What is Spring and Autumn Justice?

The spirit of China people.

The value orientation of China's philosophy in Confucianism; Confucian views, choices and comments on social values, ethics and social etiquette. Its essence is a set of behavioral norms and the ideological principles behind it when individuals interact with others and the surrounding environment in the social life of the group.

Based on scientific principles, there is no necessary and logically arguable causal relationship between these codes of conduct and the ideological principles behind them; At the same time, there is not really a set of quantitative and clearly defined code of conduct, and its ideological principles are not accurately and completely defined (so it is not scientific). Not modern philosophy, modern philosophy has been scientific. It can be understood as a set of ancient philosophy and its guidance to real life.

Historical origin

According to legend, Confucius (55 BC1-479 BC) compiled a history book from the first year of Luyin (722 BC) to the fourteenth year of Lu Aigong (48 BC1), and this chronicle is called Spring and Autumn Annals. * * * Historical events in 242 years, about 15000 words. The chronology of Chunqiu is very concise, close to the chronology of major events.

Later (or possibly at the same time), Zuo Zhuan appeared. Zuozhuan, also known as Chunqiu Zuozhuan or Zuoshi Chunqiu, began in 722 BC and ended in 27 years (468 BC). Zuo Zhuan is about 6.5438+0.8 million words, and it is also a chronological history book, which records 6.5438+07 years more than Spring and Autumn Annals, and the historical materials are much more than Spring and Autumn Annals. However, later, Confucian scholars thought that Zuo Zhuan was a work to interpret the classics of Spring and Autumn Annals, so Du Yu in the Western Jin Dynasty rearranged them, listed the classics of Spring and Autumn Annals first, and then recorded them in chapters. Since then, Zuo Zhuan's true colors have disappeared. Records of the Historian and Records of Han Art and Literature are considered to be written by Zuo Qiuming, a contemporary of Confucius.

Confucius started the wind of private learning. Because Chunqiu is very concise, it is necessary to explain its wording and historical significance in teaching. In the Han Dynasty about 100 BC, the Biography of the Ram and the Biography of Gu Liang appeared, which focused on explaining the language and historical significance of the Spring and Autumn Annals. List the original text of Chunqiu first, and then explain it word by word and layer by layer. Biography of Gu Liang is relatively more faithful to the principle of recording historical facts, while Biography of Rams holds that Chunqiu is Confucius' expression of his political views through 242 years of historical events in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it contains "small words and great righteousness" everywhere. Sima Qian (BC 145? BC? In Historical Records Confucius Family, it is also said that Confucius wrote Spring and Autumn Annals not only to record historical events, but also to express his views on social reality and pin his social ideals with words that reflect a set of calligraphy. This is also the "righteousness" in Spring and Autumn Annals.

On the other hand, compared with the language prevailing in the Han Dynasty, the language used by Confucius in writing Chunqiu has been called "ancient prose". If there were no annotations, it would be difficult for ordinary literati at that time to understand. Therefore, when teaching Chunqiu, it is really necessary to give advice.

Justice in the Spring and Autumn Period —— "China People's Spirit"

An English book that tries to explain the spirit of China people to the western world and reveal the value of China civilization. The English title is "The Spirit of China People", which was first published by Beijing Daily on 19 15. The cover of the book is "Justice in the Spring and Autumn Period" in Chinese. This book had a great influence on the western world's understanding of China culture at that time. The author of this book is Gu Hongming.

Gu Hongming (A.D. 1857- A.D. 1928), whose real name is Tang Sheng, was born in an overseas Chinese family in Penang, Malaya. 13 years old to study in the west, 1 1 year to study in Britain, Germany, France, Italy and other countries. After returning to China, he worked as a foreign copywriter for the shogunate of Zhang Zhidong for a long time. In the late Qing Dynasty, he served as a doctor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the early Ming Dynasty, he was Professor Peking University. He is proficient in nearly ten languages such as English, German and French, and has written many books in English, which are often quoted by French and German writers, and Latin is the best.

Gu Hongming was very familiar with the social environment, current situation, social customs, cultural traditions and social atmosphere in China at that time, but he was not a master of Confucianism. The Great Justice in Spring and Autumn Annals actually describes, explains, expounds and appreciates China's cultural tradition with the thinking mode of the western world at that time. Therefore, the west usually thinks that this book is easy to understand and has its novelty and originality, but it is not very profound.

"To understand the real China people and China civilization, that person must be deep, broad and simple. Because the character of China people and the three characteristics of China civilization are deep, broad and simple. (deep, broad and simple)

China people and the characteristics of China civilization, in addition to the three I mentioned above, should also add one, and it is the most important one, that is, sensitivity. (delicious) "

This book has been translated into Chinese. ]

There is a saying in Justice in the Spring and Autumn Period:

"In fact, the words' science' and' logic' in European languages cannot be expressed in Chinese."

Fortunately, we have it today, and it has become a popular daily language.

If Justice in the Spring and Autumn Period is the core value of China's cultural civilization, then this book is far from achieving its goal. Maybe we shouldn't ask so much of people of that era.

About Confucius

Confucius' birthday:

"Confucius was born on Gengzi Day in October, the 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Lu."

5565438 BC+0 65438 BC+1Saturday, October 4th (julian calendar).

Saturday, September 28th, 5565438 BC +0 (Gregorian calendar)

October 27th, Geng Xu (Year of Dog) (Ordinary Year) (Lu calendar, Zhou calendar)

Geng Xu (Dog) Year (Normal Year) (Summer Calendar) August 27th.

Confucius died in:

"In the summer and April of the sixteenth year, Lu Aigong was ugly and Kong Qiu died."

Saturday, March 9, 479 BC (julian calendar)

Saturday, March 4, 479 BC (Gregorian calendar)

In Ren Xu (Year of Dog) (leap year), April 10 (Zhou Li Luli).