Physical principle
Precautions:
1. This test paper is ***6 pages, with 5 major questions and 23 minor questions, with a full score of 70 and an examination time of 60 minutes. Please use blue and black pens.
Or use a ballpoint pen to answer directly on the test paper, and fill in the answer column for multiple-choice questions.
Please fill in the items in the sealed line clearly before answering the questions.
1. Fill in the blanks (l points for each blank, *** 14 points),
1. Compass is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. The compass can refer to north and south because the compass itself has been affected.
In the domestic circuit of our country, the voltage between the live wire and the neutral wire is V, so you can see which one is the live wire with a pencil. Of the two usage methods shown in Figure L, the correct one is Figure.
3. As shown in Figure 2, press a steel ruler tightly on the desktop, with one end sticking out of the desktop for an appropriate length, and stir the steel ruler to hear the vibration of the steel ruler. Gradually increase the length of the steel rule protruding from the desktop, and the sound tone generated by the vibration of the steel rule will gradually change. When the steel ruler sticks out of the desktop for more than a certain length, although the steel ruler is vibrated with the same force, no sound can be heard. This is because.
4. Learning physics is inseparable from the support of mathematical methods. For example, the ratio between some physical quantities has a specific physical meaning and can be defined as a new physical quantity. Among the physical quantities we have studied, speed, density and so on are all defined in this way.
At the science evening, Xiao Liang performed an interesting program with a hose. As shown in Figure 3, he holds the middle part of the pipe with one hand, keeping the lower part motionless, and holds the upper part with the other hand to make it rotate rapidly in the air. At this time, the scraps of paper near the lower nozzle are sucked into the pipeline and fly out of the upper nozzle like a fairy tale. The physical principle of this phenomenon is.
6. In the circuit shown in Figure 4, the resistance r1= 4Ω, R2 = 2ω, and the power supply voltage remains unchanged. When switches S 1 and S3 are off and S2 is on, the ammeter indicates 0.5A；; When switches S 1 and S3 are closed and S2 is open, the ammeter indicates as follows
The number is a.
7. Zhengzhou-Xi 'an high-speed railway passenger dedicated line was completed and opened to traffic on February 6, 20 10. The dedicated line is 505km long, and the operation task is undertaken by the Harmony EMU (as shown in Figure 5). The maximum speed is 350 km/h ... G 2009 train departs from Zhengzhou in the afternoon 17: 10 and arrives in Xi 'an at 19: 08, so the average speed of this train is about km/. This invisible light is.
8. Comparison is an important scientific method. Please compare sound and light, and write the similarities between them.
And differences.
Similarities:
The difference is:
Second, multiple-choice questions (2 points for each question, ***l6 points) Only one option in each question meets the requirements of the topic. Please fill in its serial number in the answer column below.
Title number
nine
f 10
1l
12
13
14
15
16
answer
9. The following statement is wrong about the nature and application of materials.
Some semiconductors are sensitive to light and can be used to make photoresistors.
B copper has good conductivity and can be used to make fuses.
C. diamonds are hard and can be used as drill bits.
D superconducting materials have zero resistance below the critical temperature and can be used for long-distance transmission in the future.
10. The following data is quite different from the facts.
The power of a fluorescent lamp in the classroom is about 40W.
Your normal walking speed is about 1 m/s.
The comfortable ambient temperature of human body is about 25℃
D The air pressure at the top of Songshan Mountain in Zhongyue is about 1.5× 105Pa.
1 1. At the party to welcome the World Expo, colored balloons rose at a constant speed with the music of celebration. In the process, the balloon
A. kinetic energy is converted into potential energy, and mechanical energy remains unchanged.
B. kinetic energy is converted into potential energy, and mechanical energy is increased.
C. kinetic energy is constant, potential energy increases, and mechanical energy increases.
D. kinetic energy is constant, potential energy is constant, and mechanical energy is constant.
12. In the following process, one force acts differently from the other three. it is
A. knead plasticine into different shapes
B. the incoming train stopped slowly because of resistance.
C. apples fall vertically due to gravity.
D. put the shot hard
13. As shown in Figure 6, A, B, C and D are four points with different distances from the convex lens. F is the point. The imaging principles of the following optical instruments correspond to the imaging of objects at different points. The following statement is correct.
A. The slide projector is made according to the imaging characteristics when the object is placed at point C..
B. the camera is made according to the imaging characteristics of the object when it is placed at point D.
C. The imaging situation when a magnifying glass is used is similar to that when an object is placed at the mouth point.
D. the imaging situation when people look at an object is similar to that when the object is placed at point F.
14. as shown in fig. 7, under the condition of horizontal pulling force F=50N, the object a with a weight of 200N moves horizontally to the right at a uniform speed through the moving pulley. In this process,
A. The pulling force F did the work of l50J.
The pulling force f is 300 joules.
