The remains of primitive farming culture. The aborigines we know are Hemudu, Banpo and Dawenkou. (Hemudu residents) is the representative of primitive farming in the Yangtze River basin in China, and (Hemudu site) is an important primitive farming cultural site left by the south of China; (Banpo residents) is the representative of primitive farming in the Yellow River valley of China, and (Banpo site) is an important primitive farming cultural site left by northern China. 2. Hemudu residents used bones, wood, stones and ceramic tools about 7000 years ago. They grow (rice) beside lakes and swamps. They raise domestic animals such as buffaloes, pigs and dogs. Collecting, fishing and hunting still play an important role in their lives. They make (pottery) boats first, and they live in (wooden) houses first. About 6000 years ago, Banpo residents lived in Xi City, Shaanxi Province. They are widely used (tools for grinding stones). They grow millet, hemp and vegetables. They raise livestock and poultry, such as pigs, dogs, sheep, cows and chickens. They use hemp (spinning flax). They can make all kinds of pottery. They live (in a house in a semi-basement). 3. (Yuanmou people, Beijingers) and other early humans did not master the grinding technology, but (cavemen, Hemudu people, Banpo people, Dawenkou people) all mastered the grinding technology. The fundamental difference between "Paleolithic" and "Neolithic" lies in whether tools are made by beating or grinding, and (grinding) is the most important feature of Neolithic. China's primitive farming culture is characterized by its early origin and great achievements. There are two types (rice farming and dry farming).
Lesson Three Ancient Legends. About (4000) years ago, the most famous tribes in the Yellow River valley of China were those led by Emperor Yan and Huangdi. The most powerful tribe in the east is the tribe led by Chiyou. 2. Last name (Jiang) and first name (Shennong). His contributions include: making mines, teaching people to farm, inventing pottery and discovering drugs to treat diseases; The surname of the Yellow Emperor (Ji) is Xuanyuan. His contributions include: creating calendars, guiding people to sow and harvest according to seasonal changes, inventing instruments for processing grains and cooking food, and inventing bronzes, vehicles and boats. Huangyan tribe is the backbone of (Huaxia), which is the predecessor of (Han). The ancestors of China are (Yan Di) and (Huangdi), with Yandi Mausoleum in Hunan and Huangdi Mausoleum in Shaanxi. 3. Long after (the Yellow Emperor), (Yao) served as the leader of the tribal alliance. When Yao was old, tribal leaders elected Shun as the leader and Shun as the leader. (Yao, Shun, Yu) elected tribal leaders through democracy and successively succeeded tribal alliance leaders. Historically, this system was called ("abdication"), that is, the system of democratically electing talented people as leaders. It is the fairest system for Yao and Shun to select talents by abdication. 4. Dayu's water control is touching. He is fearless in times of crisis, not afraid of difficulties and hardships, focusing on the interests of the world, seeking interests for the people, pioneering and innovating, and stressing methods, which is worth learning.
Lesson 4 Xia Dynasty and Shang Dynasty 1, (Xia Dynasty) was the first dynasty in China, which was founded by (Yu) about (2070 BC), that is, the century of (2 1 BC). After Yu's son (Qi) inherited the status of the supreme ruler, the symbolic system (hereditary throne) replaced the abdication system. 2. Around A.D. (BC 1600), the leader of Shang Dynasty (Tang Cheng) defeated Xia Yi in Mingtiao (now Fengqiu, Henan Province), destroyed Xia Dynasty and established Shang Dynasty (BC 1300), and Wang Shang (Pan Geng). Shang's sphere of influence is east (sea), west (Weishui), south (Yangtze River) and north (Liaohe River). Handicrafts such as (bronze smelting and casting), (jade making) and (wine making) in Shang Dynasty have developed. The Shang Dynasty ruled for more than 500 years, and the last king was Zhou Wang, who brutally set himself on fire and died.
