Plato (Plato, π λ α tau? ν, 427-347 BC), was a great philosopher in ancient Greece and one of the greatest philosophers and thinkers in the whole western culture.
Plato, teacher Socrates, student Aristotle, and known as the three sages of Greece. The concepts he created or developed include Plato's thought, Platonism and Platonic love.
Plato's main works are dialogues, most of which include Socrates. However, the academic circles generally believe that the image of Socrates is not the real Socrates in history.
In addition to Homer, Plato was influenced by many writers and thinkers before him, including the concept of "harmony" put forward by Pythagoras. Anaxagoras regarded mind or reason as the basis for judging the correctness of anything; Parmenides's theory of connecting everything may also have influenced Plato's concept of soul.
2.aristotle
Aristotle (384 ~ 322 BC), an ancient philosopher and ancient Greek, is one of the great philosophers, scientists and educators in the ancient history of the world, and can be called a master of Greek philosophy. He is Plato's student and Alexander's teacher.
In 335 BC, he established a school in Athens called Lv Keang, called Minstrel. Marx once called Aristotle the most learned figure among ancient Greek philosophers, and Engels called him "the ancient Hegel".
As an encyclopedic scientist, he has contributed to almost every subject. His works cover ethics, metaphysics, psychology, economics, theology, politics, rhetoric, natural science, education, poetry, customs and Athenian law.
Aristotle's works constructed the first extensive system of western philosophy, including morality, aesthetics, logic and science, politics and metaphysics.
3. Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great (July 20th, 356 BC-June +00, 65438 BC, 323 BC), namely King Alexander III of Macedonia, was born in Pella, the capital of ancient Macedonia, and was a famous strategist and politician in the ancient history of the world.
He is one of the four greatest military commanders in European history (Alexander the Great, hannibal barca, Julius Caesar, Napoleon).
He studied under Aristotle, a famous ancient Greek scholar, and with his extraordinary talent, he unified the whole of Greece successively, then swept the Middle East, occupied the whole of Egypt with one soldier, leveled the Persian Empire, and drove the army to the Indus Valley, and the four ancient civilizations in the world occupied the third place. Conquer the whole territory of about 5 million square kilometers.
In 323 BC, Alexander the Great was the largest country in the world at that time, surpassing the total territory of the seven kingdoms of the Eastern Warring States.
Alexander the Great made unprecedented brilliant achievements in a short period of 13 years. He promoted the prosperity and development of ancient Greek culture, promoted the cultural exchanges and economy between the East and the West, integrated the cultures of the East and the West, encouraged the intermarriage of all ethnic groups, and advocated the equality of all ethnic groups, which had a great impact on the progress of human society and culture. His exploration spread the ancient Greek civilization widely.
4. Archimedes
Archimedes (287 BC-2 BC12), a great philosopher, encyclopedic scientist, mathematician, physicist and mechanic in ancient Greece, was the founder of statics and hydrostatics.
And enjoy the reputation of "the father of mechanics". Archimedes, Gauss and Newton are listed as the three greatest mathematicians in the world. Archimedes once said, "Give me a fulcrum and I can pry up the whole earth."
Archimedes established the basic principles of statics and hydrostatics. Several methods for finding the center of gravity of geometric figures are given, including the center of gravity of the figure surrounded by parabola and its parallel chords.
Archimedes proved that the buoyancy of an object in a liquid is equal to the weight of the liquid it displaces. This result was later called Archimedes principle. He also gave the criterion of equilibrium stability of a parabola rotating body floating in liquid.
The machine invented by Archimedes has a water screw for diverting water, which can pull the lever pulley machine for loading large ships and explain the earth, moon and day running model of solar eclipse.
But he thought that mechanical invention was lower than pure mathematics, so he didn't write a book on it. Archimedes also used continuous division to calculate the volume of ellipsoid, rotating projectile and so on. This method has the rudiment of integral calculation.
5. Raffaello Santi
Raffaello Santi (full name Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino,1483 March 28th or April 6th-1520 April 6th) is usually called Raphael.
The famous Italian painter is also the youngest among the "Three Masters after the Renaissance", which represents the peak that artists can reach in the cause of ideal beauty during the Renaissance.
His temperament is calm and elegant, and he has created a lot of images of the Virgin Mary. His works fully embody the order of tranquility, coordination, harmony, symmetry and perfect tranquility.
Representative works include the Sistine Chapel Notre Dame and Athens School.
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