Let's take a look at the history of economic development in Northeast China.
As early as 188 1 June, the Qing government set up an arsenal in Jilin, which lasted 1 year and a half, and the Jilin Machinery Bureau was built. Jilin Machinery Bureau is the beginning of the capitalist machinery industry in Northeast China, and its scale, equipment and management methods are not only in the Northeast at that time, but also in the advanced ranks in the whole country.
In the era of Zhang and his son, the father and son carried out the policy of "strengthening the army and martial arts, making great efforts to govern", mining mines, repairing railways, building power stations, setting up banks and running schools in Beiman (Heilongjiang) and actively reclaiming land. After only 10 years, the northeast economy has played an important role in China. A number of industries were first established in Northeast China, among which military industry and heavy industry accounted for a considerable proportion. The industries founded by Zhang and his son in Northeast China are mainly concentrated in heavy industry and mining. At that time, the railway, mining and steel industries in Northeast China were also the most developed in China. During the period from Zhang's declaration of autonomy in Northeast China to the September 18th Incident, Zhang and his son made a huge railway construction plan to strengthen the border security in Northeast China, regardless of Japanese obstruction, and tried to put it into practice. After nearly ten years of hard work, the situation that the Northeast Railway has been controlled by foreign countries for a long time has been broken. Despite the Japanese opposition, Zhang set up the Northeast Provincial Transportation Committee, the leading and executing organization of self-built railway, on 1924, and began to build the Northeast Railway Network. It is said that the salary of professors in Northeastern University at that time was six times that of Peking University, about 3,000 yen, which exceeded the salary of the Prime Minister. 1927 can produce motors, 1930 The first air-conditioned train in Asia was born in Dalian. Until 1950s and 1960s, nearly 90% of the population in China lived in rural areas, while in the northeast, the urban population accounted for 30-40%, which was almost the same as that in industrialized countries. It has promoted the agricultural industrialization in Northeast China. The first radio station in China was built in Harbin. China's first transistor radio 1957 was born in Harbin Radio No.4 Factory during the Russo-Japanese War, and there were civil radio stations in Harbin.
In the financial field. In 1905, Fengtian official bank was established. In 1906, the bank's profit reached 202,299 Liang. In 1907, it was changed to Northeast official bank. Mao Yan, Jilin General, set up the Eternal Official Post Office on 1898, and issued official post in Jilin. 1909 merged into eternal Guan Yinqian. By 19 1 1 year, the head office has funds 1342 128, and semicolons in Changchun, Harbin, Tianjin and Shanghai also have funds 166087 1. 1908 Heilongjiang official bank was established and belongs to government enterprises. What is the custom of setting up coal in three local financial institutions: Northeast Guanyin, Jilin Yongheng Guanyin and Heilongjiang Guangxin Company? Formed the northeast regional financial system. During Guangxu period, the money houses in Jilin City "walked in opposite directions", especially Gongcheng Jade Money House. The development of financial industry has promoted the formation of regional financial markets. The official bank of Northeast China was one of the largest banks in Asia at that time. The annual military expenditure of the Northeast Army is as high as 90 million yuan. They are all supported by the official bank numbers of the three northeastern provinces. How can we feed them without extremely strong financial resources? After 1906, besides Yingkou and Dalian, a large number of new commercial ports were opened in Northeast China. By 19 10, there were 24 new commercial ports in the northeast, and it is conceivable how rich the northeast was at that time. Northeast China was also the only well-armed army in China at that time.