Lesson 5 The Rise and Fall of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the late Shang dynasty, the (Zhou) clan in the Weihe river basin gradually developed. About (1046) years ago, (Zhou Wuwang) and (Ji Fa) defeated the Shang Dynasty in (Konoha), perished the (Shang) Dynasty and established the (Zhou) Dynasty as the capital. 2. Zhou Wuwang implements the enfeoffment system: the purpose of enfeoffment system: (in order to control the vast area of the country), the object of enfeoffment system: Zhou Wang allows its own (children, relatives, heroes and descendants of some ancient emperors) to establish enfeoffment system in various places. This system is called (enfeoffment system) in history. A total of (7 1) countries were blocked, including (Lu, Qi, Yan, Jin and Song), and the rulers of the countries were called (monarchs) (generally called princes). Shandong is called Qilu land, which is related to the enfeoffment system. Monarchs all over the world support Zhou Wei (the son of heaven). 3. At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, class contradictions, ethnic contradictions and contradictions within the ruling group all became acute. (Zhou Youwang) During his administration, all kinds of contradictions intensified unprecedentedly. (77 1) years ago, the (remnant Rong) clan invaded (Haojiang), Zhou Youwang was killed, and the Western Zhou Dynasty ended. (841) years ago, that is, the first year of the Republic of China, the history of our country began to have an exact date.
Lesson 6 Spring and Autumn Period is 1. 770 years ago, (Zhou Pingwang) moved its capital to Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan). Since then, the history of China has entered a (Spring and Autumn) period. The Spring and Autumn Period refers to (770 BC-476 BC). 2. The reasons for the hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period are as follows: ① The decline of kingship and the serious crisis of Zhou Wang's rule; (2) Some countries are powerful; (3) In order to seize more land, property and population, and strive to be the hegemon of the world and other countries. 3. Five generals in the Spring and Autumn Period (Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Chu Zhuangwang, King He Lv of Wu, King Gou Jian of Yue). What was the reason why Qi could dominate the world in the Spring and Autumn Period? Geographical advantages: Located in the northern part of Shandong today, it is rich in fish and salt and developed in economy. It is a big country in the East. Qi Huangong appointed Guan Zhong as prime minister and carried out reforms to make the national strength of Qi more powerful. Qi Huangong played the banner of "respecting the king and rejecting foreign countries". The symbol of Qi Huangong's hegemony is (Kwai Meng). After Chu Jin's army (the Battle of Chengpu), Jin Wengong occupied a dominant position. The relevant idiom is (to be outside the house). The idiom related to Chu Zhuangwang's hegemony is (blockbuster). The king of Chu is very ambitious. The related event is (winning the Central Plains). Wu Wang appointed the famous military strategist He Lv (Sun Wu) to reform the internal affairs, strengthen the army and become. 5. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, "rites and music conquered from the emperor". In the Spring and Autumn Period, "Rites and music were conquered from all over the country". What does this change mean? It shows that the decline of kingship means that the king of Zhou could not control and direct the weather, but the powerful weather actually replaced the king of Zhou to give orders, control and direct other weather. )
Lesson 7 The Warring States Period is Hero 1, named after numerous wars and fierce competition. After the Spring and Autumn Period, the history of China entered the Warring States Period (475 BC-2265438 BC+0 BC), in which the seven outstanding figures were (Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin) and the capital was (Linzi, Ying, Ji, Zheng, Handan, Daliang and Xianyang). 2. During the Warring States Period, (iron) weapons appeared, and (infantry) and (cavalry) replaced (chariots). Famous military strategists include Sun Bin, who besieged Wei to save Zhao 354 years ago, and Bai Qi, who won the battle of Changping 260 years ago. 3. In the middle and late Warring States, Qin became increasingly powerful, posing a serious threat to the six eastern countries. Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei have "joined forces to attack the strongest", which is called "Zonghe" in history, and the outstanding figure of "Zonghe" is Qi (Su Qin); In order to further develop eastward, Qin must destroy the six-nation alliance, especially the Qi-Chu alliance, so it adopted the method of divide and rule to buy and win over the eastern countries to submit to itself. The history of "attacking the weak with one thing" is called "Lian Heng", and the outstanding figure of "Lian Heng" is Qin Yi.
