20 19 summary of basic knowledge of tour guide qualification examination as a qualified tour guide, you should be familiar with the basic knowledge of tour guides. 20 19 what are the high-frequency test sites for the basic knowledge of tour guides? The Tour Guide Card Channel has compiled the "20 19 Tour Guide Qualification Examination Basic Knowledge High Frequency Test Site: Water Tourism Landscape in Scenic Spots" for you, hoping to help you prepare for the exam.
Tourist landscape in scenic waters
Key points and difficulties:
1, river landscape;
2. Typical scenic lake landscape;
3. Famous scenic waterfalls in Hunan;
4. Famous scenic springs in Hunan;
5. Types and typical representatives of scenic springs;
6. Typical marine landscape
The first lecture is about the landscape of scenic rivers and lakes.
First, the tourist landscape of Dahe Scenic Area:
1. Yangtze River
2. Yellow River
3. Lijiang River
4. Qiantang River
5. Grand Canal
Second, the scenic reach of the river.
Third, the scenic reach of Hunan.
Mengdonghe
Shi Tao mei Jiang (Lianyuan)
golden whip brook
Taohuajiang
Dongjiang river
Fourth, the scenic lake landscape.
1. Lake No.2 was built. Crater lake 3. Lake dammed 4. River path lake 5. Sea track 6. Glacial lake 7. Dismissed 8. Wind erosion lake 9. Artificial scenic lake 10. Hunan scenery lake
The second lecture is about scenic waterfalls, springs and ocean landscapes.
First, the scenic waterfall landscape
1. Types of scenic waterfalls:
1) According to the causes of waterfalls, it can be divided into
Structural Waterfalls: Hukou Waterfall of the Yellow River, Sandiequan Waterfall of Lushan Mountain, Jiaolong Waterfall of Taiwan Province and Dadieshui Waterfall of Lunan, Yunnan.
Weird Waterfalls: Diaoshuilou Waterfall in Jingbo Lake, Heilongjiang, Diexi Waterfall in Sichuan.
Erosion Waterfall: Xiaodeshui Waterfall in Yunnan
Karst Waterfall: Huangguoshu Waterfall in Guizhou
Hanging Valley Waterfall: Xiqiao Waterfall in Nanhai, Guangxi
2) According to the nature of waterfall water, it can be divided into
Intermittent waterfall
Two-color waterfall
A cool waterfall
Hot spring waterfall
3) According to the shape of waterfall slope, it can be divided into
A steep waterfall
Water curtain cave Falls
Multistage waterfall
Waterfalls, waterfalls, etc ;
4) According to the waterfall flow, flood and drought can be divided into
Perennial waterfall
Seasonal waterfall
Accidental waterfall
5) Other related classification methods
2. Famous scenic waterfalls
Huangguoshu Waterfall in Guizhou
Hukou Waterfall
Diaoshuilou Waterfall in Jingbo Lake, Heilongjiang Province
Sandiequan Waterfall in Lushan Mountain
Jiaolong pubu, Taiwan Province Province: the largest waterfall in Taiwan Province Province.
Nanyue Hengshan water curtain cave Waterfall
3. Hunan Scenic Waterfalls
The quicksand waterfall in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture
Wangcun Waterfall (Yongshun)
Baofeng Waterfall in Zhangjiajie (Wulingyuan District)
Suining Liuedong Waterfall
Jianghua Dalong Waterfall
Dongkeng Waterfall and Julian Waterfall in Taoyuan Cave, Zhuzhou.
Second, the spring landscape of the scenic spot
China's Liuquan said
The first spring: cold spring in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province
Er Quan: Huishan Spring in Huixi Park, Wuxi, Jiangsu.
Third Spring: Lu Yujing, Ershanmen, Huqiu, Suzhou, Jiangsu.
The fourth spring: Xiangxi River, under Yuxu Cave, Tanjiashan, No.4 Huali, Xiangxi Town, Zigui County, Hubei Province.
The fifth spring: cold spring, behind the broken beam temple in Huqiu, Suzhou, Jiangsu.
The sixth spring: Zhao Yinquan, located in the east of Guanyin Bridge in Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province.
1. Types of scenic springs
According to the water temperature can be divided into:
Cold Springs: Zhong Ling Spring in Zhenjiang, Yuquan Spring in Beijing, Baotu Spring in Jinan and Curtain Spring in Lushan Valley in Jiangxi.
Hot Springs: Nanjing Tangshan Hot Spring, Xi 'an Lishan Hot Spring, Ningxiang grey soup hot spring, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hot Spring, Guangdong Conghua Hot Spring, Taiwan Province Beitou Hot Spring and Heilongjiang Wudalianchi Yaoquan.
hot spring
Boiling spring water (water temperature higher than 80℃)
According to the chemical composition of spring water
mineral spring
Ordinary spring
2. Hunan Mingquan
Grey soup hot spring, Ningxiang: One of the three high-temperature compound hot springs in China, known as "the first spring in Xiaoxiang".
