The Origin and Characteristics of Various Schools in Tai Ji Chuan
1, the origin and characteristics of Chen Tai Ji Chuan
Tai Ji Chuan was founded by Chen (Qi Zuting, 1600- 1680) in Chenjiagou, wen county, Henan Province. Chen has been practicing martial arts since childhood, inheriting the martial arts of his ancestors. He was from Wenxian County in the late Ming Dynasty? Township soldiers are on the defensive? Once? Perseverance, perseverance and sweeping the atmosphere? . After the death of the Ming Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in his hometown. On the basis of martial arts handed down from his family, he absorbed and borrowed the essence of popular martial arts at that time, and under the guidance of the theory of Taiji Yin and Yang, he combined the breathing exercises guided by Confucianism and Taoism with the essence of meridians of traditional Chinese medicine to create Tai Ji Chuan. This boxing has been handed down and evolved from generation to generation by Chen's descendants, forming a variety of routines such as Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan big frame, small frame, new frame (both divided into one and two ways) and long and short instruments.
Characteristics of Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan
Chen Tai Ji Chuan pays attention to the spiral winding movement under the guidance of qi, emphasizing that under the guidance of consciousness, the head is lowered, the limbs are extended, the limbs are driven by the waist, and the inside and outside are harmonious. Its fist movements stretch and it is elegant all the way. Push, row, squeeze, press? Priority use? Pick, lick, elbow, shit? Supplemented by the use of both rigidity and flexibility. Qi-moving is mainly based on silk winding, supplemented by energy. The whole body moves quietly and closed inside and outside, and all movements are full, highlighting the characteristics of softness, slowness and stability; The second punch (also known as cannon hammer) is complex, quick and compact, rigid and soft, hard? Pick, lick, elbow, shit? Mainly? Push, row, squeeze, press? Auxiliary. Jumping and jumping, prancing and flashing, shocking vigor, combining rigidity with softness, highlighting the characteristics of rigidity, quickness, crispness and fierceness.
2. The origin and characteristics of Jichuan in Yang Tai.
Biography of Yang Tai was written by Yang Luchan (1800 ~ 1873), a native of Yongnian, Hebei. Yang Luchan liked martial arts since he was a child and began to learn Hongquan. Later, he admired Chen Taiji's biography. He was introduced to Chenjiagou, wen county, Henan Province for more than 20 years, and he was taught by Chen Changxing, the sixth generation descendant of Chen Taiji. Yang Luchan studied hard and practiced hard, which won the hearts of the people. Because of its skillful boxing and pure kung fu, it was called in Beijing at that time. Yang invincible? . When Yang Luchan taught boxing in Beijing, he adapted to the needs of ordinary boxers and changed some stiff and fierce movements in Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan, which were expressed by stretching and softening. After three generations' research and improvement, he changed his routine on the basis of Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan, and finally changed from Sun Yang to the traditional Yang-style Tai Ji Chuan.
Characteristics of Yang-style Tai Ji Chuan
Yang-style Tai Ji Chuan is also divided into large and small frames. The big frame is mainly soft, simple in stretching, rigorous in structure, smooth in movement, tall and straight in posture, flexible in content, relaxed and natural, like flowing water, continuous, and has a unique stretching and feminine style. Its boxing frame is divided into high, medium and low. Practitioners can adjust the amount of exercise according to different age, gender, physical condition and different requirements. Therefore, this boxing is not only suitable for medical care and longevity, but also suitable for people with good physical strength to practice offensive and defensive techniques. Compared with the big rack, the Yang-style small rack is more vigorous and powerful, mainly emphasizing the role of attack and defense.
3. The origin and characteristics of Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan.
Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan evolved from Yang-style Tai Ji Chuan. Quanyou (Manchu, 1834- 1902), a native of Daxing, Beijing, studied Tai Ji Chuan Rack with Yang Luchan in Beijing, and then studied Tai Ji Chuan Rack with his second son Hou. He absorbed the essence of Chen and Yang Tai Ji Chuan, and gradually revised his posture on the basis of Yang Tai Ji Chuan. After decades of mastery by his son Wu, Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan was formed.
Characteristics of Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan
Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan is compact, relaxed and natural, brisk and lively, and is famous for being good at softening. Its movements are relaxed and natural, continuous, regular and unique and static. Although the boxing frame is small, it has the foundation of a big frame. From development to compactness, it stretches itself in compactness without showing restraint. Push the hand correctly and strictly, be delicate with iron bars, be quiet and not act rashly, and be good at being kind.
