wonders of the World"
2500 years ago, Phoenician traveler Anke wrote seven dazzling wonders:
The Pyramid of Giza, Egypt-One of the Seven Wonders of the World
The statue of Zeus in Olympia-the second of the seven wonders of the world
The Temple of Mies in Alsi —— The Third of the Seven Wonders of the World
The Four Wonders of the World —— Mausoleum of Mo Solaris
Alexander lighthouse-the fifth of the seven wonders of the world
Hanging Gardens-One of the Seven Wonders of the World
The Colossus of Rodport —— Seven Wonders of the World
1. Pyramid of Giza
The pyramids are tombs built by the ancient Egyptian kings themselves. The pyramids of Giza in Egypt are called one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Most of the pyramids in Egypt were built in the third to sixth dynasties. Some pyramids with a history of more than 4,000 years are mainly distributed in the capital and Kyrgyzstan on the west bank of the upper reaches of the Nihe River. The left side of the Giza Pyramid belongs to King Kabra and the right side belongs to King Kuff, and there is a sphinx nearby. Building materials are mainly limestone, and some are flower rocks.
Construction time: about 2700-2500 BC
Location: Giza Plateau near Cairo, Egypt
According to legend, before the third dynasty in ancient Egypt, both princes and ministers and ordinary people were buried in a rectangular tomb made of mud bricks, which the ancient Egyptians called "Mastaba". Later, a clever young man named Imhotep invented a new building method when designing a mausoleum for the Egyptian Pharaoh Zuosai. He replaced mud bricks with square stones picked from the ground, constantly revised the design scheme of building a mausoleum, and finally built a six-story trapezoidal pyramid-this is the prototype of the pyramid we see now. In ancient Egypt, pyramids were called hierarchical pyramids because they were trapezoidal and layered. This is a tall pyramid building with a square base and a triangle on each side, which looks like the Chinese character "gold", so we call it "pyramid". The tower mausoleum designed by Imhotep is the first stone mausoleum in Egyptian history.
There are eighty pyramids in Egypt, the largest of which is the Pyramid of Giza, which was built around 2600 BC, and all of them were artificially built. How did the ancient Egyptians carve and build tombs with stones? The passage inside the mausoleum and the office in the mausoleum room are like a mystery. How did the ancient Egyptians build it?
2. Statue of Zeus
Zeus is the god of Greek gods. The statue of Zeus built for worship is the largest indoor statue in the world. The Temple of Zeus, where the statue of Zeus is located, is the birthplace of the Olympic Games, and some Olympic events have been held here.
Construction Time: About In 457 Bc.
Construction site: the ancient city of Olympia on the west coast of Greece.
The temple of Zeus was built in 470 BC and completed in 456 BC. It was designed by architect Lieben, and the statue of Zeus was carved by sculptor Pheidias.
The temple is made of limestone with plaster on the surface and marble on the top. The temple is supported by Corinthian columns with a height of 34+07m, covering an area of 465,438+0.65,438+0m by 65,438+007.75m.. The Temple of Zeus is a Dullis-style building, and the whole statue and his clothes are all over it. In his right hand, he holds a victory statue made of ivory and gold, and in his left hand, he holds a scepter inlaid with glittering metal, on which an eagle stays. His throne is decorated with the Sphinx, the goddess of victory and mythical figures, excluding the throne. The statue alone is equivalent to a four-story modern building, so that Zeus' head sitting on the throne is almost close to the top of the temple. In 5 AD, the temple in Olympia was destroyed by fire. Although the statue of Zeus survived because it was transported to Constantinople, it was doomed in the end and was destroyed by fire in 462 AD.
3. The Colossus of Rhodes
The colossus of Rhodes is the most mysterious of the Seven Wonders. This colossus was built at the entrance of Rhodes Harbor. It is a bronze statue of Helius, the Greek sun god, about 33 meters high. Because it was destroyed by an earthquake in 226 BC in just 56 years, archaeologists could not even determine its exact location and appearance.
Construction time: completed in 282 BC.
Construction site: Aegean Sea in Rhodes Port, Greece
The colossus of Rhodes is located in the port of Rhodes, Greece, which leads to the Mediterranean Sea. Rhode Island in BC is an important commercial center, located at the junction of Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea. Port Rhodes was built in 408 BC. Historically, Rhode Island was ruled by many spheres of influence, including Mausolaris (whose tomb is also one of the Seven Wonders) and Alexander the Great. But after the death of Alexander the Great, the whole island was plunged into a long war. Macedonian aggressor Dmitry led 40,000 troops (more than the population of the whole island) to surround the port. After a hard war, Rhode Island defeated the invaders. To celebrate this victory, they decided to build a statue with bronze weapons abandoned by the enemy. This statue has been built for 12 years and is about 33 meters high, which is similar to the height of the Statue of Liberty in New York. The statue is hollow and reinforced with complex stones and iron columns. But this great statue was destroyed by a strong earthquake just over 50 years after it was built. Legend has it that the statue stood in the harbor with its legs apart and boarded the ship only through the middle of its legs, which was very spectacular and interesting.
