Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has a long history. Stone tools, bones and fire traces unearthed from Shuidonggou Paleolithic Cultural Site in lingwu city show that there were human activities in Ningxia as early as 30,000 years ago, and they created the Shuidonggou Culture in the late Paleolithic period. After liberation, many sites of "microlithic culture", "Majiayao culture" and "Qijia culture" were discovered in Ningxia. These sites show that from 67,000 to 34,000 years ago, the "residents" in the north and south of Ningxia had entered the patriarchal clan society from the matriarchal clan society and began to engage in animal husbandry and agricultural production, and had close ties with the Central Plains. There were nomadic tribes in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, called Hu (Northern Emperor) and Qiang (Xirong), and later called Ghost Rong (Xun Yu and Hunzhou). When I was in Zhou Xuanwang, I did a household survey in Taiyuan (now Guyuan area). The survey showed that Taiyuan not only has a large population, but also has an administrative system. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the southern part of Guyuan belonged to the Qin Dynasty, and the remaining areas were inhabited by Yi Qurong, Yan and other tribes.
In 22 1 year BC, after Qin annexed six countries, the central government was established, and Ningxia belonged to Beidi County.
At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Helian Bobo, a Hun, established local political power in 407-43 1 year, with its capital in Tongcheng (now Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province), which governed Ningxia.
In the Tang Dynasty, the whole country was divided into ten roads, and Ningxia belonged to Guannei Road. In the Tang Dynasty, the Taishou Prefecture and the Shuofang Provincial Government were established in Lingzhou (now southwest of lingwu city). During the Anshi Rebellion, Tang Suzong ascended the throne in Lingwu in 756.
In A.D. 1038, Li Yuanhao, the leader of the Tangut, established the Daxia Kingdom with Ningxia as the center, and named it Daxia (known as Xixia in history because it was located in the west of the Song Dynasty). Xingqing House (now Yinchuan City) has its capital, with a territory of "Yellow River in the east, Yumen in the west, Xiaoguan in the south and desert in the north" and "more than 20,000 square miles", which forms a tripartite confrontation with the Song, Liao and Jin regimes.
After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed Xixia, it set up Ningxia Fu Road and began to move into Hui people.
In the Ming Dynasty, Ningxia Wei was established, and a large number of Hui people were placed in Lingzhou and Guyuan areas as "garrison households".
Jianning Xiafu in Qing Dynasty. During the Qianlong period, a major earthquake occurred in Yinchuan, and the original site was seriously damaged. Emperor Qianlong allocated huge sums of money to rebuild his homeland and built a new city in the suburbs, which was called the new city. After Qianlong, "Ningxia is more than 1000 miles away from Pingliang, and I know everything about returning to Zhuang", and it has become the largest Hui community in China. In the early years of the Republic of China, Shuofang Road was established, and 1929 was changed to Ningxia Province, which governs the existing cities and counties in Inner Mongolia except Guyuan, Alashan Zuo Qi, Alashan Right Banner, Ejina Banner and Dengkou County.
1September 23, 949, Ningxia was liberated, and the original name of Ningxia Province was still used. Its jurisdiction is the same as that of the Republic of China. 1954, Ningxia Province was abolished, Alashan Zuo Qi, Alashan Right Banner, Ejina Banner and Dengkou County were placed under the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the rest areas were merged into Gansu Province. 1958, 10 year 10 25th, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established, which governs Yinchuan, Wuzhong Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xihaigu Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Jingyuan and Longde counties in Gansu Province. From 65438 to 0969, five communes in Alashan Zuo Qi and Alashan Right Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region merged into Ningxia. 1979, these areas were transferred back to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.