4. The origin and characteristics of Wushu Tai Ji Chuan.
Tai Ji Chuan was created by Wu Yuxiang (18 12- 1880), a native of Yongnian, Hebei. Wu Yuxiang studied martial arts from an early age. First, he studied Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan truss with Yang Luchan, and then went to Zhaobao Town, wen county, Henan Province in 1852 to study Tai Ji Chuan with Chen Jiagou, a descendant of the 15th and 7th Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan. He got a good result. On the basis of Chen Tai Ji Chuan, he created his own martial arts Tai Ji Chuan.
Characteristics of Wushu Tai Ji Chuan
Rigorous posture, compact posture, slow movement, rigorous pace, and clear distinction between reality and reality. The front and back rotation of the chest and abdomen is always positive, and the left and right hands each tube half the body and do not cross each other. Don't stretch out beyond your toes, and don't stick to your body when you step. When stepping, touch the ground with your toes first, then slowly put down your heels and step flat. Boxing pays attention to starting, bearing, opening and closing, and its movements are coherent and smooth.
5. The origin and characteristics of Sun-style Tai Ji Chuan.
Founder Sun Lutang (1860- 1933) was born in Wanxian County, Hebei Province. Sun Lutang studied Xingyiquan, then learned Bagua Palm, and then studied martial arts Tai Ji Chuan with Tai Ji Chuan grandmaster Hao Weizhen. On this basis, combining the advantages of Tai Ji Chuan, Bagua and Xingyiquan, Sun-style Tai Ji Chuan was founded.
The characteristics of Sun-style Tai Ji Chuan:
Advance and retreat, step by step, step by step. The movements are flexible, agile and natural, the footwork is clear when practicing, and the whole practice is like flowing water. Every time you turn around? Open? 、? Close? Connected, so it is also called? Turn walking steps on and off. Tai Chi Chuan? .
6. The origin and characteristics of harmonious Tai Ji Chuan.
The Legend of Harmonious Taiji was founded by He Zhaoyuan (18 10 1890) in Zhaobao Town, wen county City, Henan Province in the late Qing Dynasty. He Zhaoyuan was born in a family of traditional Chinese medicine and studied literature and medicine since childhood. 1825 studied Tai Ji Chuan with Chen Qingping, the seventh generation descendant of Chen Tai Ji Chuan in Zhaobao Town. He Zhaoyuan, under the influence of Li, a master of Neo-Confucianism, guided by Neo-Confucianism, Taoism and medical theory, standardized boxing. On the basis of Chen's Taiji Biography, he created a set of agent framework with consistent body and function and technical integration, that is, Harmonious Taiji Biography, which is also called Zhaobao Taiji Biography because of its geographical location.
Characteristics of Harmonious Tai Ji Chuan:
Harmonious Tai Ji Chuan takes suppleness, roundness, naturalness and truthfulness as the criteria, and does not sit, fold, bend over or turn hips when practicing. When walking, it is emphasized that the body is straight, the spine is upright, the movements are not greedy or owed, the body is light and round, the body is like a live snake, the waist is like a bow, and the movements are compact and smooth. Hands and feet should start, move and stop properly, keep the body centered, turn in circles, follow up up and down, blend hands and feet, progress will follow, retrogression will follow, and the movements will be unpretentious, concise and smooth.
A traditional China Tai Ji Chuan (Tai Ji Chuan)
First, exercise.
Taiji calisthenics is a set of warm-up exercises to stretch bones and muscles, harmonize qi and blood, and activate joints in all parts of the body. This exercise is divided into twelve movements, which is easy to learn. It can not only exercise and practice Qi, but also be a good warm-up auxiliary exercise for Tai Ji Chuan.
1, the necessity of warm-up
(1). Increase muscle temperature and body temperature to ensure sports safety.
(2) With the increase of blood flow, the diffusion of oxygen is accelerated, and muscle oxygen supply is increased.
(3) The process of substance metabolism and energy release is strengthened, and the fat burning is accelerated.
(4) Improve the excitability of nervous system and improve the exercise effect.
(5) Adjust mental state and get into exercise quickly.