This colossus is actually the Greek sun god and their patron saint Helius. It was designed by architect Charles. After 12 years of construction, the Colossus of Rhode Island was completed in 282 BC. The whole colossus is 33 meters high, made of marble and covered with bronze, and was later used as a lighthouse. However, the earthquake in 226 BC knocked down the colossus, and its fragile knee became the fatal wound of the colossus, and the colossus fell to the shore near the port of Mandraki. In 654 AD, Rhode Island was invaded by Arabs, and the invaders even transported the remains to Syria, which made it more difficult to investigate this spectacle.
4. Hanging Garden
Like the colossus of Rhodes, archaeologists have not found the remains of the hanging garden so far. In fact, many ancient people mentioned the hanging garden in their works, but they only heard about it from others and didn't really see it. Is the hanging garden a pure legend?
Construction time: about 600 BC
Location: Babylon, east of the Euphrates River, about 50 miles south of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq.
Of course, the hanging gardens in Babylon were not suspended in the air. The origin of this name is purely due to people's misinterpretation of Greek "kremastos" and Latin "pensilis", which originally meant "hanging" and "protruding".
It is generally believed that the Hanging Garden was built by King Nebuchadnezzar (604-562 BC) to comfort the homesick princess Amyitis, imitating her hometown in the mountains. It is said that slaves need to turn a mechanical device to pump a lot of water from the Euphrates River below to irrigate the flowers and plants in the garden.
The most amazing thing about the hanging garden is the water supply system. Because there is not much rain in Babylon, and the ruins of the Hanging Gardens are believed to be far away from the Euphrates River, researchers believe that the Hanging Gardens should have many water conveyance facilities. The slaves kept pushing the handle with gears to transport the groundwater to the top storage tank and then return to the ground through the artificial river. Another problem is maintenance, because it is impossible for ordinary buildings to withstand the erosion of rivers for many years without falling down. Because there are not many stones in Mesopotamia, researchers think that the bricks used in hanging gardens are different. They added reeds, asphalt and tiles, and there are even documents that the stone was covered with lead to prevent the river from infiltrating into the foundation.
5. The Temple of Al themis
Themis is the Greek goddess of hunting. Arabs call her Rath, Egyptians call her Isis, and Romans call her Diana. Themis was deeply worshipped in ancient Greece, so he built the Temple of themis, one of the Seven Wonders.
Construction time: about 550 BC
Construction site: in the soul of freedom in ancient Greek cities, about 50 kilometers south of Izmir (Smyrna).
Temple buildings are based on marble and covered with wooden roofs. The designers of the whole building are Chersiphron and his son. Its biggest feature is that there are two rows of columns at least 106, and each row is about 12 to 18 meters high. The base of the temple is about 60 times 120 meters. The original temple was destroyed by a fire in 356 BC, and it was built after the original site caught fire again in 262 AD.
The Temple of Al themis has been rebuilt seven times. The first temple of Al themis was designed in 550 BC by architects Samos, Cherxihong and his son Mette kinnis, supported by Ionian marble columns. This was the first largest building built entirely of marble at that time. The whole building was decorated with bronze, silver, gold and ivory reliefs of famous artists at that time, such as Pheidias, Polly Cletus, keresey Ras and Vladmont. The statue of Al themis was placed on the central U-shaped altar for people to worship. Later, in 356 BC, the temple was destroyed by fire and invasion. After the transformation, the length of the marble column increased to 2 1.7 meters, and thirteen steps were added around it. Finally, due to the conversion of people who love free souls to Christianity, the temple was destroyed by St. John Christom in 40 1 and disappeared from the world forever.
6. King Mo Solas's Tomb Temple
It is said that Mao Solas's tomb temple in Halicarnassus is about 45 meters high, and the upper part of the pedestal is a stepped pyramid, and the statue of King Solas of Kalia Kingdom may stand at the top. This mausoleum was destroyed in an earthquake in the third century.
Construction time: about 353 BC
Construction site: present-day southwest Turkey.
