Three pagodas of Chongsheng Temple in Dali, Yunnan
Famous pagodas in southwest China. Located in front of Chongsheng Temple in the northwest of Dali County, Yunnan Province. The three towers are arranged in a triangle. The Great Pagoda is Chihiro Pagoda, which was built in the sixth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (632), the first year of Kaiyuan (7 13) and the first year of Kaicheng (836). However, the original bronze bell of Chongsheng Temple has the date of "12 year", which may have been built in the late Nanzhao period. It is a hollow brick tower with dense eaves, square 16 floors and 69. 13 meters high. There is a coupon niche on the front of each floor of the tower, in which a stone Buddha statue is built. There is a copper cover bowl and a phase wheel at the top of the tower. The tower gate fell during the 1925 earthquake. Two small towers, north and south, were built in the Five Dynasties. It is an octagonal solid brick tower with a floor of 10, and each tower is 42. 19 meters high. The surface of the tower is coated with white mud and carved with various patterns. Each floor is decorated with carvings such as coupon niches, Buddha statues, lotus flowers, Ruiyun and vases, and there are three copper gourd at the top of each tower. When 1978 and 1980 were rebuilt, more than 600 pieces of cultural relics from Nanzhao and Dali periods were found in the tower.
Shaanxi xi Big Wild Goose Pagoda
The Wild Goose Pagoda was built in the third year of Tang Yonghui (652) to preserve the Buddhist scriptures that Xuanzang brought back from India. At first, it was a five-story square tower with brick topsoil core in imitation of western architecture. Wu Zhou Changan (70 1~704) rebuilt the floor to 10 with the money of Wu Zetian and the vassals, leaving only 7 floors after the war. After the Five Dynasties, in Changxing (930~933) of the Tang Dynasty, Xijing stayed in Anchongba for further repair. In the thirty-second year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1604), the decoration was completely new and it has been passed down to this day. Originally known as Ci 'en Temple Pagoda, the pagoda was later named Yanta according to Indian Buddhist legends and stories recorded in the Records of the Western Regions of Datang. As for the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, it is to distinguish it from the Little Wild Goose Pagoda built later by Jianfu Temple. The tower is 64 meters high, and the square, bucket arch and column forehead of the tower are all blue brick imitation wood structures. There are stairs in the tower, and you can spiral up. There are arches on all sides of each floor, which can be overlooked through the railing. There are stone gates at the bottom of the tower, and there are exquisite line carved Buddha statues on the lintel. Ximei's statement picture is engraved with the palace architecture at that time, which is an important material for studying the art of architecture, painting and sculpture in Tang Dynasty. On both sides of the south gate of the tower, Li Shimin's Preface to Tang Sanzang and Chu Suiliang's Preface to Tang Sanzang are inlaid.
Qingtongxia 108 Taguta Group in Ningxia
One hundred and eight pagodas are one of the existing large pagodas in China. They are located under the cliff on the west bank of Qingtongxia Reservoir, 60 kilometers south of Yinchuan. The stupa is a solid Lama brick pagoda, sitting west to east, facing the mountain and facing the water.
The tallest building is 3.5 meters, and the others are 2.5 meters high. Follow the mountain from top to bottom according to 1, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7, 9, 1 1, 13, 15, 17, 19. About the origin of 108 tower, there is a clear record of "108 ancient pagoda" in Li Xian's "Da Yi Tong Zhi" in Ming Dynasty. Its origin and development is still a mystery. In the Yellow River reservoir area near the towers, there is a bird island in Qingtongxia, which is known as a paradise for waiting birds. Every spring, thousands of migratory birds migrate from the south to lay eggs here. There are not only common ducks and geese, but also rare black swans. Blue sky and clear water, green grass and green hills, and flocks of birds sing and sing, adding infinite vitality to the ancient solitary tower.
Muta, Yingxian County, Shanxi Province
Yingxian Wooden Pagoda in Shanxi Province is the oldest and largest existing wooden pagoda at home and abroad. The tower was built in the second year of Qing Ning in Liao Dynasty (AD 1056). The bottom of the tower is 30m in diameter, 67. 13m in height, with five floors and six eaves, and the plane is octagonal. There are 54 different forms of bucket arches in the whole wooden pagoda, which is the most representative pavilion-style stupa in ancient architecture in China. Because of its solid structure, it still stands after more than 900 years of earthquakes. Pavilion pagoda is characterized by: first, the pagoda is tall; Second, there is a large spacing between floors, and each floor of the pagoda has wooden doors, windows, beams and arches. There are purlins, rafters, flying heads and other imitation wood structures on the tower eaves. There are stairs in the tower for people to climb upstairs and overlook.