2. Tai Chi warm-up exercise
Precautions for practicing this skill: when doing this skill, stand up straight, relax your whole body and put your tongue on the palate; After doing this, stand up straight, put your feet together and restore your qi and blood. The number of movements of each movement can vary from person to person.
Taiji fitness sports name
(1). Finger grasping: stand upright, open your feet, shoulder width apart, relax your whole body, put your tongue on the palate, and naturally put your arms on both sides of your thighs; Turn your arms inward, lift your middle fingers horizontally, shoulder-width and shoulder-height, loosen your shoulders and hang your elbows naturally, and put your palms in front of your hips; Turn your hands outward, spread them from left to right and lift them up, at the same height as your chest, loosen your shoulders and hang your elbows, and tilt your palms up; Then do the uniform flexion and extension of ten fingers and repeat it several times. When you bend and stretch your fingers, count slowly and grasp quickly. ) activate the knuckles, promote the blood circulation of peripheral nerves, and benefit the brain.
(2) Wrist winding: connect, loosen your shoulders and hang your elbows, cross your hands on your chest, relax your wrists, and rotate your wrists with both hands. Repeat several times. (This action should also be calm and slow, and the wrist should be wound quickly. Wrist exercise can stimulate two health-care acupoints, Neiguan and Shenmen, and relieve symptoms such as cardiovascular system discomfort, insomnia and poor sleep quality.
(3). Elbow rotation: connected type, hands are naturally separated, hands are separated left and right in front of the crotch, and they are wound outward and upward in an arc shape. When they are wound to the same height as the chest, the arms begin to arc inward and the palms press down; To make an arc-shaped circular rotation inward, it is required to drive the forearm by hand and do it several times repeatedly; Then both hands drive the forearm to make an arc-shaped circular rotation outward, and repeat it several times. When drawing a circle by hand, you are required to walk with your hands, not your elbows. Moving elbow joint can stimulate Quchi point, promote the smooth flow of qi and blood in arm, and prevent and treat diseases such as rough skin, elbow pain, hypertension and anemia.
(4) Turn your shoulders: When the above actions are over and your hands naturally fall to the front of the stride, your arms begin to rotate outward, shoulder width apart and palms up. When you reach the chest height, your elbows sink, your hands naturally shrink back to your chest, and your palms are slightly attached to your chest; Then the elbows rotate forward for one turn, and at the same time, the elbows drive the shoulder joint to rotate forward and rotate several times repeatedly; Then elbow with your shoulders, and then do a backward circular rotation, and repeat it several times. Moving the shoulder joint can stimulate the acupoints around the shoulder joint; Acupoints such as Shoulder Well, Shoulder Epiphysis and Shoulder Epiphysis can prevent and treat diseases such as shoulder pain, scapulohumeral periarthritis, headache, eye fatigue, tinnitus, hypertension and stiff neck.
(5). Chest enlargement: stand up straight, loosen your shoulders and hang your elbows, put your hands flat on your chest, palms down; Then rotate your hands outward, open them forward, palm up, and move your hands and arms backward to both sides; That is, doing chest expansion exercises, repeated several times. Doing chest enlargement exercises can enlarge the chest and increase vital capacity.
(6). Swing arm: upright, feet open, shoulder width, arms naturally placed on both sides of thighs; Turning the waist drives the two arms to swing left and right, first left and then right, and then slapping the body parts from bottom to top in turn; 1. First pat the lower abdomen with the palm of your hand, pat the Shenshu point on the back with the other hand, turn your waist and swing your arm left and right, and pat it repeatedly with both hands; 2. Then pat Yunmen point in front of your shoulder, turn your waist and swing your arm, and pat it repeatedly with your palm left and right for several times; 3. Then, with the help of the inertia of the swing arm, beat with the palm of your hand, with your shoulders far above your shoulders, and beat the left and right swing arms several times. This action is mainly to move the lumbar vertebrae and the Ren and Du meridians. 1, there are two points to attack the lower abdomen and the vagina; Nourishing kidney, consolidating essence, tonifying yang and benefiting qi, regulating chong and ren, this point is powerful and is an important point for health care. 2. The point of attacking Yunmen has been reached; Prevention and treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis. 3, tap the shoulder well point; Prevention and treatment of cervical spondylosis, dredging qi and blood. 4, tapping the back to stimulate Shenshu points; Tonifying brain marrow, strengthening waist and kidney, relieving cough and asthma, and improving hearing and eyesight. It is suitable for lumbago due to kidney deficiency, soreness of waist and knees, tinnitus, dizziness, amnesia, insomnia, impotence, nocturnal emission, irregular menstruation, neurasthenia, pulmonary heart disease, asthma and kidney deficiency.
