Chinese characters have a historical process of development and evolution for thousands of years, which is roughly as follows: before the Shang Dynasty, it was the history of origin, and the Oracle bone inscriptions in the Yin Dynasty were mature.

Since then, a series of changes have taken place, especially in the Han Dynasty, when official script replaced Xiao Zhuan as the main font, and the development history of China characters broke away from the ancient writing stage and entered the official script stage.

From regular script to basic stereotypes in Sui and Tang Dynasties, it became "Song Style" artistically in the Song Dynasty. Later, it was imitated by Songti, which is roughly the font we use today.

There are many languages of ethnic minorities, and the types of development are different. In the long years, people of all ethnic groups have jointly created the excellent written culture of the motherland.

Extended data:

Words used in history:

1, Oracle Bone Inscriptions

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the earliest and most complete ancient script discovered by China. Oracle Bone Inscriptions mainly refers to the Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins, also known as "Yin Ruins Characters" and "Yin Qi", written on the bones of tortoise shells and beasts in Shang Dynasty.

65438+ was discovered in Yin Ruins in Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan at the end of 2009. It inherited Wen Tao's word-making method and was carved (or written) on tortoise shells and animal bones by the royal family in the late Shang Dynasty (14 ~1century) in China.

After the demise of Shang Dynasty and the rise of Zhou Dynasty, Oracle Bone Inscriptions continued to be used for some time.

2. Jinwen

The bronze inscriptions on Yin and Zhou bronzes are also called Zhong Dingwen. Shang and Zhou Dynasties were the bronze age, with the tripod as the representative ritual vessel and the bell as the representative musical instrument. "Zhong Ding" was synonymous with bronze ware. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.

China entered the Bronze Age in Xia Dynasty, and the technology of copper smelting and bronze ware manufacturing was very developed. Because copper was also called gold a week ago, the inscriptions on bronzes were called "bronze inscriptions" or "auspicious words"; This bronze ware was called "Zhong Dingwen" in the past because it had the largest number of characters on Zhong Ding.

The application time of bronze inscriptions is about 1200 years, from the early Shang Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty's destruction of the Six Kingdoms. According to Rong Geng's Jin Wen Bian, there are 3,722 words in Jin Wen, of which 2,420 words can be identified.

3. Xiao zhuan

After Qin Shihuang unified China (22 1 year ago), Xiao Zhuan implemented the policy of "the words are the same, the cars are the same", and unified measurement is responsible. On the basis of the original script of the Qin Dynasty's Da Zhuan, it was simplified, and the variant characters of the other six countries were cancelled, creating a unified writing form of Chinese characters.

It was popular in China until the end of the Western Han Dynasty (about 8 AD) and was gradually replaced by official script. But because of its beautiful font, it has always been favored by calligraphers.

Because of its complex strokes and simple form, it is possible to add twists and turns and seal cutting at will, especially the official seal that needs anti-counterfeiting. Seal script was always used until the collapse of feudal dynasty and the emergence of modern new anti-counterfeiting technology.

Baidu Encyclopedia-History of Chinese Characters in China

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Information about the origin of Chinese characters

As a historian, Cang Xie was ordered by the Yellow Emperor to collect and arrange characters. Cang Xie invented symbolic characters based on the method of hunters judging and recording information with animal footprints, which was extended to various tribes by the Yellow Emperor. This is the origin of Chinese characters.

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Historical materials about Chinese characters (5 in total)?