This huge white marble mausoleum was built for Mo Solas and his wife. The whole building was designed by two Greek designers and decorated with strange carving patterns. Fu Yi's achievements are well known. It was destroyed by a great earthquake at the beginning of15th century. There are still some remaining sculptures in the British Museum in London.
Mao Solas's Tomb Temple is located in Halicarnassus. Its ground floor is rectangular, with an area of 40m (120ft) by 30m (100ft) and a height of 45m (140ft), in which the pier wall is 20m high, the column is12m high and the pyramid is 7m high. The building is surrounded by pier walls, decorated with stone statues, and the statue at the top is four horses pulling an ancient two-wheeled chariot. In addition to its architecture, this mausoleum temple is also famous for its sculptures. The sculpture of Mausoleum Temple was made by four famous sculptors, Briasis, Leo Chales, Scopas and Timothy, each of whom was responsible for one side of the tomb temple.
/kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, Halicarnassus was occupied. In order to build a huge castle, the new ruler used some stones from Mao Solas's tomb temple as building materials in 1494. Today, many sculptures still survive and are kept in museums in London, England. /kloc-since the 0/9th century, the archaeological excavation of Mausolasso's tomb temple has provided a lot of information about Mao.
7. Alexandria lighthouse
According to the order of Alexander the Great (King of Macedonia), the lighthouse of the Faroe Islands in Alexandria was built on an artificial island in 300 BC. It is at least 65,438+0.22 meters high and made of shiny white limestone or marble.
Construction time: about 300 BC
Construction site: Faross Island near Alexandria.
Shortly after the death of Alexander the Great, Ptolemy Soter, one of his subordinates, ruled Egypt and made Alexandria its capital. In view of the dangerous sea lanes near Alexandria, Ptolemy Soter ordered the architect soste Lars to cooperate with the Alexandria Library/Mouseon to build the Alexandria Lighthouse, which was completed in 290 BC.
When the Alexander Lighthouse was completed, its height deserved to be the tallest building in the world at that time. His designer is Chattus of Sotheby's, a Greek architect. An Arab traveler recorded in his notes: "The lighthouse was built on three steps. At its top, a mirror reflects sunlight during the day and guides the ship with fire at night. " /kloc-for 0/500 years, the Alexandria lighthouse has been guiding sailors to the harbor in the dark. It is also the latest of the six wonders to disappear. /kloc-it was completely destroyed by the earthquake in the 0/4th century.
The Fallot Lighthouse is completely different from the other six wonders, because it has no religious color, and it is built purely for people's real life. The light of the Fallot lighthouse shines all over Alexandria at night, protecting the ships at sea. In addition, it was the tallest building in the world at that time.
The legend of Alexander lighthouse: Alexander
In 332 BC, Alexander the Great of Macedonian Empire established an ancient city-Alexandria, west of the mouth of the Nile River in Egypt. After the death of Alexander the Great, the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt began to rise, and Alexandra became the capital of the Ptolemaic dynasty and prospered accordingly. In addition, Alexandra is located at the junction of Asia, Africa and Europe, and it can also lead to the ports of the Nile and the Mediterranean. You can imagine how prosperous Alexandra is and how developed world trade is. Moreover, Faross in Alexandria has the Alexandria lighthouse, one of the seven wonders of the world, which shines on the harbor.
There are also a large number of architectural relics such as temples and Egyptian royal palaces. Although Alexandra is so prosperous, today, Alexandra is beyond recognition. Scientists believe that most of these buildings collapsed due to a major earthquake in the fourth century AD. Scientists have carried out many excavations in Alexandria, including one in 1996. French experts claimed that a large ancient relic was found at the bottom of Alexandria, and traces of ancient roads and paving stones were also found. The investigators found the binaural bottle that sank to the bottom of the sea in ancient times. This is an ancient Greek jar with two handles, which was used to transport wine and other trade goods. The investigation team also found the head of the statue of Pharaoh. The staff first fixed the Pharaoh's head with metal utensils, and then sent the statue into the water with balloons. The survey was conducted at the possible location of the Fallows lighthouse. Just compare the head of the statue with the staff next to it, and you can imagine the huge statue.
With these discoveries, many investigations have unearthed thousands of relics, most of which weigh several tons to dozens of tons. From these relics, we can gradually imagine the mysterious lighthouse of Fallows. Due to the prosperity of Alexandra and the backwardness of ancient directional navigation technology, it is conceivable that the Fallows lighthouse, which shines on the whole port, plays an extremely important role in defending the lives of ancient sailors. Whether future generations can have a clearer understanding of Fallows Lighthouse depends on whether the government and experts will pay attention to the excavation of Alexandria. If the excavation of Alexandria can be further developed, more architectural features can be reproduced. ...