16 16 years, Nuerhachi, the leader of the Jurchen Department of Jianzhou, established the late Jin Dynasty. 1636, Huang taiji changed his country name to Daqing. 1644, Dashun captured Beijing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty, and Wu Sangui, the general of the Ming Dynasty stationed in Shanhaiguan, was sent to Qing Dynasty. Regent Dourgen led the Qing army into the customs, and the emperor shunzhi moved the capital to Beijing in the same year. Since then, the Qing Dynasty has replaced the Ming Dynasty as the national ruler.
Militarily, in the following twenty years, the forces of Dashun, Daxi and Nanming were put down. Later, the rebellion in San Francisco was pacified, Zheng Taiwan Province Province was unified, and the whole country was gradually controlled.
Kang Yong's three dynasties reached their peak. During this period, all aspects of China society reached the acme under the original institutional framework, with the greatest reform, the strongest national strength, social stability, rapid economic development, rapid population growth and vast territory. The unified multi-ethnic country was consolidated, and the rulers of the Qing Dynasty incorporated Xinjiang and Tibet into the territory and implemented the policy of changing soil into water in the southwest.
Finally, the territory of modern China was determined, and the integrity of the country's territorial sovereignty was actively safeguarded. But feudal autocracy also reached its peak. In the middle and late period, due to political rigidity, cultural autocracy, closed door, ideological imprisonment, scientific and technological stagnation and other factors, it gradually fell behind the West.
After the Opium War, it was invaded by foreign powers and its sovereignty and territory were seriously lost. It also began the exploration of modernization and started the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of 1898. The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China further deepened the national crisis, and the late Qing Dynasty was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
19 1 1 year, the revolution of 1911 broke out and the Qing dynasty collapsed. 19 12 February 12 On February 2, Yuan Shikai, a northern warlord, forced the late Qing emperor Puyi to abdicate, and the Jade Dragon Queen accepted the preferential terms, and the Qing emperor issued a letter of abdication, thus ending the Qing Dynasty. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, restoration forces always existed, such as zhang xun restoration and the Puppet Manchukuo. At the end of World War II, the Soviet Red Army sent troops to the northeast, and the puppet Manchukuo completely perished.
Extended data:
In the process of marching into the south of the Yangtze River, the Qing army burned, killed and looted, which aroused the strong resistance of the people in the south of the Yangtze River, especially the implementation of the haircut order, which ignited a raging fire against the Qing Dynasty in various places. 1659, the Qing army occupied southwest China. By moving the population of Huguang into Sichuan to supplement the shortage of labor force, it is regarded as the second time in history that "Huguang fills Sichuan".
The policy of enclosure fees formulated by the Qing court made people give up their land and increased more refugees. Therefore, the escape law prohibiting slaves from escaping was enacted, which intensified the ethnic contradictions in the Gyeonggi area. Later, the Qing court ordered to stop these policies and implement the policy of rewarding cultivation and reducing taxes. And officially opened a collection of scholars, worshiping the emperor and the loyal ministers of the Ming Dynasty.
After Li Zicheng's death, the rest of Dashun Army joined forces with He Tengjiao, Governor of Nanming Huguang, and Governor of Hubei to fight against Qing Dynasty. 1647, the Qing army was defeated in Quanzhou, and almost recovered the whole territory of Hunan in the following year. Jin Shenghuan in Jiangxi and Li Chengdong in Guangzhou. Anyway, the first climax of the anti-Qing struggle appeared. However, the Li Yong regime could not unite against the enemy, which gave the Qing army a breathing space.
From 1649 to 1650, He Tengjiao and Qu Shiyi died successively. 1652, Li Dingguo led 80,000 troops out of Guangxi and down to Guilin. It also invaded Hunan and Guangdong. "The two great kings shook the world." Liu Wenxiu also attacked Sichuan and recovered southern Sichuan. Zhang Huangyan and other anti-Qing troops along the southeast coast also launched attacks, and the anti-Qing struggle reached its climax again.
At this time, the conflict between Sun Kewang and Li Dingguo broke out, which destroyed the good situation. After Sun Kewang voted for the Qing Dynasty, the actual situation of Yungui was known to the Qing army. Due to the powerful anti-Qing forces in South China, the Qing emperor conferred titles on Wu Sangui, Geng Zhongming and Shang Kexi to guard Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong and Fujian, known as San Francisco in history. 1658, Wu Sangui led the Qing army into Yunnan. 1662, Li Yong was killed and Nanming was destroyed.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dynasty (Chinese historical dynasty)