(7). Span turn: feet open, shoulder width, upright, hands akimbo, thumb forward, four points backward; First, the two hips make a circular rotation movement counterclockwise to the left and repeat it several times; Then do a circular motion to the right and clockwise, and repeat it several times. This action is mainly to move the waist and hip joint, peristalsis and small intestine to prevent abdominal distension and constipation.
(8). lunge stride: do the left lunge first, pay attention to lunge: the horizontal distance between the feet is shoulder width, the hips are flat, the hands are rested on her hips, the thumb is in front, and the four fingers are behind; First, the legs are supported, and the center of gravity moves backward, then the hind legs are pushed to the ground, and the center of gravity moves forward to make a lunge. When doing lunge, the requirements are: two hips are flat, the crotch root is closed, lunge down several times, and then lunge right to press the crotch. The action essentials are the same as those of the left lunge, and the right lunge can press the crotch several times in the same way. Has that effect of opening buttock, relax tendons and promoting blood circulation.
(9). Turn your legs: open your feet slightly wider than your shoulders, bend your knees, put your palms on your knees, tuck your knees, and turn your legs inward several times in an arc; Then, put your hands on your knees, and then do an arc rotation outward, and repeat it several times. It can relax channels and promote blood circulation, and prevent leg and knee pain.
(10). Knee rubbing: stand with your feet side by side, put your knees together, kneel down, put your hands lightly on your knees, turn your knees to the left and counterclockwise, and repeat several times; Then turn your knees clockwise to the right several times. It has the functions of relaxing muscles and tendons, promoting blood circulation, preventing and delaying knee joint bone aging.
(1 1). Turn your ankles: stand upright, stand side by side, with your hands akimbo, thumb in front and four fingers behind; Hold your right foot steady, move your center of gravity to your right leg, with your left foot on the inside of your right foot and your toes pointing to the ground, and repeat the counterclockwise rotation several times; Then change the left foot, keep the foot stable, shift the center of gravity to the left foot, put the right foot on the inside of the left foot, point the toes to the ground, and rotate clockwise several times. This action has the functions of activating ankle ligament, stimulating peripheral acupoints, inhibiting hypertension, preventing senile prostatitis and strengthening kidney.
(12). Kick your arms: open your feet, slightly narrower than your shoulders, relax your whole body, and naturally put your arms on both sides of your thighs; The right foot is solid, the body center of gravity moves to the right leg, the right leg bends slightly, the left foot is lifted forward and kicked upward, the arms are relaxed, and thrown upward with the kick; When the two arms of the left leg fall naturally, the left leg is solid, the center of gravity of the body moves to the left leg, and the left leg bends slightly; Then in the same way, kick your right leg, swing your arm, and move left and right alternately, and repeat several times. After exercising in various parts of the body, it has the function of dredging and regulating qi and blood.
Second, it is loose.
People who practice Tai Chi for the first time must relax their posture. Practising Tai Chi to spread relaxation can make your breath reach the four tips (slight blood, slight bone in teeth, slight flesh in tongue and slight tendon in nail), which can touch you to run through it in one go. Only in this way can you develop your skin sensitivity, and to what extent, raise your hand. This is a kind of strength.
In Tai Ji Chuan, we must first know that the upper belt is loose and the lower belt is solid. This is called Tai Chi. Loose, first relax from the brain, 90% of the brain needs to rest, leaving only 10% to work, listening to all directions, taking care of Dantian, starting from Baihui point, hanging down from the neck, shoulders and elbows, taking care of Dantian. How loose is this long-term practice? How hard can a feather fall on your hand? In this case, you should relax, relax your brain, relax your mind, relax your skin and relax your internal organs, all of which should be relaxed and completely relaxed. Long-term practice will get certain results.
Tai Ji Chuan is a relaxing sport. How to relax and practice Tai Ji Chuan well, first of all, we should understand the relationship between relaxation and quietness, correctly master the principles and methods of practicing Tai Ji Chuan relaxation, and achieve the best effect of practicing fitness.
