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Junior Middle School History: Why the Balkan Peninsula is a "powder keg"?
The Balkan Peninsula is located in the southeast of Europe, where Europe, Asia and Africa meet. It not only controls the gateway to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, but also controls the route to the Indian Ocean. It has a very important strategic position and rich natural resources. Since14th century, this region has been under the colonial rule and slavery of Turkey. Therefore, the people of all ethnic groups in the Balkans urgently demand to get rid of Turkey's slavery and establish an independent nation-state. In addition, at the beginning of the 20th century, with the gradual decline of the Turkish Empire, Turkey, which has not yet been carved up, and the Balkan Peninsula under its rule became an important goal of imperialist carving up. So there have always been complicated contradictions here. There are contradictions among imperialist powers, between the people of all ethnic groups in the Balkans and imperialism, between the people of the Balkans and the feudal rulers of Turkey, and between Balkan countries and nations. All these contradictions, especially those between big powers, have led to frequent disputes, conflicts and wars in the Balkans.

1912 from March to August, four independent countries, Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro, successively formed an anti-Turkish alliance, namely the Balkan Union. Subsequently, the imperialist countries intervened for their own aggressive purposes. Russia, Britain and France are on the side of the Balkan Union, while Germany and Austria support Turkey. This further complicates the situation in the Balkans. On June+10, 5438, the allied countries declared war on Shanghai one after another, and the first Balkan War broke out. At the end of the war, Turkey was defeated and made peace. In the same year, the four Balkan countries held talks with Turkey in London in June+February, 5438. Due to the intervention of two imperialist groups, the negotiations between the warring parties dragged on and off for several months. Until 19 13 May 30th, the London Peace Treaty was signed: Turkey's territory in Europe was divided into Balkan Union countries except Istanbul and a small area nearby; Recognize Albania's independence. For Balkan countries, the First Balkan War was a just national liberation war.

European leaders tried to control the Balkan crisis.

However, after the first Balkan War, due to the provocation of various imperialists, there were serious differences in the distribution of achievements within the Balkan Union. Serbia and Greece were very dissatisfied with Bulgaria's acquisition of most of the land in Macedonia and Thrace, so Serbia and Greece signed an anti-Bulgarian alliance treaty on June 19 13, and Romania subsequently joined. Russia wants to use this alliance against Germany and Austria, so it supports it. Austria-Hungary supported Bulgaria to deal with Russia. 1965438+On June 29th, 2003, Bulgaria, egged on by the Austro-Hungarian Empire, pre-emptively provoked the Second Balkan War.

The Second Bayu War was an unjust dynasty war for territory. As a result, Bulgaria was defeated by the allies of Serbia, Greece, Romania, Yemen and Turkey. On August 10, the two sides signed a peace treaty in Bucharest. Bulgaria not only lost most of the land it got from Turkey in the First Balkan War, but also lost some of its original land.

In the two Balkan wars, both warring sides had imperialist support behind them. Therefore, the Balkan War actually reflected the contradictory struggle between the two imperialist aggression groups. After the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria actively took refuge in the German-Austrian Group for "revenge". Serbia, Greece and Romania have strengthened their ties with their allies. In this way, the struggle between the two aggressive groups for the Balkan Peninsula and the contradictions between Balkan countries became more intense and complicated, and eventually became the focus of imperialist contradictions and the powder magazine of Europe. Subsequently, the war of the First World War started.