Chinese characters have changed for more than 6,000 years, and the evolution process is as follows: Oracle Bone Inscriptions Jinwen Xiaozhuan official script regular script running script (Shang) (Zhou) (Qin) (Han) (Wei and Jin) cursive script, and "Jin Jia official script running script" are called "seven-style Chinese characters"-the appearance of Chinese characters is well documented, about 65438 BC. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is both a hieroglyph and a phonography. Until now, there are still some pictographs in Chinese characters, which are very vivid. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, Chinese characters developed into Da Zhuan. The development of seal script has produced two characteristics: first, the lines with uneven thickness in the early days became even and soft, and the lines they drew with utensils were very concise and vivid; Second, standardization, the glyph structure tends to be neat, and gradually deviates from the original shape of the picture, laying the foundation for the square characters. Later, Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty, simplified Da Zhuan and changed it to Xiao Zhuan. Small seal script not only simplifies the shape of big seal script, but also achieves the perfection of lineation and standardization, almost completely divorced from pictures and characters, and has become a neat, harmonious and very beautiful square font which is basically rectangular. However, Xiao Zhuan also has its own fundamental shortcoming, that is, its lines are very inconvenient to write with a pen, so almost at the same time, a kind of official script with flat sides was produced. By the Han Dynasty, the official script had developed to a mature stage, and the readability and writing speed of Chinese characters had been greatly improved. After Li Shu, it evolved into Cao Zhang, and now it is grass. In the Tang dynasty, there was Weeds, which expressed the writer's thoughts and feelings with a pen. Subsequently, regular script (also known as original script), a combination of official script and cursive script, became popular in the Tang Dynasty. The print we use today evolved from regular script. Between regular script and cursive script is a running script, which is fluent in writing and flexible in using a pen. It is said that it was invented by Liu Desheng in Han Dynasty, and it is still the font used in our daily writing today. In the Song Dynasty, with the development of printing, block printing was widely used, and Chinese characters were further improved and developed, resulting in a new type of calligraphy-Songti printing font. After the invention of printing, the carving knife used for lettering had a far-reaching influence on the glyph of Chinese characters, resulting in a kind of printing font with fine horizontal and thick vertical, which is eye-catching and easy to read, and later called Song Style. There are two kinds of fonts for the moment: fat imitation face, Liu style, thin imitation European style and dangerous style. Among them, the strokes of Yan and Liu are towering, with some characteristics of horizontal, thin and vertical. In the Ming Dynasty, between Qin Long and Wanli, it changed from Song style to Ming style, with fine strokes and square fonts. It turned out that at that time, a kind of Hongwu style with thin horizontal and thick vertical was popular among the people, and this font was used for the title cards of official posts, lanterns, notices, private stones, ancestral halls and other gods. Later, some book carvers created a non-face and non-European skin silhouette in the process of imitating Hongwu's style. Especially because the strokes of this font are horizontal and vertical, it is really easy to engrave. It is different from seal script, official script, original script and cursive script, unique, fresh and pleasing to the eye. Therefore, it has been widely used since16th century and has become a very popular main printing font. It's also called Song Style, and it's also called lead font. In Chinese characters, all kinds of fonts formed in different historical periods have their own distinctive artistic characteristics. For example, seal script is simple and elegant, official script is static and dynamic, rich in decoration, fast in cursive script, compact in structure, neat and beautiful in regular script, easy to read and write, practical, diverse in style and different in personality. The evolution of Chinese characters is from pictographic pictures to linear symbols, strokes adapted to brush writing and printed fonts convenient for carving. Its evolution provides rich inspiration for China's font design. In character design, if we can give full play to the characteristics and elegant demeanor of various fonts of Chinese characters, we will certainly be able to design exquisite works with ingenious application and unique conception. Since the unification of Qin Shihuang, China characters have gradually embarked on the road of development. China characters in different times have distinct and unique national and folk customs, and the history of China's characters is deeply engraved with the wisdom and hard work of China people. However, now some people know little about their own language, but their enthusiasm for other languages is still half-toned. Words are the soul of a country. In order to understand the changes, history and soul of the motherland, we chose this topic. With the development of Chinese characters, after China was unified by Qin Dynasty, Chinese characters were constantly simplified and sorted out, which made them gradually standardized. The development of Chinese characters can be roughly divided into four stages: ancient prose, seal script, official script and regular script. Among them, seal script is divided into big seal script and small seal script; Lishu is different from Qin Lishu and Lishu. It can be seen that any new font in history has been gradually formed through long-term evolution. Generally speaking, after the formation of regular script, China characters have been basically finalized (table 1).

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Historical information of Chinese characters