1, The Necessity of Relaxation and Quiet: When practicing Tai Ji Chuan, all parts of the body should be fully relaxed, which is the first level of practicing Tai Ji Chuan. The pine in Taiji Chuan is divided into inner pine and outer pine; What is that? Relaxed mind? ; ? Relax first, then relax? ; Therefore, to practice Tai Ji Chuan, you should calm down first, so that you can concentrate and use your brain and nerves to control your body's relaxation. Tai Ji Chuan pays attention to the meaning of peace of mind, and demands that the activities centered on boxing practice should be balanced, and the movements should be dominated by consciousness, so that people's ideological activities can be concentrated on boxing practice. Peace of mind, relaxed body, peace of mind and smooth blood flow? Chinese medicine believes that: the general principle does not hurt, but it hurts if it doesn't work? . Tai Ji Chuan caused physiological changes through psychological activities, thus achieving the function of strengthening the heart and keeping fit. Therefore, Tai Ji Chuan is a relaxing aerobic exercise, and there is an inevitable relationship between relaxation and quietness in Tai Ji Chuan.
2. Ways to relax and be quiet: The inevitable relationship between Tai Chi and relaxation was mentioned earlier. Relax first, then relax? Only when you are calm can you relax; Quiet is the condition of practicing Tai Ji Chuan, relaxation is the process of practicing Tai Ji Chuan, and achieving relaxation is the purpose of practicing Tai Ji Chuan. In the process of practicing Tai Ji Chuan, how to relax under the control of consciousness and achieve the effect of Tai Ji Chuan's relaxation;
(1). Being calm means relaxing under the guidance of consciousness. Relaxation training should start with basic Gong Zhuang. Static pile can train the mind and completely relax all parts of the body, which is an effective training method to get rid of rigidity and relaxation as soon as possible. To relax, we must first calm down, that is? Relax first, then relax? ,? Relax? ; Let your mind calm down and get rid of other thoughts, so that you can concentrate your thoughts and use your consciousness to dominate the relaxation of all parts of your limbs. Relaxation exercise requirements: feet open, upright, chin slightly retracted, chin gently pulled up from both sides to the back of the head, so that the spine is pulled up and down (like clothes hanging up), buttocks are flat and round, life is slightly propped up, tail naturally droops, legs are straight and bent, shoulders are loose, elbows droop, back is pulled out, and the back feels smooth and full. At this time, you can stretch your spine one by one with your mind and relax your spine, which is the pillar of your body. The relaxation of the spine is the key to the whole body relaxation, so the idea of virtual collar is the first. After the spine is relaxed, the body will be flexible; Next, you need to dominate your body with consciousness and relax all joints from top to bottom; First relax the shoulder and hip joints, then relax the elbows, knees, wrists, ankles, fingers and other joints, and finally relax the palms and soles. Gently lengthen and relax the joints of all parts of the body, and then naturally relax the muscles of the body to achieve the effect of whole body relaxation.
(2). The body should be loose and the fist should be light. In the process of practicing physical relaxation, we can't just pursue relaxation. If the whole body is relaxed, it will be slack and soft, and there is nothing. Therefore, in the process of loosening, we must grasp the degree, not loose, but not too loose; Relaxation is not to use no force, but to support the weight of all parts of the body with minimal force, which can be persistent and not soft. The human body is like a balloon, with a certain tension outward, which is what people often say? Can't you lose your strength? . After the first stage of static relaxation is basically mastered, when entering the relaxation stage of practicing Tai Ji Chuan routines, it is often because beginners in Tai Ji Chuan are not skilled in routine movements and have not mastered the relationship between reality and reality in Tai Ji Chuan movements; It's easy to get stiff in the process of practicing Tai Ji Chuan. In order to achieve the effect of Tai Ji Chuan's looseness, flexibility and generosity, we must start with a light hand; Is there one in Tai Ji Chuan? Walk like a cat, walk like a cliff? Therefore, to practice Tai Ji Chuan well, we should start lightly, from light to loose, from loose to soft, and finally from loose to heavy. In other words, lightness can make you loose, looseness can make you soft, and softness can achieve the lightness and heaviness of Tai Ji Chuan. Follow the rules, practice repeatedly, step by step, and persevere, and you will certainly be able to practice Tai Ji Chuan well and achieve the goal of keeping fit.
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