C. gravity did 600J J j.
D. gravity has done work of1200 j.
15. For a small magnetic needle placed next to a bar magnet and an energized solenoid, the direction of the N pole at rest is the direction of the magnetic field where the center of the small magnetic needle is located. In the four pictures shown in Figure 8, the direction of the small magnetic needle is wrong.
16. Figure 9 is an image of the relationship between the mass and volume of substance A and substance B. Two regular cubes A and B are made of A and B respectively. The following statement is correct.
A. Put the object A into the water, and it must float on the water.
B. Put the object B into the water, and it will sink to the bottom.
C. Tie two objects A and B of equal volume together and put them into the water, and they will inevitably float on the water.
D. Tie two objects A and B of equal mass together and put them into the water. They must float on the water.
Third, drawing questions (2 points for each small question, ***4 points)
17. As shown in figure 10, place a flat mirror at point O, so that the sunlight at an angle of 600 with the horizontal direction will be reflected by point O and horizontally enter the window P. Please draw the position of the flat mirror in the figure and mark the degree of the reflection angle.
18. As shown in figure 1 1, the foot B of the desk is lifted off the ground with minimum force, but the foot A is not.
Slide. Please draw a schematic diagram of this force at point C and mark its arm L.
Four, experimental inquiry questions (l9 questions 5 points, 20 questions 6 points, 2 1 question 8 points. *** 19)
19. Fan Xiao did the experiment of "observing the boiling of water" in the laboratory. When the water temperature reached 820℃, he began to record data, and then read the thermometer every 1 minute until the water boiled for a period of time. Data records are shown in the following table.
(1) When recording the fourth data, the thermometer reads as shown in Figure l2. Please fill in the blanks in the form.
(2) According to the data in the table, please draw the curve of water temperature with time in figure 13.
(3) According to the chart, the characteristics of water temperature during boiling are as follows.
(4) After the experiment, students found that the boiling point of water they measured was not 1000C, probably because (write a little).
20. The relationship between motion and force was studied with the experimental device shown in Figure l4.
(1) Let the car slide down the inclined plane and move along the horizontal plane to balance the force on the car in the vertical direction, and their effects cancel each other out, which is equivalent to that the car only receives friction in the horizontal direction.
(2) Let the trolley slide down from the same slope position every time, so that the trolley can slide to the bottom of the slope at the same speed.
(3) By comparing the maximum distance of a car sliding on different surfaces in Figure 14, it can be concluded that the smoother the horizontal plane, the greater the friction the car will suffer, and the greater the distance the car will move at the same initial speed.
(4) According to this experiment, it can be concluded that when a moving object is not subjected to external force, it will
.
2 1. Xiao Gang and Xiao Li use the equipment shown in Figure l5 to explore the voltage relationship of the series circuit. Three dry batteries are connected in series as power supply, and the specifications of two small bulbs are different.
(1) Please connect the experimental circuit with pressure wires instead of wires. Requirements: L 1 is connected in series with L2, and the voltmeter measures the total voltage of two lamps in series.
(2) When Xiaogang uses a voltmeter to measure the voltage across Ll, he directly selects the range of 0 ~ 3V. Xiaoli said that this is not possible, and the standard operating method should be.
(3) When they are measuring the voltage across L2, the two lights suddenly go out and the voltage indicator becomes 0. Xiao Gang uses a voltmeter to detect the voltage at both ends of L 1, indicating that it is the power supply voltage, and thus judges that the fault at L 1 is; Is L2 short-circuited or normal? Xiaoli added an electrical appliance to the original circuit, and the result was tested. Her method may be
(4) After troubleshooting, they continued the experiment and got a set of data shown in the right table. In order to obtain the general law of voltage relationship in series circuit, we should also.
V. Comprehensive application questions (8 points for 22 questions, 9 points for 23 questions, *** 17 points)
22. With the improvement of people's living standards, electric bicycles have entered thousands of households. The main technical parameters of an electric bicycle newly bought by Xiao Ming's family are shown in the table.
(1) The electric bicycle uses a lot of physical knowledge in its structure. Please write different structures and principles according to examples.
Example: the seat is made into a wide saddle shape, and the pressure is reduced by increasing the stress area.
A: Yes.
(2) When the car runs at rated power, what is the current through the motor?
The mass of the vehicle is 40 kg.
The rated power of the motor is 240W.
Rated operating voltage 48V
Maximum speed ≤ 20km/h
(3) The resistance of electric bicycles is 0.04 times of the total weight of human vehicles, and the motor can convert 80% of electric energy into work to overcome the resistance. Xiao Ming, who has a mass of 60k9, rides this electric car at a constant speed with rated power on a straight highway 10min. What is the distance he has traveled? (g = 10N/kg)
23. In response to the call of "energy saving and emission reduction", Zhou Xiao purchased a solar water heater with a volume of 100L. Please study and calculate the solar water heater with Zhou Xiao.
(1) Solar energy is energy (fill in "renewable" or "non-renewable"). The great energy of the sun comes from the reaction inside the sun.