I helped you find the information from Baidu: Chinese characters from the ancient legend of Cangjie word-making to the discovery of Oracle Bone Inscriptions more than 100 years ago, China scholars have been trying to uncover the mystery of the origin of Chinese characters. Regarding the origin of Chinese characters, there are many sayings in China ancient literature, such as "knot rope theory", "gossip theory", "picture theory" and "calligraphy contract theory". Ancient books also generally recorded the legend of Cang Xie, the historian of the Yellow Emperor who created Chinese characters. Modern scholars believe that systematic writing tools cannot be completely created by one person. If Cang Xie really exists, he should be a text organizer or publisher. The earliest symbols were carved more than 8000 years ago. In recent decades, China's archaeological community has published a series of unearthed materials related to the origin of Chinese characters, which are earlier than Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Anyang Yin Ruins. These materials mainly refer to the carved or painted symbols that appeared on pottery in the late primitive society and early historical society, and also include a few symbols engraved on Oracle Bone Inscriptions, jade and stone tools. It can be said that they together provide a new basis for explaining the origin of Chinese characters. Wang, a doctoral supervisor of Zhengzhou University, made a systematic investigation and comparison of the carving symbols on pottery pieces unearthed from more than 100 archaeological sites in China, and thought that the earliest carving symbols in China appeared in Jiahu site in Wuyang, Henan Province, with a history of more than 8,000 years. As a professional worker, he tried to comprehensively sort out these original materials by comprehensively using scientific methods such as archaeology, ancient Chinese character configuration, comparative philology, scientific archaeology and high-tech means, so as to compare some clues about the occurrence and development of Chinese characters before Shang Dynasty. However, the situation is not so simple. In addition to the existing small-scale data of Zhengzhou Shangcheng site and Xiaoshuangqiao site (in recent years, more than 10 cases of Zhu Shutao's early characters of Shang Dynasty have been found), other symbols before Shang Dynasty are scattered and lack of contact with each other, and most of them are out of touch with Shang Dynasty characters. There are also some symbols with heavy regional colors and complex backgrounds. One of the most commonly used 500 Chinese characters is that there is no harmony between people. I want them to use it when they are born, and they can be grouped when they come out. You can also work together every year, and after thirteen periods, you can learn the law. People have to go through the same period of time, and the electricity at home is as high as water, which increases the reality of small things. Both of these systems should make the viewpoint of practice necessary, and good sex should be combined for other reasons. If you are right, you can clearly see the original profit ratio or the first direction of quality and gas. This change only left an unsolved mystery. Those who have great feelings for the construction of the moon came to the forefront and raised this question. The five fruits of the party exhibition have been replaced by ordinary defective products, and the long-term demand for the basic capital of the elderly and the flow of roads is less than that of the mountains. It is best to watch the group. At the root of the horn period, the farmer refers to several nine districts, first forcing the west to fight and then defending the south. The technique is extremely closed, the six rights are recognized, the certificate is clear, and it becomes beautiful. It's easier to cut the wind, teach glistening, and bring a car with you. It's really necessary to keep an eye on all the ways to achieve the goal, to argue with voices, to report to the end of the class, to leave China, to be famous, to be talented, to be honest, to be honest, to be honest, to be honest. The family dimension is marked with the words "Stay ready, kiss and go". In Wang's view, the Chinese character system with strict iron price was formally formed in the Central Plains. Chinese characters are a writing system of independent origin, independent of any foreign language. However, its origin is not single. After many times and long-term running-in, probably in the early summer, our ancestors creatively invented the writing symbol system of recording language on the basis of extensively absorbing and using early symbols. At that time, the Chinese character system matured rapidly. According to reports, according to the written materials unearthed from archaeological excavations, China had a formal written language at least in the Xia Dynasty. For example, in recent years, archaeologists found the word "Wen" for writing brush and bamboo calligraphy on a flat pottery jar unearthed from Taosi site in Xiangfen, Shanxi. These symbols belong to the basic configuration in the early writing system, but unfortunately such unearthed writing materials are still rare. Characters first matured in Shang Dynasty. As far as the written materials of Yin and Shang dynasties are concerned, there are many kinds of written carriers. At that time, in addition to writing on simplified Chinese characters with a brush, other main writing methods were carved on tortoise shells and animal bones, and pottery, jade and Tao Zhu were carved on bronzes. Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze ritual vessels used in Yin Ruins are the earliest mature written materials found in China. The Shang dynasty characters reflected in Yin Ruins are not only reflected in the large number of characters and rich materials, but also in the way of creating characters that has formed its own characteristics and laws. The structural characteristics of basic characters in Shang Dynasty can be divided into four categories: based on the physical characteristics of human body and a certain part of human body; Based on labor creation and labor object; Taking the images of animals and livestock as the basis of word formation; Taking natural images as the basis of word formation. Judging from the cultural connotation of the configuration, the objects selected by these early mature hieroglyphs are quite close to the social life of our ancestors and have strong realistic characteristics. At the same time, the content described by these hieroglyphs involves all levels of people and nature, so it also has the characteristics of extensive sources of configuration. 1. Oracle bone inscriptions, written in Shang Dynasty, are only used by a few Abu historians. Mainly carved on the tortoise shell bone with a knife. Because the tortoise shell bone is hard, the strokes are mainly straight and rarely round. Because Oracle Bone Inscriptions was carved with a sharp knife, the lines were thin and even. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the earliest Chinese character, which has the characteristics of early Chinese characters: strong imagery, no stereotyped writing, different sizes and great randomness. 2. Jinwen Jinwen, also known as Zhong Dingwen, prevailed in the Western Zhou Dynasty. This is a kind of writing carved on bronze wares. The shape and structure of bronze inscriptions are similar to those of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Because the inscriptions on bronzes are carved on a mold and then cast, it is easier to write. Therefore, its strokes are characterized by rounded shape and uniform size. Compared with Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the pictograph is lower, and the stereotyped characters are improved, but there are more variants. 3. There are two kinds of seal script: big seal script and small seal script. Dazhuan is a kind of writing in Zhou Xuanwang in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, also known as Wen Shu. During the Warring States Period, Shi Guwen and Zhou Xuanwang used a literacy textbook, Literacy Articles. The physical features are generally consistent with the inscriptions on bronze, with the characteristics of many strokes. Xiao Zhuan is a unified font issued when the same writing policy was implemented in Qin Dynasty. Li Si and others revised the font after finishing the text. Because it is a unified font issued by the government, after finishing and simplifying, the variant characters are greatly reduced, and the font is rectangular, which lays the foundation for the "square characters" of Chinese characters. Xiao Zhuan's strokes are more symmetrical and neat, the lines are even in thickness, more rounded, more symbolic, and the meaning of the picture disappears greatly. Because Xiao Zhuan is simplified on the basis of Da Zhuan, it is generally said that Xiao Zhuan is a simplification of Da Zhuan. 4. Lishu Lishu originated in the Qin Dynasty and prevailed in the Han Dynasty. The parallel of official script and seal script in Qin dynasty is a convenient font for official document copying by official script. Small seal script is difficult to write and can't meet the needs of official documents in Qin dynasty, so it is often used in more formal occasions. In order to write conveniently and quickly, Li Shu changed the circle of Xiao Zhuan into a straight stroke with square folds. Change the vertical cohesion structure style of Biography to horizontal extension; At this time, the official script has become a Chinese character symbol that is no longer pictographic. Official script has greatly changed the font of Chinese characters, so "official script change" has become the boundary between ancient and modern Chinese characters. The Chinese characters before Xiao Zhuan are ancient Chinese characters. Their common characteristics are strong pictograph and poor rigidity. Chinese characters are composed of lines, without any word-formation element-strokes. The Chinese characters after Lishu are modern Chinese characters. Nowadays, Chinese characters are characterized by strong symbolism and stereotypes, and the characters are composed of limited types of strokes. The official script of Han Dynasty replaced Xiao Zhuan as a formal writing form, also known as "Han Li". Han Li's writing styles are diverse. First, Fang Bi is the main one, such as Zhang Qianbei; One is mainly round pens, such as Cao Quanbei. 5 Lishu Lishu basically evolved from seal script, mainly changing the round strokes of seal script into square folds, which makes writing faster, and it is difficult to draw round strokes when writing with pigments on wooden slips. Official script is also called "official character" and "ancient book". It is a font produced on the basis of seal script to meet the needs of convenient writing. The seal script is simplified, and the uniform circle lines of the seal script are changed into straight strokes, which is convenient for writing. Official script can be divided into "Qin Li" (also called "Guli") and "Han Li" (also called "Golden Calendar"). The appearance of official script is a great change in ancient writing and calligraphy. Official script is a common solemn font in Chinese characters, with a slightly flat writing effect, long horizontal drawing and short straight drawing, and pays attention to "swallow tail of silkworm head" and "twists and turns". It originated in the Qin Dynasty and reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Calligraphy is known as "Han Li Tang Kai". It is also said that official script originated in the Warring States period. Official script is relative to seal script, and its name originated from the Eastern Han Dynasty. The appearance of official script is another great change of China characters, which brings China's calligraphy art into a new realm, is a turning point in the development history of Chinese characters, and lays the foundation for regular script. Official script is flat, neat and exquisite. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, stippling such as skimming was beautified as upward provocation, with different degrees of severity and artistic beauty of calligraphy. Styles also tend to be diversified, which is of great artistic appreciation value. According to legend, the official script was compiled by Cheng Miao, who was not in Qin State, in prison. By eliminating complexity and simplifying, the font becomes round and square, and the strokes become straight. Changing "Lian Bi" into "broken pen" and changing lines into strokes makes writing more convenient. "Li Ben" is not a prisoner, but a petty official, that is, a small official in charge of documents, so in ancient times, official script was called "Zuo Shu". Lishu prevailed in Han Dynasty and became the main style of calligraphy. As a start-up Qin Li, seal script has many meanings, and it has been continuously developed and processed. It broke the writing tradition since the Zhou and Qin Dynasties and gradually laid the foundation for regular script. Under the unification of the thought of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", the official script of the Han Dynasty gradually developed into the dominant script, and at the same time, cursive script, regular script and running script were derived, laying the foundation for art. Regular script is also called official script, or real script. Its characteristics are: square shape, straight strokes, can be used as a model, hence the name. Began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. There are many famous regular script writers, such as Ou Ti (Ou Yangxun), Yu Ti (Yu Shinan), Yan Ti (Yan Zhenqing), Liu Ti (Liu Gongquan) and Zhao Ti (attached). In the early days, there were few official handwriting, the structure was slightly wider, the horizontal painting was long and the vertical painting was short. In Wei Jinzhong handed down from ancient times, such as Zhong You's "Declaration Form" (left), "List of Recommended Seasons", Wang Xizhi's "Le Yi Lun" and "Huang Ting Jing" can all be regarded as representative works. Look at its characteristics, as Weng Fanggang said: "Change the wave painting of official script, pick it up, and still keep the vertical of official script." After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the north and the south were divided, and calligraphy was also divided into two factions. The calligraphy style of the Northern School has inherited the legacy of Han Li. Its brushwork is simple and rigorous, but its style is simple and rigorous, so it is called "Weibei". Southern calligraphy is more sparse and beautiful than letters. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, because of regional differences, personal habits and book styles were very different. The books in the North are strong and the books in the South are rich, each of which is wonderful and inseparable, while Bao and Kang Youwei highly admire the books of the two dynasties, especially the epitaphs of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Kang cited ten beauties to emphasize the advantages of Weibei. Regular script in the Tang Dynasty, like the prosperity of the national situation in the Tang Dynasty, is really unprecedented. Calligraphy style is mature, and calligraphers come forth in large numbers. In terms of regular script, Yu Shinan, Ou Yangxun, Chu Suiliang in the early Tang Dynasty, Yan Zhenqing in the middle Tang Dynasty and Liu Gongquan in the late Tang Dynasty all regarded his regular script works as models of calligraphy. 8 cursive script: a style of Chinese characters. Formed in the Han Dynasty, it evolved on the basis of official script for the convenience of writing. There are Cao Zhang, Cao Jin and Crazy Grass. There are rules to follow in the changes of strokes, such as the urgent chapter of the Three Kingdoms Wu in Songjiang Edition. Today's grass is eclectic and fluent, and its representative works include Wang Xizhi's "The First Moon" and Jin Dynasty's "Getting Time". Mad grass appeared in the Tang Dynasty, represented by Zhang Xu and Huai Su, and its brushwork was wild and uninhibited, which became an artistic creation completely divorced from practicality. From then on, cursive script was only the works of calligraphers imitating Cao Zhang, Cao Jin and Kuangcao. Masterpieces such as Zhang Xu's Abdominal Pain Post and Huai Su's Autobiography Post. Cursive script is a font produced for the convenience of writing. It began in the early Han Dynasty. At that time, it was "Cao Li", that is, scribbled official script, which gradually developed into a kind of "Cao Zhang" with artistic value. At the end of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhi changed "Cao Zhang" to "modern grass", and the character style was formed in one fell swoop. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Xu and Huai Su developed into "weeds", with continuous strokes and changeable glyphs. A font between regular script and cursive script can be said to be cursive script or cursive script. It is to make up for the shortcomings of slow writing in regular script and illegible cursive script. The brushwork is not as sloppy as cursive script, and it is not required to be as correct as regular script. There are more methods of mold opening than cursive writing, which is called "mold opening". Cursive calligraphy is more than modular method, which is called "cursive calligraphy". Running script was produced in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

