(1) Main historical facts: ① After Zhang Qian's voyage to the Western Ocean, trade relations with West Asia and Europe began to develop, and the Silk Road was opened. (2) In 1997, Ban Chao sent Gan Ying to Daqin, and Gan Ying arrived in the Persian Gulf in West Asia. /kloc-In 0/66, An Dun, the king of Qin, sent envoys to China to present ivory and other gifts to Emperor Huan of Han Dynasty. (3) During the Western Han Dynasty, more than 30 small countries in Japan were in contact with the Han Dynasty; At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Japanese slave king sent envoys to the Han Dynasty, and Emperor Guangwu gave him a golden seal of "the slave king of the Han Dynasty"; Many Japanese immigrated to China and other countries; China's copper casting and ironmaking technology spread to Japan. (4) The casting of copper and lacquer in Han Dynasty spread to North Korea. (5) Buddhism originated in ancient India was introduced into the Central Plains of China. 6. China's papermaking spread to Korea, Japan, India, Arabia, North Africa and Europe.
(2) Features: ① From the scope: close contacts with North Korea and Japan, and direct contacts with West Asia and Europe. ② From the form of communication: there are both diplomatic envoys abroad and economic and cultural exchanges. (3) China's culture was in the leading position in the world at that time.
(3) Reasons: ① Zhang Qian opened a new era of communication between China and the West, and the opening of the "Silk Road" strengthened the ties between China and Central Asia, Rome and Europe. The prosperity and civilization of Qin and Han dynasties have great attraction to Asian countries.
2. Tang Dynasty
(1) Main historical facts: ① The Tang Dynasty maintained friendly relations with Silla: many Korean musicians went to Chang 'an, and there was Korean music in the Tang Dynasty; Many Koreans study in Chang 'an; Silla craftsmen absorbed the handicraft technology of Tang Dynasty; Trade is booming. (2) Japan sent "envoys to Tang" in 13 times; Japanese students came to study in the Tang Dynasty; Ma Lu from Abe came to study in China and had a deep friendship with Li Bai and Wang Wei. Jian Zhen, a monk from China, traveled to Japan and spread the Tang culture. Tang Wenhua has a profound influence on Japanese politics, economy, culture and life. (3) The Tang Dynasty had a close relationship with India; Tianzhu sent envoys many times; Emperor Taizong sent envoys to Tianzhu to learn how to cook sugar; Xuanzang went west and studied Buddhist scriptures in Tianzhu. (4) The Tang Dynasty was closely related to countries in Central Asia and West Asia, such as Persia and grain.
(2) Features: (1) The scope of foreign exchanges in the Tang Dynasty was wider and unprecedented. ② It has the closest connection with Asian countries. The Tang Dynasty was the center of Asian culture. The foreign exchange in the Tang Dynasty promoted the progress of world civilization. The forms of foreign exchange include diplomatic envoys, overseas students, technical exchanges, religious exchanges and artistic exchanges.
(3) Reasons: ① The powerful and stable political environment of the Tang regime. ② Economy and culture are in the leading position in the world. Foreign traffic in the Tang Dynasty was more developed than in the past. ④ The foreign policy of the Tang Dynasty was relatively open. ⑤ Chang 'an, Tang Dou is an international metropolis and the center of economic and cultural exchanges among Asian countries.
3. Song and Yuan Dynasties
(1) Main historical facts: ① During the Southern Song Dynasty, overseas trade reached Japan and Korea in the east and some African countries in the west. (2) In the Yuan Dynasty, caravans and envoys from the coasts of Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa came in an endless stream. (3) the Italian Kyle polo in Yuan Shizu, came to China, lived for more than ten years.
(2) characteristics; (1) Overseas trade was the main content of foreign relations in this period. (2) Expanding the scope of foreign exchanges to African countries.
(1) Reasons: ① The invention of the compass and the improvement of shipbuilding technology provided conditions for overseas trade and exchanges; ② During this period, science, technology and culture were still in the leading position in the world.
4. Ming and Qing Dynasties
(1) Main historical facts:
During the period of (1)1405-1433, Zheng He made seven voyages to the Western Ocean and reached more than 30 countries and regions in Asia and Africa. Kings and envoys from many countries visited China on Zheng He's treasure ship. (2) After Zheng He's voyage to the West, many China people went to Nanyang to make a living and actively invested in the development and construction of Nanyang. (3) In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the enemy often harassed the southeast coastal areas of China, and Qi Jiguang led the Qi family army to fight against the enemy. ④ From the16th century, some European colonists invaded the coastal areas of China. From 65438 to 0553, Portugal occupied Macao. ⑤ 1624 Dutch colonists occupied Taiwan Province province, and 1662 Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan Province province. ⑥ When the Qing army was locked up, Russia occupied jaxa and Nebuchadnezzar Chu in the northeast of China. 1685 and 1686, the Qing army attacked and occupied the Russian army in jaxa twice. 1689, China and Russia formally signed the first border treaty-the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu through negotiations with Nebuchadnezzar Chu. ⑦ The Qing government adopted a closed-door policy and ordered many times to ban overseas trade.
(2) Features: ① Foreign policy changed from opening to the outside world in the early Ming Dynasty to closing to the outside world in the Qing Dynasty. (2) China began to be invaded by Japanese and European colonialists, and opposing foreign aggression became an important part of foreign relations in this period.
(3) Reasons: ① The strong national strength in the early Ming Dynasty was the fundamental reason for Zheng He's voyage to the West. (2) In the middle of Ming Dynasty, political corruption and lax coastal defense were the main reasons for Japanese invasion. (3) 16 and17th century, the rise of European capitalism in the period of primitive accumulation of capital was the main reason why European colonists invaded China from the east. (4) In order to eliminate the anti-Qing forces along the southeast coast and prevent the invasion of European colonists, the Qing Dynasty adopted a closed door policy.