In the Manchukuo era, Northeast China had become a heavy industry base in the late Qing Dynasty. From 65438 to 0943, the output of coal in Northeast China accounted for 49.4%, pig iron 87.7%, steel 93%, power generation 93.3%, sulfuric acid 69%, soda ash 60%, cement 66% and machinery industry 95%. The abnormal expansion of heavy chemical industry has accelerated the industrialization process in Northeast China. According to statistics, from1931-1943, the proportion of industrial output value in the total industrial and agricultural output value in Northeast China increased from 26.9% to 59.3%. The proportion of agricultural output value to total industrial and agricultural output value decreased from 73. 1% to 40.7%. In the relationship between light and heavy industries, heavy industry is expanding rapidly, and the proportion of light industry is shrinking. According to statistics, 194 1 year, the coal ratio of heavy industry 1930 increased by 22.9 times, electric power increased by 7 times and pig iron increased by 3.5 times. According to statistics, in 1930, Japanese enterprises invested 890 million US dollars in China. 1936 was16.29 million USD, of which northeast13.24 million USD and Shanhaiguan $305 million USD. When Japanese investment in China reached its peak in 1944, the total amount reached 61630,000 US dollars, including 5.279 billion US dollars in Northeast China and 884 million US dollars in Customs. The industrial output value of Manchukuo 1936 was 807 million yuan, and 1940 was 2.647 billion yuan. You know, this is only the industrial output value, excluding agriculture and the tertiary industry! At that time, the population of China was about 450 million, and that of Manchukuo was 38 million. 1945, China's per capita GDP is $40. At that time, Manchuria established a complete industry and developed agriculture, accounting for about 2/3 of the national GDP. Through simple calculation, it is not difficult to find that the per capita GDP of Manchuria was 3 15 USD! Thirty years later, at 1975, Chinese mainland has not reached this level! In addition, in addition to infrastructure construction, the Manchu government also attached great importance to saving money for the people, and the so-called private economy was very developed. 1934, Manchuria Railway independently designed and developed "paci7" steam locomotive "Asia", keeping up with the European and American trends. This kind of locomotive has a complete air conditioning system for heating and cooling rooms. It operates on the 70 1 km railway between Dalian and Xinjiang (Changchun). At that time, the speed of "Asia" reached 120 km/h, far ahead of the locomotives with a top speed of 95 km/h in Japan's Ministry of Railways. By the mid-1930 s, Manchuria Railway had begun to use IBM computers (machinery) to sell tickets. There are two sets of trains in Asia * * *, which depart from Xinjing and Dalian every morning to complete the operating mileage of 70 1.4 km between Dalian and Xinjing, which takes 8 hours and 30 minutes (without stopping), with an average operating speed of 85 km/h and the highest test speed of locomotives130 km/h.
1937 (four years of Kant), the "Manchukuo Army Flying Team" was established. In the late Pacific War, he participated in the Pacific War. The equipment types are "Fighter 97", "1 Fighter" and "Single Fighter 2". At the peak of the air force, including the transport plane, there were about 1 10 planes. Manchukuo established a relatively complete and advanced industrial system in Asia at that time. Including railway transportation, aviation, navigation, steel, coal, locomotives, automobile manufacturing, aircraft manufacturing and military industry. The industrial output value of Manchukuo 1936 was 807 million yuan, and 1940 was 2.647 billion yuan. The productivity index has increased by more than 60%. Formed a relatively complete industrial system including metallurgy, mining, aircraft, locomotive and automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, textile, transportation, energy and so on. Fengman Hydropower Station built in Manchukuo was the largest hydropower station in Asia at that time, with a power generation of 2.2 billion kWh in 1943. Manchukuo has dense railway lines and developed railway transportation. The railway line is operated by Nanman Railway Co., Ltd., and the main trunk line is Nanman Railway (Changchun to Dalian). 1936, Manchukuo purchased the Beiman Railway from Changchun to Harbin and Manzhouli to Suifenhe from the Soviet Union at a price of/kloc-0.6 million yen. Other important railways include the Anfeng line from Dandong to Fengtian, the Jichang line from Jilin to Changchun and the Pingqi line from Siping to Qiqihar. By 1939, the total length of the route had exceeded 1 10,000 kilometers, making it one of the most developed countries in the world at that time. The "super-urgent" train "Asia" was the symbol of Manchuria Railway at that time. In the shipping part, the main ports are Dalian Port (Guandong County) and Yingkou Port; Inland river transportation is mainly concentrated in Songhua River area. The air transport department is mainly operated by Manchuria Airlines. The total mileage of the route is 6.5438+0.5 million kilometers. 1943, the total length of Manchukuo highway is 60,000 kilometers. At that time, the education of Manchukuo was more modern than that of modern people. 1937 take measures to establish and consolidate the education system in an all-round way. In addition to humanities education, it also pays attention to the cultivation and training of students' character and physique. Rural schools pay attention to training students in agricultural knowledge and scientific farming, and female students also have home economics training courses. In order to cultivate people who have modern scientific and technological knowledge and are loyal to Manchuria. Manchukuo is strict in the training of teachers at all levels, and also has strict systems for the assessment and promotion of teachers. Manchukuo has established 12000 primary schools, 200 middle schools, 140 normal colleges, 50 technical and professional colleges and some military academies. In the education system of Manchukuo, * * * has 600,000 students and 25,000 teachers. In addition, there are 1 600 private schools, 150 religious schools and 25 Russian schools in Harbin. Most of the universities established in Manchukuo were Japanese. At that time, more than 90% of the teachers in Manchukuo University were Japanese and taught in Japanese. 1938, Manchukuo Red Cross Society was established to provide advanced medical training. Manchukuo was also one of the fastest developing countries in Asia and the world at that time. Manchukuo established a complete law enforcement and education system and formed a country ruled by law. The government's modern civil service system has also been improved. For example, later South Korean President park chung-hee graduated from Manchukuo University. 1945, the industrial scale of Northeast China surpassed that of Japan and became the largest industrial body in Asia.