Lesson 8 Shang Yang Reform 1. During the Warring States period, the main political characteristics of society were ("chaos") and ("change"). "Chaos" refers to continuous wars, such as the battle of Chengpu in Chu Jin, the battle of rebellion, the battle of Changping between Qin and Zhao, and the battle of Lian Heng. Change refers to political reform, such as Shang Yang's political reform. 2. The main signs of the development of productive forces in the Warring States Period are (the use of iron) and (the promotion of Niu Geng). 3. Why did Qin Xiaogong reuse Shang Yang's political reform? (1) Qin is relatively backward, and the six eastern countries despise Qin, and even the alliance rarely allows it to participate; (2) Wei Jun crossed the Yellow River and occupied a large area of land in Qin, and Qin was unable to fight back; (3) After Qin Xiaogong acceded to the throne, he was very backward and would be beaten. Being despised by other countries is a great shame, so he decided to reform the internal affairs and the country. Shang Yang is also a talented person, so Qin Xiaogong appointed Shang Yang to reform. 4. Time of Shang Yang's political reform: (the first 356 years). The contents of Shang Yang's political reform: ① Reform the land system. Abolish the state-owned land system of slavery, dig out the original signs and boundaries of land, and the state recognizes private ownership of land. (2) emphasizing agriculture and restraining business. Anyone who works hard in agriculture and produces more grain and cloth will be exempted from corvee as a reward. It is forbidden to abandon agriculture for business. Anyone who abandons agriculture for business or is lazy and poor should be punished as a slave (this article is most conducive to the development of agricultural production). (3) Reward soldiers. People who have made meritorious deeds in killing the enemy on the battlefield, regardless of their origins, are given titles or official positions according to their merits and demerits, as well as land and houses. Nobles and their descendants can't get titles and enjoy privileges if they don't accept military service. (4) Move the capital to Xianyang and implement the county system. Counties with a height of 365,438+0 are directly managed by officials appointed by the monarch. ⑤ Strict laws and regulations. Promulgate laws, compile household registration, and implement the method of sitting together so that the people can supervise each other. The function (or influence) of Shang Yang's political reform: Shang Yang's political reform was an important (political) and (social) reform in the Warring States period. Through political reform, abolish the old system and establish a new system; Qin Jun's combat effectiveness has been greatly improved; Qin's social economy is developed. At the end of the Warring States Period, the State of Qin built two major water conservancy projects (Dujiangyan) and (Zheng Guoqu). Shang Yang's political reform laid the foundation for Qin to unify the world.
