Manchu farmers living in three northeastern provinces and Hebei Province are mainly engaged in agriculture, planting agricultural products and cash crops such as soybeans, sorghum, corn, tobacco, apples and tussah, as well as mountain specialties such as ginseng, mushrooms and fungus.
Manchu in the cities of the three northeastern provinces are mainly engaged in industry and commerce, and Manchu scattered all over the country are mainly workers and intellectuals.
Manchu has its own language and writing. Manchu belongs to Manchu branch of Manchu-Tungusic language family of Altai language family. Manchu was founded at the end of 16 after Nurhachi unified the northeast ministries.
As an official language, Manchu was once widely used in the whole country, leaving a large number of files. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, Manchu was gradually abandoned, but in today's Chinese in Northeast China and Beijing, there are still a lot of Manchu phonetics and vocabulary.
In the long-term historical development, a custom culture with national characteristics has been formed. The customs of Manchu at the age of 20 are mostly similar to those of Han nationality, but they have maintained many Manchu characteristics.
Extended data:
Manchu is a nation that is good at absorbing foreign cultures, integrating and innovating, and has formed a custom culture with national characteristics in the historical development.
According to historical records, there are more than 600 Manchu surnames, second only to the Han nationality among all ethnic groups in China. Manchu people call their surnames Hala. At first, Ahala was a Mukun (family). Later, with the population doubling, the family branched and was stationed in other places, and several new Mukun were differentiated.
After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, influenced by Mongols, Jurchen took their surnames by their first names. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, many Manchu flag bearers adopted Chinese characters as their surnames, influenced by the cultural customs of the Han nationality. For example, Guarga was renamed Guan in transliteration, Niu Kelu was renamed Lang (Wolf) in free translation, Ilgen Jueluo was also named Min Jueluo, and Han was renamed Zhao.
There are also surnames with Manchu transliteration initials, such as Tong Family for short, Ma Family for short, and Tu, De, Da, Bao, Hu, A, Zhao, Bu and other surnames. Most of them use Chinese characters to abbreviate the original Manchu surnames.
In this regard, the Qing rulers were very dissatisfied and banned it many times, but it didn't have much effect. After the Revolution of 1911, most Manchu people generally used or changed their Chinese surnames, so that others did not know that they were Manchu, so that many Manchu people no longer knew their old surnames today.
Manchu ancestors lived in mountainous areas for a long time and advocated riding and shooting. When a baby is born, he hangs a bow and arrow in front of the door, which symbolizes that he will become an excellent shooter in the future. When the boy was six or seven years old, he practiced shooting mandarin fish with wooden bows and arrows. When he was a little older, he rode a horse and galloped in the mountains with arrows.
Women whip like men. Bows and arrows and deerskin clothes are necessary for girls to get married. When they get married, they should put bows and arrows on the table. As soon as the car came in, the groom shot three arrows.
Manchu men keep their hair at the back of their heads and their braids hang down behind them. After the Qing dynasty entered the customs, it was forced to spread all over the country. Women's hair styles are the same as those of boys when they were young, slightly longer and with braids at the back of their heads. When you get married, open your face and have curly hair. Usually the bun is tied on the top of the head, with a shelf head and two first-class hairstyles.
Men's robes and robes are split on both sides, and the belt is convenient for riding and shooting. Among them, "Arrow Sleeve" (Manchu: Wow-Ha) is a semi-circular sleeve head, connected with a narrow cuff, shaped like a horseshoe, commonly known as "horseshoe sleeve". When hunting or fighting in winter, it is usually rolled up and put down to keep out the cold. Putting down your sleeves later became a prescribed action in Qing etiquette.
Young women wear wide straight cheongsam, feet, flower shoes, flowerpot bottom and boat bottom. After entering the customs, Manchu and Han costumes gradually became consistent. The waistcoat worn by men is still in use today, while the cheongsam worn by women is constantly evolving, and now it has become the representative of traditional women's costumes in China.
Manchu food is also very distinctive. "Man-Han banquet" is a fine product of the integration of Manchu and Chinese cuisine. During the Qianlong period, there were more than 100 dishes at the Manchu-Han banquet.
In daily life, Manchu people like to eat millet, yellow rice and yellow rice cake (bean curd), and they also eat "Ajigebo" (jiaozi) on festivals.
For dinner on New Year's Eve, we eat boiled pork, roasted pork and Manchu-specific cakes, such as "Saqima" which still exists today. Today, jiaozi, hot pot, sauerkraut and Beijing-style cakes in northern China are all related to Manchu food culture.
People's Network-Manchu from "White Mountain and Black Water"