Zhejiang Hangzhou Pagoda of Six Harmonies
China Song Dynasty Ancient Pagoda. Located in Yue Lun Mountain on the banks of Qiantang River in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. The old Liuhe Temple in a certain place was named after Qin Temple. Founded in the third year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (970), wuyue Wang Qian was built for Zhenjiang Tide. It has nine floors and is more than 50 feet high. It was fired in the third year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 12 1). After many reconstructions and repairs, the existing brick tower was rebuilt in the 26th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 156) and completed in the first year of Longxing (1 163). Tasha was rebuilt in Ming Dynasty, and the external 13-story wooden eaves were rebuilt in the 26th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1900). The tower is 59.89 meters high, with an octagonal plane, thirteen layers on the outside and seven layers on the inside. There are steps in the tower to reach the top floor. The brick-carved images of flying fairy, musical instrument, sea pomegranate, lotus leaf flower, precious flower, phoenix, lion, unicorn, fairy deer, palindrome, moire, ruyi, etc. are precious materials for studying decorative patterns in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are also the tablets of Shangshu Province in the Southern Song Dynasty and the 42-chapter stone fragments written by 42 writers. After two transformations, 1953 and 1970 are even more spectacular.
Shandong Licheng Temple Gate Tower
Simen Pagoda was built seven years ago, that is, 6 1 1 years ago, with a history of nearly 1400 years. It is the oldest stone pagoda in China and the earliest pavilion pagoda, located in Shentong Temple in Licheng, Shandong Province. The plane of Simen Pagoda is square, all of which are stone structures. This is a single-story pavilion stupa. It is a model of early stupa in China, with solemn and generous shape and simple and reasonable structure. It consists of tower foundation, tower body, tower eaves and treasure top. Simen Pagoda is15.04m high, with a perimeter of 7.4m and a thickness of 0.8m.. There is a semicircular arch with a height of 2.65,438+00 meters and a width of 65,438+0.40 meters in the center of the four-sided tower, with four doors in total, so the tower is named Simen Tower. Five floors were picked out from the tower eaves and 23 floors were taken back, forming the top of the banana wheel treasure. Entering the tower, you can see that there is a square platform in the tower, and there is a square tower core column on the platform. Sixteen triangular beams connected with the tower body support the top of the tower above the tower core column. Triangle has stability, and our ancestors knew its characteristics before 1400 years. From this point, we once again see the greatness, civilization and wisdom of our Chinese nation. The sculpture in the tower is exquisite and vivid, with smooth knife cutting and clear decorative patterns, which is a rare and precious object for studying Buddhist history and Buddhist sculpture art.
Baita of Miaoying Temple in Beijing
The Baita of Miaoying Temple in Xicheng, Beijing is the largest Tibetan Lama Temple in Yuan Dynasty in China. The existing Great Pagoda of Tibetan Buddhism in Yuan Dynasty. Also known as Baita. Located in Fuchengmen, Beijing. Named after the tower is white all over. Yuan Shizu was built in the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (127 1). Anika, a Nepalese craftsman who entered China at that time, participated in the design and construction project. This tower is 50.9 meters high. The lower part of the tower is a three-story square corner Sumitomo, on which is a lotus-covered base composed of semi-circular lotus petals and an annular diamond ring supporting the tower. Since then, the square corner tower foundation has been transformed into a round tower body, which is natural and beautiful and highly decorative. The tower looks like a huge covered bowl, surrounded by seven iron rings. The top of the tower supports a canopy with a diameter of 9.9 meters and 40 radial copper tiles. There are 36 bronze tassels and wind chimes hanging around, each with a height of1.8m and a hollow pattern. When the wind comes, the bell rings, crisp and pleasant. On the ceiling is a small copper tower-shaped treasure top, about 5 meters high and weighing 4 tons. In the sixteenth year of Yuanzu (1279), a temple was built in front of the pagoda, which was named Dashou Wan 'an Temple, consisting of a four-story hall and a pagoda. This is one of the important projects to build Yuan Shizu into a metropolis. In the first year of Yuan Shun in Ming Dynasty (1457), it was changed to its present name.
King Kong Throne Tower of Beijing Zhenjue Temple
The King Kong Throne Tower of Zhenjue Temple outside Xizhimen, Beijing is a typical King Kong Throne Tower. Zhenjue Temple was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. In the 26th year of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 176 1), it was rebuilt for the birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi and renamed Dazhengjue Temple. Therefore, the King Kong Throne Tower of Zhengjue Temple is also called the King Kong Throne Tower of Dazhengjue Temple. The tower was built in the ninth year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1473) and is made of stone. Below the abutment of the tower is a beautifully carved sumeru pedestal, which makes the huge abutment have an adduction curve and a sense of cadence. The most distinctive feature is that 38 1 small Buddha statues are carved around the abutment, giving people a gorgeous feeling.