Lesson 9 Unification of the Qin Dynasty
1, Qin Wang's "sweeping Liuhe" refers to (destroying six countries and unifying the world). The background of Qin's unification of the whole country: ① At the end of the Warring States period, the strength of Qin had far surpassed that of the six eastern countries; The time is ripe to unify the world; (3) After Ying Zheng, king of Qin, came to power, he formulated the strategy of defeating the enemy. 2. The sequence of Qin's destruction of the six countries: (Han → Zhao → Wei → Chu → Yan → Qi), and the time of Qin's destruction of the six countries: the first 230 years-the first 22 years1year. Qin unified the whole country (22 1) years ago, and the unified capital was Xianyang. The historical significance of unifying the whole country lies in ending the separatist regime since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and establishing the first unified multi-ethnic country in China's history. 3. The establishment of Qin's autocratic centralization: ① Self-proclaimed as the "first emperor", Qin Shihuang was in the supreme position and had absolute power to decide major state affairs; (2) Set up the Prime Minister, Qiu and imperial envoys in the central government to manage the administration, military affairs and supervision respectively; (3) Cancel the local enfeoffment system (adopting the suggestion of Lisi) and fully implement the county system. Central and local officials are appointed and removed by the emperor, and they must obey the emperor's orders absolutely. In this way, the autocratic centralization was established in the Qin Dynasty. 4. Qin Shihuang's measures to consolidate unity: ① unified measurement; ② Unified currency; (3) Unified text. The currency after Qin's unification is (Qin's half-taels of money). After the unification of Qin dynasty, it was beneficial to the circulation and management of money, and it was also convenient for the ruling class to collect taxes and trade. After the reunification of the Qin Dynasty, the script was (Xiao Zhuan), and later the more convenient font (Li Shu) became popular. The cruelty of Qin dynasty: burning books to bury Confucianism, heavy taxes, military service, corvee, severe punishment and so on. Qin Shihuang was the first feudal emperor in the history of China and established the first unified feudal country in the history of China. He took a series of measures to maintain and consolidate his feudal rule. So I think, as far as the emperor's life is concerned, the merits and demerits are clear, but the merits are greater than the demerits. )
Peasant Uprising in the Late Qin Dynasty
1, Qin's tyranny is manifested in ("burning books to bury Confucianism"), which is the concentrated expression of Qin Shihuang's autocratic rule in the field of culture and thought, and also caused by adopting Li Si's suggestion; Heavy taxes, military service, corvee, severe punishment, etc. The fundamental reason for the demise of the Qin Dynasty is (the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty). 2. Peasant Uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty: The time was (209 years ago), the place was (osawa Township, now southeast of Su County, Anhui Province), * * * was (Chen Sheng,), the place where the political power was established was (Chen), the king was (Chen Sheng) and the name of the political power was (Zhang Chu). As a result, Guangwu was killed by his men, Chen Sheng was killed by the driver, and the uprising broke out. The historical significance lies in that it was the first large-scale peasant uprising in Chinese history; Established the first peasant regime; For the first time, he put forward the slogan of ideological emancipation that "princes will have seeds." ) 3. After the sacrifice of Chen Sheng and Guangwu, the uprising continued. The teams of (Xiang Yu) and (Liu Bang) have become stronger. Later, the uprising army led by Xiang Yu defeated Qin Jun's main force in 1896 (Julu). The famous idiom is "cross the rubicon". (207 BC) The Qin Dynasty perished.
Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty's Literary and Artistic Kung Fu
1 and (202 years ago), (Liu Bang) proclaimed himself emperor and established the (Han) Dynasty, with its capital in (Chang 'an), known in history as (Western Han Dynasty) (202-9 years ago) and its capital in (Luoyang) (25-220 years ago). After decades of recovery and development, when (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) and (Liu Che) were in power, the Han Dynasty entered its heyday. (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) reigned for (53) years, that is, (before 140-87). 2. Culturally, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted (Dong Zhongshu)' s suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" on the grounds that (Dong Zhongshu thinks that heaven is the master of all things, the emperor is the son of heaven, everything should be unified in heaven, and the country should be unified in the emperor. If all statements are allowed to exist at the same time, it will certainly disturb people's hearts and hinder the realization of "great unity." The measures taken by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to achieve great unification are as follows: ① "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone"; (2) The Imperial College was established in Chang 'an, the capital city, with doctors in charge of teaching and recruiting "disciples". This is an ideological and cultural measure taken by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Politically, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted (Zhu's suggestion) and promulgated ("the decree of extending favors"), aiming at weakening the power of the governors and finally achieving the goal. Economically, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty stipulated that money should be minted by the state, and salt and iron should be monopolized by the state. These measures have greatly strengthened the state's control over the economy and provided strong financial support for the civil and military affairs of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. ) Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty expanded its territory militarily and established ("Four Counties in Hexi") to govern the vast area from now on (Gansu) (Hexi Corridor) to (Yumenguan). Re-establish counties and strengthen the jurisdiction over the vast areas south of Wuling (including Hainan Island). Put the area under the direct rule of the Han Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty became a vast multi-ethnic empire. "Southwest Yi" in the Western Han Dynasty refers to the minority areas in southern and western Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan.