(2) Zhou Xiao filled the water heater with water in the morning, and the temperature sensor showed that the water temperature was l8 oC. When he saw the water temperature was 78 oC after school in the afternoon, how much heat was absorbed by the water in the water heater? Compared with the use of electric water heaters, how many kilowatt hours are saved? Excluding the heat loss of electric water heater, C water = 4.2× 103 J/(kg? oC)
(3) According to the description of the water heater, the vacuum tube water heater can convert 90% solar energy into internal energy of water. Is it really so efficient? Zhou Xiao checked the data and found that the power of solar energy received per unit light receiving area in their area is P. What other physical quantities need to be measured in Zhou Xiao? By using the heat Q calculated in this question, the light-heat conversion efficiency of this water heater can be estimated. Write the expression of efficiency field. (Represented by letters representing physical quantities, no need to calculate specific data)
20 10 Henan junior high school academic level and senior high school entrance examination papers
Reference answers and grading standards of physics test questions
1. Fill in the blanks (L stands for each blank, *** 14)
1. magnetotelluric field. The vibration frequency of the low steel ruler is less than 20Hz.
4. Pressure, power, resistance, electric power, etc. 5. Where the velocity is high, the pressure is low.
7.256.8 (256 ~ 257 is a given score) infrared ray
8. Similarity: Both can spread in the air; Can reflect; Can transmit energy; It's all a wave.
Different: light can travel in a vacuum, but sound cannot travel in a vacuum; Sound and light travel at different speeds;
Light is electromagnetic wave, sound is not electromagnetic wave and so on.
Scoring standard: each grid 1 point, *** 14 point. Other answers, as long as they are reasonable, are also given points.
Second, multiple-choice questions (2 points for each small question, ***l6 points)
Title 910ll1213141516.
Answer B D C A A B C D
Third, drawing questions (2 points for each small question, ***4 points)
17. As shown in the answer sheet 1.
18. As shown in Figure 2 of the answer.
Four, experimental inquiry questions (19 questions 5 points, 20 questions 6 points, 2 1 questions 8 points, *** 19)
19.(5 points)
( 1)94 ( 1)
(2) The answer shown in Figure 3 (2 points)
(3) Keep unchanged (1 min)
(4) Air pressure is not L standard atmospheric pressure (thermometer is not allowed, reading is not allowed, there are impurities in water, etc. ) (1 min)
20.(6 points)
(1) Support again (2 points)
(2) Same (top) (1 min)
(3) Xiao Yuan (2 points)
(4) Keep a uniform linear motion (1 min)
2 1.(8 points)
(1) The answer shown in Figure 4 (1)
(2) firstly, select the range of 0- 15V for test; If the indication is less than 3V, use the range of 0-3V for measurement (2 points).
(3) Open circuit (1)
Connect L 1 in parallel (or instead of L 1) with a small light bulb, a fixed value resistor or a sliding rheostat. If L2 glows, L2 is normal; If L2 does not emit light, L2 is short-circuited. (2 points)
(4) Switch to different specifications of equipment (bulbs, power supplies) or add a sliding rheostat, and make multiple measurements (multiple measurements only give 1 minute) (2 points).
Scoring standard: score according to the above scoring standard, and other answers can be scored as long as they are reasonable.
Five, comprehensive application problems (22 questions 8 points, 23 questions 9 points, ***l7 points)
22. Solution:
(1) There are uneven patterns on the tire surface, and the friction is increased by increasing the roughness;
The wheel hub is made of aluminum alloy, which reduces the quality of the whole vehicle by reducing the density;
The taillight adopts a red reflector to increase the warning by reflecting red light;
Axles use bearings to reduce friction by rolling.
(2) obtained by P=U 1
Scoring standard: 8 points for this question. (1) Ask 2 points, and the answer should not only explain the structural characteristics, but also tell the physics used.
Principle, other answers as long as reasonable also give points.
(2) Ask 2 points, and get the correct data and unit to give 2 points.
(3) If you ask 4 points, correctly calculate the resistance to 1 minute when the car is running, and correctly calculate the distance to give 3 points. count
If the calculation formula and process are correct and the calculation result is wrong, deduct 1 minute. Other schemes, as long as they are reasonable, are also given points.
23. Solution:
(1) Renewable nuclear fusion (thermonuclear)
(3) Measure the effective light receiving area s of the solar water heater and the illumination time t between two water temperature records.
Scoring standard: 9 points for this question. (1) Ask two points. (2) Ask 4 points, calculate the heat absorbed by water to give 3 points, and calculate the degree of saving electric energy to 1 minute. If the calculation formula and process are correct and the calculation result is wrong, L points will be deducted. Other schemes, as long as they are reasonable, are also given points. (3) Ask 3 points, write the physical quantities S and T to be measured to 1 point, and write the expression to 2 points.
Find me the rest of the trees.