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What is the history and information about Chinese characters in China?

Before the Shang Dynasty, China had a saying that "calligraphy and painting are of the same origin" since ancient times. This is because the earliest source of words is pictures, and books and pictures are brothers, born from the same root, and have many internal relations. The origin of Chinese characters is the original painting, and primitive people express themselves in the form of "painting" in their lives. Slowly changed from the original picture to "ideographic symbol" [2] Jia Hu Carvings More than 8,000 years ago, a number of carvings (9000-7800 years ago) were unearthed at Jiahu Site in Wuyang, Henan Province, which were called Jia Hu Carvings. Some scholars think it's just lettering, while others think it's writing. Tsung i Jao, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, made an in-depth study of Jia Hu's inscriptions and proposed that "Jia Hu's inscriptions provide brand-new information for the key issue of the origin of Chinese characters". Ge, an archaeologist in the history department of Peking University, also thinks that "these symbols should be a kind of writing". The article The Earliest Use of Characters and Symbols in 7000 BC in China, Henan and Jia Hu, co-authored by Zhang Zhongzhu and Professor Li Xueqin, was published in the British magazine Ancient, which attracted the attention of some domestic and foreign media, and interested foreign scholars also discussed it on the website of Science. An Analysis of Cai and Zhang Juzhong's Brilliant Dawn of Chinese Civilization —— Also on the divinatory symbols [1] discovered by Jia Hu in Wuyang: in the inscription of Jiahu 2 1, the recognized 1 1 belongs to the divinatory symbols reflecting the images of Li Li and Kun in the Yi Studies. More than 630 carved symbols were found in the Shuangdun site in Bengbu more than 7,000 years ago, which is very rare and amazing among domestic and foreign cultural relics in the same period. The types and richness of symbols are unmatched by other sites in the same period. The function of double pier lettering can be divided into three categories: ideographic, stamping and counting. From October 24th to 25th, 2009 10, more than 30 famous experts and scholars at home and abroad gathered in Bengbu to discuss "the sculpture symbols of Shuangdun site in Bengbu and the origin of early civilization". Many experts attending the meeting agreed that the lettering of Shuangdun reflected the way of life of the early ancestors of Shuangdun, and already possessed the nature of the original characters, which was one of the sources of Chinese characters [3]. Banpo Pottery Symbols There are twenty or thirty kinds of carved symbols on the edge of the pot mouth belonging to Banpo site of Yangshao culture 6,000 years ago, that is, Banpo Pottery Symbols, which are considered as "some simple characters produced in the origin stage of characters", and some of them are numbers. Qingdun engraving belongs to the Qingdun site of Liangzhu culture in Jiangsu province in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It has a digital sculpture of 5000 years ago. Qiao Zhuang's epitaph belongs to Qiao Zhuang, Zhejiang Province, and belongs to Liangzhu culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. That was 5000 years ago, and some words were connected into sentences. Oracle Bone Inscriptions Oracle Bone Inscriptions refers to the symbols carved on animal bones-hieroglyphics or graphic characters, which are found in Shandong (Chifeng, Guanzhong and other places) and are the earliest recognizable characters in China. In 2005, Professor Fengjun Liu, a famous archaeologist and director of the Institute of Fine Arts and Archaeology of Shandong University, discovered and named it "Bone Carving", and determined that the carving tool was agate and other acute-angle gems, which were formed between 2600 BC and 1300 BC and were popular characters in Longshan culture period. Since the end of 20 10, Ding Zaixian, a famous scholar and full-time vice president of Shandong Tourism Industry Association, has successfully deciphered Oracle bone inscriptions systematically, and comprehensively discussed the inheritance relationship between Oracle bone inscriptions and modern Chinese characters from the aspects of the source and structure of characters. Taosi Temple is located in Taosi Site in Zhu Wen, Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province. According to radiocarbon dating and correction, its age is about 2500 BC ~ BC 1900 BC. 1984, archaeologists found a fragment of a flat pot at Taosi site. The stubble around the debris was painted red, and there were two big characters on the debris, one of which was "Wen" and the other was interpreted by experts in many ways. Zhu Naicheng, a researcher at the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and director of the Information Center, said that Zhu Wenshu was earlier than Oracle Bone Inscriptions 1500 years [4]. Su Zeng, an archaeologist, commented: "Taosi culture not only reached a higher stage of the" national party "era than Hongshan Culture's later society, but also established its central position at that time, which