2. In China Yuan Dynasty, Kelpolo and his son used to travel between Italy and China as envoys, mainly for the needs of official etiquette and economic and cultural life, but they did not have the binding and political nature of international law contained in modern international relations. The long historical exchanges between Europe and China have evolved into international relations with modern significance. When the status of European national sovereign countries is established, it will enter the capitalist period;
3. The Portuguese first knocked on the gate of China with cannons (15 17), and then occupied Macau (156 1).
4. After the Spanish occupied the Philippines, they entered China on 1575, and repeatedly threatened to conquer China without 10,000 armed men.
5. 160 1 year, Dutch ships entered Guangzhou, then occupied Penghu, and 1642 occupied Taiwan Province Province.
6. 1637, the British fleet sailed into the Pearl River Estuary in China and was countered by the coastal defense battery in China.
7. The Russians invaded northeast China from 65438+ 1940. Under the resistance of China, the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu was signed in 1689. The relationship between Europe and China in this period can be seen as the European countries trying to bring ancient China with thousands of years of civilization into their "blood and fire" plunder under the background of the global expansion of European capitalism.