In the ancient history of China, the temple name originated from the Shang Dynasty and was established as early as the Shang Dynasty. The first king who has made great contributions to the country and is worthy of eternal sacrifice for future generations will especially catch up with the temple number to see the meaning of eternal sacrifice. From the Zhou Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty, temple names were abolished for nearly a thousand years. In the Han Dynasty, the temple name system was gradually restored, and it has been used for two thousand years since then. For the temple name of the emperor, it is usually the founding emperor who calls his ancestors, that is, Taizu or Gaozu. For example, Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, whose temple name was Taizu, that is, Emperor Hanzhao (Liu Bang was mistakenly called Emperor Gaozu because posthumous title was a Gaozu). As for Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin and Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, they were the founding emperors of Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty respectively. Since the temple name of the founding emperor is usually Taizu, the question is, as the founding emperor of Shu Han, why is Liu Bei the temple name? Liezu？ , not? Mao? And then what?
one
First of all, according to historical records such as the History of the Three Kingdoms, during the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, after unremitting efforts, Liu Bei successively won Jingzhou and Yizhou after Battle of Red Cliffs and established Shu Han. Later, because Guan Yu was killed, Liu Bei ignored the advice of his ministers and insisted on going to war with Wu. The result was defeated by Yiling, and finally Zhangwu died in Baidicheng in 223. At the age of 63, posthumous title Zhaolie was buried in Huiling. Therefore, for Liu Bei, as the first emperor of Shu Han, he did not use the name of the temple of Taizu or Gaozu, but the name of the temple of his ancestors. Why? In my opinion, this is mainly because the Shu Han established by Liu Bei is actually a continuation of the Han Dynasty, not a new feudal dynasty. Moreover, although people are used to calling it? Shu Han? However, for Shu Han himself, what is his country name? Han? .
two
In this respect, as far as Liu Bei himself is concerned, when he proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu in 22 1 AD, another Han Dynasty was established. In order to distinguish it from the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, it is called Shu Han or Han Ji. On this basis, since Shu Han was a continuation of the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, rather than a new feudal dynasty, it was naturally not suitable for Liu Bei, the founding emperor of Shu Han, to use the temple number of Taizu or Gaozu, that is, Liu Bang had already used the temple number of Taizu, and as for the temple number of Gaozu, it did not conform to Liu Bei's situation. In the ancient history of China, the founding emperors of Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty used the temple name of Gaozu. The reason is that those who can lay the foundation of the country, such as Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu of Sui Dynasty and Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, mainly rely on the strength of aristocratic families. Therefore, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty and Li Yuan both sealed the temple name of Taizu to their father or grandfather after their death.
three
In this respect, as far as Liu Bei is concerned, although he claims to be a descendant of Wang Jing of Zhongshan, he is even called Liu Huangshu. However, in fact, after Liu Bei was born, he was already down and out. That is to say, Liu Bei did not rely on the influence of any aristocratic family in the process of starting a business, which is very different from many princes such as Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu and Ma Chao. To sum up, neither Taizu nor Gaozu, nor the founding emperor Liu Bei, are suitable for adoption, so the ancestors were adopted as their temple names. In other words, although you can't use Taizu or Gaozu, after all, the ancestors also carry an ancestral word, which has already reflected your status as the founding emperor of Shu Han. It is worth noting that before Liu Bei, Liu Xiu, the Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty who founded the Eastern Han Dynasty, only used the temple name of a sai-jo. As we all know, Liu Xiu did achieve the goal of helping the Han Dynasty. However, because the Eastern Han Dynasty he founded still belongs to the Han Dynasty, he can only use the ancestor as the temple name.
Fourth,
So finally, for Liu Bei, with Liu Xiu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty as a precedent, it is natural to follow suit and take his ancestors as his temple name. Moreover, compared with the Eastern Han Dynasty established by Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, the Shu Han established by Liu Bei not only lived in a corner, but also never entered the Central Plains. Besides, among the three countries in Wei Shuwu, Shu Han was the first to die, that is, it existed for a short time and only experienced two emperors. Therefore, Liu Bei obviously can't complain about being able to use Meng Zu as the temple name. In addition, in the ancient history of China, in addition to Liu Bei, many emperors used the temple names of their ancestors, such as Li Yan, the ancestor of the later Tang Dynasty, Yang W, the ancestor of the Southern Wu Dynasty, Li Bian, the ancestor of the Later Liang Dynasty, Liu Yin, the ancestor of the Southern Han Dynasty, and Borzygitkin, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty. Also (after sealing) and so on. Judging from the time, Liu Bei, the ancestor of Han Lie, should be the first emperor to use this temple name.
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