The United Mexican States, referred to as "Mexico", is a federal republic in North America. It borders the United States to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the south and west, the Caribbean Sea, Belize and Guatemala to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east. Area 1964375 km2? It is the fifth largest country in America and the fourteenth largest country in the world.
182 1 year, after the Mexican war of independence, the first Mexican empire was established, 1823 was overthrown by a military coup, and 1824 established the United States of Mexico. 1848, after the US-Mexico War, it was forced to cede nearly one-third of the northern territory to the United States. 1863, the second Mexican empire was established with the support of France. 19 10, the Mexican revolution broke out, overthrew the dictatorship, and finally contributed to the formulation of the constitution in 19 17 and the establishment of the current political system.
Mexico is a free market economy with modern industry and agriculture, and the proportion of private economy is also increasing greatly. After the formal establishment of 1994 NAFTA, the trade and investment between Mexico and the United States increased rapidly, which greatly promoted economic development and national income.
Most of Mexico is plateau terrain, with no severe cold in winter, no heat in summer and evergreen seasons, so it enjoys the reputation of "Pearl of the Plateau". The main energy and mineral resources in Mexico are oil, natural gas, uranium and coal, and the metal minerals are iron, manganese, copper, lead and zinc.
Mexico is one of the centers of ancient Indian culture in the American continent. The famous Olmec culture, Toltec culture, Teotihuacan culture, Zapotek culture, Maya culture and Aztec culture were bred here, which developed the Aztec Empire, the largest country in North America before Columbus.
Mexico is a free market economy, and its foreign trade mainly exports crude oil, manufactured goods, petroleum products, clothing and agricultural products. Mexico City is a world-famous tourist city with many places of interest, various buildings and unique scenery. The famous historical sites in the suburbs are pyramid of the sun and the Moon Pyramid, which attract thousands of tourists every day.
The climate in Mexico is complex and diverse. Because it has many plateaus and mountains, its vertical climate characteristics are obvious. The climate in Mexico is complex and diverse. The plateau is mild all year round, with an average temperature of 10 ~ 26℃. Northwest China has a continental climate; The coastal and southeastern plains have a tropical climate. Most of them are divided into drought (10 ~ April) and rain (May ~ September), and the rainy season concentrates 75% of the annual precipitation. The driest month every year is February, and the precipitation is only 5 mm The wettest month is July, and the precipitation is about170 mm.
The situation facing the north and south of Mexico is completely different. On the one hand, the United States is strong, and on the other hand, Central America is complex and poor. Naturally, Mexico in the middle has many problems.
The south is a tropical rain forest with broken valleys, which means that people must settle in valleys or basins between hills, so that the connection between settlements is weakened, which is not conducive to unified management. Moreover, there is an Atoyajing River between Mexico City and the south, which blocks the influence of Mexico City, so opposition forces breed in the southern fringe.
Moreover, the relationship between Chiapas and Mexico City on the border between Mexico and Guatemala is very delicate. The Mexican government controlled this area in order to establish a buffer zone here to prevent any small moves by neighboring countries, so they consciously isolated it. The level of education, medical care and transportation here is the lowest in the country.
These southern states, Chiapas, Oaxaca and Guerrero, are all the poorest states in Mexico, and the poverty rate is above 60%, which is more serious than some African countries.
In the north, Mexico and the United States share the Colorado River and the Rio Grande, but the desertification here is very serious, there is no suitable natural environment to develop industry, and the river resources have been squeezed by the United States before flowing into Mexico.
The industry is not developing, but northern Mexico has noticed another important demand of Americans-drugs. According to the statistics of 20 18, the United States is the largest drug consumer in the world, and more than 60% of the drugs produced in the world are shipped to the United States. Although this is illegal, it is a transaction with high commercial return.
Rich in mineral resources:
Mexico mainly has petroleum, natural gas, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, arsenic, bismuth, mercury, cadmium, antimony, apatite, graphite, celestite, sulfur, fluorite and barite. The proven oil reserves are 58.204 billion barrels (in 2000), ranking eighth in the world. The natural gas reserves are 70 billion cubic meters, ranking 13 in the world.
Other mineral reserves: silver 22,800 tons, lead 3.2 million tons, zinc 3.6 million tons, bismuth 1. 1.3 million tons, mercury 1.5 million tons, coal 4.2 billion tons, iron 600 million tons (both 1.984). 1989 ranked graphite reserves in the world 1, and fluorite and bismuth reserves ranked third in the world.
1992 The output of silver, sodium sulfate and celestite ranked first in the world, the output of bismuth, cadmium and mercury ranked second, and the output of barite and antimony ranked third. Forest covers an area of 45 million hectares, accounting for about 1/4 of the total land area. Hydraulic resources are about 6.5438+million kilowatts. Seafood mainly includes prawns, tuna, sardines and abalone, among which prawns and abalone are traditional export products.
Mexico City, the capital of Mexico, is the largest city in Mexico. Buildings, historical sites, museums, palaces, monuments, shopping centers and government buildings are all available in Mexico City. The water garden of the mirko Canal is the largest tourist attraction in the city, and there are also landmark buildings such as El Angel Day Independent and the Victory Column of the Angel of Independence.
Mexico City, the capital of Mexico, is located on the Texaco Lake plain in the south of the Mexican Plateau, with an altitude of 2,240 meters. Over the years, the urban area has been expanding, extending to the surrounding Mexican states, forming countless satellite towns.
Administratively belonging to the state of Mexico, these towns have been integrated with the Federal District in economic, social and cultural aspects, forming a metropolitan area, including Mexico City and nearby 17 towns, with an area of about 1525 square kilometers (20 19 1 month). The climate is cool and pleasant. The annual average temperature is about 65438 08℃. The whole year is divided into rainy season and dry season. The rainy season is from June to the beginning of 10, and 75%~80% of the precipitation is concentrated in the rainy season.
Mexico City is the headquarters of many large media companies and Spanish newspapers. About 20% of the Mexican population lives in Mexico City, so the city is also called the city that never sleeps.