The outstanding representative of democratic art in 1960s was belov. He described the social appearance of Russia after the abolition of serfdom with the creative method of critical realism. Representative works include Religious Parade of Easter (186 1), Funeral (1865), Three-wheeled Vehicle (1866) and so on. Belov showed deep concern for the unfortunate lives of ordinary people. Belov graduated from Moscow Institute of Painting and Sculpture Architecture and later became a professor and actual leader of the school. He enjoys high prestige in Russian intellectual circles and is known as the "Pope of Moscow".
Travelling Exhibition School: This is the most important progressive art group in the second half of the19th century, and its official name is "Travelling Art Exhibition Association". When the organization was founded, 65,438+05 painters signed the articles of association, including belov, Kramskoi and Mi Soyedov. Savrasov, shishkin, Gai Yi and others. During the half century from 1870 to 1923, the travelling painting school followed the aesthetic ideas of belinsky and Chernyshevski, and held nearly 50 travelling exhibitions in Russia. From the standpoint of democracy, painters reflect people's lives, historical events and the beautiful natural scenery of Russia. Lie Bin, Surikov, Vasniekov and Xie Luofu became the backbone of the roving school, and the famous art critic Stasov (1824- 1906) was a staunch supporter of the roving school. Trechakov (1832-1898) is a wealthy entrepreneur and art collector. Almost from the beginning of the activities of the roving painting school, he was determined to lay the foundation for a progressive national art gallery. 1892, he gave all his art collections to his hometown Moscow. Today, the Trechakov Gallery in Moscow was established on the basis of his donation. Kramskoi (1837 ~ 1887) is the organizer and ideological leader of the roving painting school. When he was still studying at the Academy of Fine Arts in Petersburg, he became the central figure of enthusiastic followers who yearned for democracy and national art. His early work, Christ in the Wilderness (1872), expressed the enlightenment thought of the roving painting school. Slightly different from the mainstream of vagrant painting, Kramskoi does not directly depict the phenomenon of social poverty, but focuses on the psychological world of contemporary people. In his view, art should reflect ideological content, so many of his paintings are inspired by literary works, such as Moonlit Night (1880), Unknown Girl (1883) and Sorrow (1884).
The custom and genre painting of the roving school: The roving school deepened and broadened the theme while accepting the inspiration tradition of the past painters. They turned from expressing the social conflict between the oppressor and the oppressed to expressing the conflict between the whole class. For example, Mi Soyedov's lunch at the local self-government bureau (1872), Savage's railway construction (1874) and the bank collapse in Malkovsky (1886543). One of the most important painters is Yaroshenko (1840-1898). Although his famous work The Fireman (1878) is a portrait work, it attracts people to explore the thoughts and feelings of the depicted person, thus causing resistance to the new forms of capitalist exploitation.
Historical genre painting of the roving school: the reform of the roving school on historical themes is of great significance to the development of national art, and the creation of Gai Yi (1831-1894) has become the foundation stone of the school on historical themes. His painting "Peter the Great Interrogates Prince Alexei" (187 1) is the masterpiece of the conflict between two social forces in Russian historical paintings for the first time. 19 In the 1970s, Vasniechov (1848— 1926) appeared in the historical circle. His "Three Warriors" (1898) represents the warriors in ancient legends with the image of contemporary people, and it is a well-known masterpiece.
Landscape genre painting of roving school: In the development of landscape theme, roving school has also made outstanding achievements. White-billed crow comes from savlasov (1830-1897), and rye comes from shishkin (187 1). The Courtyard of Moscow by Ba Lenov (1878) (1844- 1927) and Night in Ukraine by Kuyinzhi (184- 19 10).
Xia Jin (1842-1904), whose main creative theme is military, is not a member of the Ranger School, but is influenced by the Ranger School's creative ideas. His group painting "Turkestan" revealed the threat of war, and his works were criticized by the czar.
The artistic activities of Lie Bin (1844 ——1930) are the highest achievement of the realistic art of the roving school. Lie Bin is good at all kinds of painting schools, but he always insists on creating immortal paintings based on the role of the people. His quality is reflected in his original creation, The Tracker on the Volga River (1870- 1873). In addition, Lie Bin also has a profound exploration of historical themes. His Princess Sophia (1879), Ivan Reddy's Killing the Son (885) and poros's Letter to the Turkish Sultan (878- 189 1) all vividly highlight the characters of historical figures. Lie Bin painted many portraits, including 350, such as The Portrait of the Chief Pastor (1877), The Timid Farmer (1877), The Portrait of Kramskoi (1882) and The Portrait of Stasov (10). In addition, Lie Bin's important works also include a series of political genre paintings represented by "Unexpectedly Coming" (1884). 1900, Lie Bin moved to Baynard Villa in Kugara, Finland, 45km away from Petersburg, and died here in 1930. In memory of this outstanding painter, the former Soviet Union named the Leningrad Academy of Fine Arts after him.
Surikov (1848- 19 16) is another Russian national painter, who embodies the highest principle of the roving school in his historical painting creation. His historical paintings include The Morning Before the Guards Died (188 1), The Lady Morozova (188 1- 1887) and Mishikov in Beliuzov Village (/kloc
/kloc-Sculpture in the second half of the 9th century: Ann Tokov (1843-1902) is a talented sculptor with realistic tendency in the second half of the 9th century. His Ivan Reddy (187 1) is his graduation creation in Petersburg Academy of Fine Arts. In this work, he explored the authenticity of history and Ivan Reddy's inner social mentality-these are rare in academic sculpture, and public opinion at that time considered it a masterpiece of national art.