Juyongguan Interchange, Changping County, Beijing
Juyongguan Crossing Tower in Changping County, Beijing is a famous crossing tower. The pagoda has a pedestal, and there are three Lama pagodas on the stage, which were destroyed in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. The existing Yuntai is white marble, 9.5 meters high, 26.84 meters long from east to west and 17.57 meters long from north to south. There are stone guardrails and drainage taps around the top of the platform, and the ticket hole is a pentagonal arch ticket, which can be opened to horses. Viewed from the elevation, the Yuntai platform has a semi-circular outline, and there are exquisite stone reliefs on the coupon surface and the coupon top. There are six patron saints engraved on the north and south sides of the coupon, which are specially used to catch all kinds of ghosts. There is a living Buddha relic engraved on the top of the coupon, with five mandalas on the top, ten buddhas on the inclined top, and thousands of buddhas in the middle. The coupon wall is carved with relics, and the four corners of the two walls are carved to protect the four heavenly kings. These high relief shapes are vivid and lively, and they are excellent sculptures in the Yuan Dynasty.
Song Yue Temple Tower in Dengfeng County, Henan Province
Song Yue Temple Pagoda in Dengfeng, Henan Province is the earliest existing pagoda with dense eaves. Built in Zheng Guangyuan, Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 520), it is more than 40 meters high, 12 polygon, 15 floor. The plane of this tower is 12 polygon, which is an isolated case in China. The detailed shapes of inclined columns and coupons on the lower floor of the tower are quite Indian, with more than two floors, each floor decreasing in turn, and the eaves decreasing gradually, making the tall image ethereal and beautiful, giving people a lofty and steady aesthetic feeling. This pagoda is the oldest existing brick stupa in China.
Small Wild Goose Pagoda
The famous stupa in Chang 'an, China in Tang Dynasty. South of Xi Youyi West Road, Shaanxi Province. This tower is smaller than the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, so it is called Little Wild Goose Pagoda. Because of the name of the temple, it is also called Jianfu Temple Tower.
Built in Tang Zhongzong and the Year of the Dragon (706 ~ 709), the tower is located in the northwest corner of Anren Square in Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty. According to the existing inscriptions, Jianfu Temple has suffered from repeated wars. The existing temples were rebuilt in the 14th year of Ming Dynasty (1449). In the twenty-third year of Chenghua (1487), the earthquake caused the top of the tower to crack and the tower body to crack. After maintenance, it has basically maintained the original appearance of the Tang Dynasty, which is the masterpiece of the early dense eaves tower. 196 1 year, the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC) was declared as a national key cultural relics protection unit. The Little Wild Goose Pagoda is made of blue bricks, and its body is slightly spindle-shaped. The overall outline is naturally relaxed and curved. This is a dense eaves building, tall and beautiful. A total of 15 floors, due to the incomplete tower top, the current remaining height is 43.94 meters. 1980, a full-scale stone carving of the pagoda in the 14th year of Ming Dynasty was unearthed in the temple. According to stone carvings, the top of the tower was originally composed of a circular brake seat, two layers of phase wheels and a pearl-shaped brake top. The plane of the tower is square, and the bottom length is11.38m.. Located on a square brick platform, the bottom is 23.8 meters long and the height is 3.2 meters. The bottom of the tower is high, and the height of more than two floors decreases step by step. Each layer overlaps the eaves, and two layers of water chestnut teeth are built under the eaves. There are ticket doors in the north and south of the tower bottom, and ticket windows in the north and south of each floor above. The ticket gates at the bottom are bluestone, and the lintels and doorframes are covered with lines carved by creeping weeds in the Tang Dynasty. Fine carving and smooth lines. The picture of heaven and man on the lintel is even more precious. The tower is hollow, and the wooden floor and ladder spiral up. Since the Tang Dynasty, there have been many inscriptions on the tower. The inscription by Wang He on the north lintel in the 30th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (155 1) shows that the Little Wild Goose Pagoda "cracked from top to bottom" during the Chenghua Ding Wei earthquake (1487), and suffered again in the 16th year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty (152 1). This inscription corrected the rumor that the Little Wild Goose Pagoda was shattered in the December earthquake in the thirty-fourth year of Ming Jiajing (1556). Jianfu Temple has buildings such as Bell, Drum Tower, Cishi Pavilion, Ursa Major Hall, Tibetan Scripture Building and Baiyi Pavilion on the central axis from the mountain gate, basically maintaining the layout after the reconstruction in the 14th year of the Ming Dynasty. There is a cast iron clock of Jin Mingchang for three years (1 192) hanging in the bell tower. It is 3.5 meters high, 2.5 meters in diameter and weighs 10000 kg. The well-known "Yanta Morning Bell" refers to this.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), after several years of preparation, the restoration of Little Wild Goose Pagoda began in April of 1964 and was completed in September of 1965. In the reconstruction, measures such as sealing cracks and strengthening the tower body were taken, and steel plate waist hoops were added under the eaves of the 2 nd, 5 th, 7 th, 9 th and 1 1 floors of the tower body to keep its incomplete original appearance. In addition, the drainage facilities at the tower foundation and tower top were reformed and lightning protection facilities were installed. The building of Jianfu Temple has also been restored.
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