Changsha Baishajing was known as "rich in jade and sweet in water" more than 65,438+0,000 years ago, and it is one of the important famous springs in China.
Baihequan in Changsha has the reputation of "the first Xiangxi in Lushan Mountain".
Rucheng Hot Water Market Hot Spring is a natural hot spring with the highest water temperature and the largest flow in Hunan.
Third, the beautiful ocean landscape.
1. Enjoy the holiday scenery and sea view.
2. Tide-watching seascape
3. Underwater scenery marine landscape
4. Island comprehensive scenery sea landscape
20 19 high-frequency test center for the basic knowledge of tour guide qualification examination 2 As a qualified tour guide, you should be familiar with the basic knowledge of tour guides. What high-frequency test centers are there for the basic knowledge of tour guides in 20 19? The Tour Guide Certificate Channel has compiled the "20 19 Tour Guide Certificate Examination Basic Knowledge High Frequency Test Site: Geological and Geomorphological Tourism Landscape" for you, hoping to help you prepare for the exam.
Geological and geomorphological tourism landscape
Key points and difficulties:
1, geological tourism landscape
2. Geomorphological tourism landscape
3. Famous historical and cultural mountains
4. Famous religious and cultural mountains
Section 1 Geological Tourism Landscape
First, the division of tourism landscape
Second, the typical geological structure landscape
1. landscape of fault structure remains
2. Landscape of folded structural relics
Three. Standard stratigraphic section landscape
Four. Ornamental rock and mineral landscape
Verb (abbreviation of verb) paleontological fossil landscape
The intransitive verb volcano and earthquake ruins landscape
Seven, typical glacial activity relics landscape
Eight, marine erosion, marine heritage landscape
Nine, geological park
Ten, Hunan geological tourism landscape
1. Typical geological structure landscape: Zhangjiajie sandstone peak forest (Tian Zi, Lovers Rock, the first bridge in the world, etc. )
2. Standard stratigraphic profile landscape: Wulingyuan sandstone fault wall and Baizhang gorge wall in Zhangjiajie.
3. Enjoy the rock and mineral tourism landscape.
4. Fossils of Paleontology Tourism Landscape The fossils of Suoxiyu in Zhangjiajie, Cili and Yanzishi Fossil in Shimen, Hu Ping.
Section 2 Geomorphological Tourism Landscape
I. Overview of landform tourism landscape:
Second, the mountain tourism landscape
(a) ornamental mountain tourism landscape:
1. Famous historical and cultural mountains
2. Famous religious and cultural mountains
Four famous Buddhist mountains: Wutai Mountain in Shanxi, Emei Mountain in Sichuan, Putuo Mountain in Zhejiang and Jiuhua Mountain in Anhui.
Four famous Taoist mountains: Wudang Mountain in Hubei, Yun Qi in Anhui, Qingcheng Mountain in Sichuan and Longhu Mountain in Jiangxi.
3.famous mountains
(2) Mountaineering and exploring mountain tourism landscape
Himalayas, Tianshan Mountain and Siguniang Mountain are typical representatives of this tourist landscape.
Third, the special landform tourism landscape.
(A) karst landscape tourism landscape
Common karst landforms with tourism value mainly include:
1. Stone bud, stone forest and cave landscape: The stone forest in Kunming, Yunnan is the most spectacular. In addition, Xingwen Stone Forest in Sichuan.
2. Funnel, cave and shaft landscape: Chongqing Fengjie Xiaozhai Tiankeng, Xingwen Tianquan Cave Back Cave Big Funnel and Yunyang Tiankeng are the most typical.
3. Tiansheng Bridge Landscape: Tiansheng Bridge in Liping, Guizhou, etc.
4. Peak cluster, peak forest and solitary peak landscape: Wulingyuan, Hunan, Guilin, Guangxi and Anshun, Guizhou.
5. Cave landscape: Reed Flute Cave and An Baili Cave; Huanglongdong in Zhangjiajie
(B) arid sandstorm landscape tourism landscape
Fourthly, Hunan landform tourism landscape.
20 19 tour guide qualification examination basic knowledge high-frequency test center 3 As a qualified tour guide, you should be familiar with the basic knowledge of tour guides. 20 19 what are the high-frequency test sites for the basic knowledge of tour guides? The Tour Guide Card Channel has compiled "20 19 High-frequency Test Site of Basic Knowledge of Tour Guide Qualification Examination: Ancient Scientific and Cultural Knowledge" for you, hoping to help you prepare for the exam.
Ancient scientific and cultural knowledge
I. Ancient scientific and cultural knowledge
1, medicine
One of the three essences of China culture.
Huangdi Neijing, Shennong Herbal Classic, Treatise on Febrile Diseases.
Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty was the richest and most detailed pharmacological work in the world at that time.
2. Astronomical calendar
The 24 Solar Terms
Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches
3. Mathematics
Zhou Bi suan Jing in the Western Han Dynasty
Nine chapters of the Eastern Han Dynasty Arithmetic
For the first time in the world, Zu Chongzhi in the Southern Dynasties made the value of pi accurate to the seventh place after the decimal point.
4. Agriculture
The Book of Qi Yao Min by Jia Sixie in the Northern Wei Dynasty
Lu Yu's Tea Classic in Tang Dynasty
Ying Xing's Heavenly Creations in Ming Dynasty
Xu Guangqi's Encyclopedia of Agricultural Management in Ming Dynasty
5. Inventions: Four Great Inventions
Compass: Sina, a guide tool, was founded in the Warring States Period.
Papermaking: It was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was earlier than that in Europe 1000.
Printing: The Diamond Sutra is the earliest block printing with exact date found in China. Movable type printing was invented by Bi Sheng in the Northern Song Dynasty, more than 400 years earlier than in Europe.
Gunpowder: Invented in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, it began to be used in the military at the end of the Tang Dynasty.
Second, knowledge of folk culture
1, Yin and Yang
The water in the south of Shannan is Yang in the north, and the water in the south of Shannan is Yin.
2. Five elements
Five elements culture, the so-called five elements, is gold, wood, water, fire and earth.
Step 3 gossip
Gankun town Li Gen Kan dui Xun
4.the zodiac
Rats, cows, tigers, rabbits, dragons, snakes, horses, sheep, monkeys, chickens, dogs and pigs.
20 19 tour guide qualification examination basic knowledge high-frequency test sites 4 as a qualified tour guide, you should be familiar with the basic knowledge of tour guides, so what high-frequency test sites are there for the basic knowledge of tour guides in 20 19? The guide card channel has compiled the "20 19 high-frequency test site of basic knowledge of tour guide qualification examination: ancient ideological and cultural knowledge" for you, hoping to help you prepare for the exam.
Ancient ideological and cultural knowledge
First, the historical development order of China.
Historical dynasties, Song Dynasty:
Xia Shang, Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou were divided into two generations.
The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period unified Qin and Han Dynasties.
Wei Shuwu was divided into three parts, and the rulers extended back and forth.
The Northern and Southern Dynasties merged, and the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties passed.
After Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the dynasty ended here.
Second, China's ancient ideological and cultural knowledge
1 literature
The Book of Songs is the first existing collection of poems in China, which is divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode.
"Chu Ci Style" Poetry
"Fu" and "Yuefu" in Han Dynasty: Peacocks Flying Southeast
Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties: "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties"
Yuan Qu: Dou Eyuan, The West Chamber.
Novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions.
2. History
Sima Qian's Historical Records in the Western Han Dynasty
Han Shu by Ban Gu in the Eastern Han Dynasty
3. Philosophy
Kong Qiu (Confucius) in the Spring and Autumn Period: the founder of Confucianism. The Analects of Confucius is a concentrated reflection of his words and deeds.
Confucianism takes "benevolence" as the core and thinks that "benevolence" is love.
Li Er (Laozi) in the Spring and Autumn Period: the founder of Taoism, whose masterpiece Laozi is also called Tao Te Ching.
Mozi in the Spring and Autumn Period: the founder of Mohism who advocated "blind date in the world".
Han Feizi in the Warring States Period: Master of Legalism.
Sun Wu (Sun Tzu) in the Spring and Autumn Period: a famous representative of military theory, and he wrote Sun Tzu's Art of War and so on.
Zhou Dunyi in Song Dynasty: Founder of Neo-Confucianism: Zhu is a master of Neo-Confucianism.
4. Education
Four ancient Chinese academies: Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Songyang Academy in Dengfeng, Henan, Bailudong Academy in Lushan, Jiangxi and Suiyang Academy in Shangqiu, Henan.
Four Books and Five Classics: Four books refer to Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius; The Five Classics are poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Period.
Three cardinal guides and five permanent members: "Three cardinal guides" means "the monarch is the minister", "the father is the son" and "the husband is the wife"; The "five permanents" are benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith.
Imperial Examination System: Originated in Han Dynasty, officially started in Sui Dynasty. It is divided into children's examination, township examination, meeting examination and palace examination.
5. Art
1) Calligraphy: The form of calligraphy in China first evolved from ancient hieroglyphics.
Judging from the style of calligraphy, it can be divided into seal script, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script.
2) Instrumental music: Traditional instrumental music mainly includes solo instrumental music and ensemble instrumental music.
3) Drama: Beijing Opera, Kunqu Opera and Hunan Flower Drum Opera.
4) Sculptures: Bronzes, Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum, Pottery Sculptures, Tombs of Three Colors in the Tang Dynasty, and Stone Carvings.