was equivalent to the Yao and Shun era in ancient history, that is, the earliest" China "in the pre-Qin historical records, which laid the foundation for China." Yicheng County, located in the southeast of Xiangfen County, is a descendant of the legendary Tang Tao Tang Yao. [3] Shuishu in the Xia Dynasty There are 24 Shuishu characters on the pottery unearthed from Erlitouxia site in Yanshi, Luoyang City, Henan Province. A more eclectic view is that China characters "formed a relatively complete writing system" in the middle and late Xia Dynasty 4,000 years ago. Of course, this is not a recognized view, because there are few words unearthed in the Xia Dynasty. The period of Yin Shang Dynasty was about14th century BC, and it was the late period of Yin Shang Dynasty. "Ideographic symbol" evolved into a relatively stereotyped "Oracle Bone Inscriptions". This is considered to be the first form of Chinese characters. The characters carved on the tortoise shell of animal bones and found in Yin ruins are considered as the direct ancestors of "modern Chinese characters", which can prove the continuation of Chinese civilization. For thousands of years, Middle Easterners have been unable to read the hieroglyphics of their ancestors. Only modern people in China can understand some "Oracle Bone Inscriptions" in Shang Dynasty. The words on these tortoise shells were originally used to predict good luck or bad luck. Ancient people thought that if some problems about diseases, dreams, hunting, weather, etc. were carved on tortoise shells, and then tortoise shells and animal bones were burned, then the cracks could be judged by fortune tellers according to the shapes and directions of these cracks. This is the ancestor of the modern Chinese character "Oracle Bone Inscriptions". Up to now, there are more than 5,000 species of "Oracle Bone Inscriptions". And there are more than 1000 kinds that can be interpreted. Bronzes were widely used in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the words carved on bronze Zhong Ding and stone drums were "inscriptions on bronze". Also known as Zhong Dingwen and Shi Guwen. Legend has it that it was written by Taishi Gong of Zhou Xuanwang. Up to now, the Palace Museum has ten Zhou Dynasty stone drums engraved with ten four-character poems. Because the feudal regime was fragmented, the words were different. Until the Qin dynasty. Qin Shihuang unified China. To unify the text. During the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shihuang unified writing and measurement. His outstanding achievement was Li Si, the prime minister at that time. Li Si collected and sorted out the characters at that time, and then simplified and beautified them. The unified characters were called Xiao Zhuan, also known as Qin Zhuan. At this time, there are almost no hieroglyphs in the text. The writing of Xiao Zhuan in Qin Dynasty was too standard and slow, so many simple fonts appeared among the people. This font is characterized by changing the circle of "Xiao Zhuan" into a square. The tune of Xiao Zhuan was straightened and some radicals were separated, which was called Qin Li. During the Han Dynasty, official script was very popular. Qin Li did not completely get rid of the structural characteristics of Xiao Zhuan, and it was basically square, while Han Li gave full play to the role of a brush, with the twists and turns of "a silkworm's head and a goose's tail", making it easy to write. This kind of official script was popular in the Western Han Dynasty. Call it "Han Li". When Han Li was popular in the Han Dynasty, regular script was still in its infancy. It was very popular in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi in Jin Dynasty were the real founders of regular script. At the same time, they absorbed the round strokes of seal script, retained the square straightness of official script, and removed the "dovetail". The structure of Chinese characters is generally fixed. At that time, it was called "true calligraphy", and later generations renamed it "orthodox calligraphy" because it was used as a model for learning calligraphy. [4] Regular script was particularly popular in the Tang Dynasty. Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun and other calligraphers were outstanding figures at that time, and their calligraphy works are still studied as models. The origin of "cursive script", such as running script or other characters, is uncertain when it began. According to historical records, "During the Warring States Period, Chu Huaiwang made Qu Yuan a constitutional order, but the draft was not on the table. Shangguanshi saw it and wanted to take it away. Gaicaoshu started from the ancestor [1]. " Therefore, cursive script originated from cursive script, indicating that cursive script was formed in the Warring States period. Because the font started from cursive script, in order to play the role of sketching, it is omitted and scribbled, so it can't be written neatly, just as the name suggests. But this cursive script can only be said to be the draft of the ancient seal script (the font used at that time). The real cursive script began in the early Han Dynasty, and its evolution process should be "Cao Zhang", "Modern Grass" and "Crazy Grass".