Zhang Qian knows the Western Regions.
1. The Western Regions in Han Dynasty refer to the vast areas west of (Yumenguan) (now northwest of Dunhuang, Gansu) and (Yangguan) (now southwest of Dunhuang, Gansu) and east of (Congling). The western region in a broad sense also includes a wider area west of (Congling). 2. The reason why Zhang Qian and Da Yue attacked Xiongnu: (In the early Western Han Dynasty, Xiongnu controlled the western regions. Xiongnu Guizhou brutally oppressed and plundered the people of all ethnic groups in the western regions. Tarquin went south from time to time, threatening the safety of Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty. ) The purpose of Zhang Qian's first mission to the Western Regions: (United with the Dayue people to attack the Huns). The reason why Zhang Qian and Ren Yue failed to jointly attack Xiongnu: (At that time, Ren Yue's life had settled down and lived a good life, and he was unwilling to fight Xiongnu in the Far East. ) The purpose of Zhang Qian's second mission to the Western Regions: (contacting Wusun) to deal a heavier blow to the Xiongnu. Zhang Qian's first mission to the Western Regions was (before 138 and back to Chang 'an before 126); Chang Qian's second mission to the Western Regions was (before 1 19, before 1 15, back to Chang 'an). 3. The positive role of Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions: Zhang Qian's exchanges with the Western Regions promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between the Han nationality and ethnic minorities, and made great contributions to the opening of the Silk Road. What spirit should we learn from Zhang Qian? Zhang Qian was an outstanding diplomat and explorer in ancient China. We should learn from his fearless spirit of taking risks; Learn from his noble character that he is not afraid to sacrifice his life for the benefit of the motherland; We should learn from his perseverance in spite of difficulties. (4) The reason why the Western Han Dynasty established the Western Region Duhu House: (Strengthening the management of the Western Region), the time when the Western Han Dynasty established the Western Region Duhu House: (60 years ago) Economic and cultural exchanges between the Western Region and the Mainland: (The exquisite silk and iron products in the Mainland, advanced iron making and well drilling technology were introduced to the Western Region. Horses, melons, fruits, vegetables, music, dances and magic from the western regions were introduced to the mainland. ) under what circumstances was the protection of the western regions established? (1) After Zhang Qian made two missions to the Western Regions; B. business travel between the western region and the mainland has increased; The political and military activities of the Western Han Dynasty in the Western Regions were strengthened. The significance of setting up the western regions: (the western regions are officially under the jurisdiction of the central government) the western regions (now the northern and southern regions of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang) 5. What achievements did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty make in strengthening the connection between the mainland and Xinjiang today? (Diplomatically, Zhang Qian mainly made two missions to the Western Regions, which strengthened his understanding and exchanges with the Western Regions. ) Summarize and evaluate Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty as a whole. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was one of the most successful emperors in the ancient history of China. Under his rule, the Western Han Dynasty became a huge multi-ethnic empire and the Han Dynasty entered its heyday. )
Foreign exchange in Han dynasty
1, starting from (Chang 'an), passing through the region (Hexi Corridor) and the present (Xinjiang) region, crossing (Qingji) and leading to the important trade routes in (West Asia) and (Europe). On this high road, the main export of the Han Dynasty was silk, so it was called the Silk Road. During the Western Han Dynasty, the "Southern Silk Road" from Chengdu actually took shape. Reasons for its formation: (1) geographical location; B determined by economic, political and cultural status; C is determined by industry characteristics. 2. (North Korea) is a close neighbor of China. In recent decades, a large number of cultural relics of the Han Dynasty have been unearthed in ancient tombs near Pyongyang, including lacquerware made in Shujun. These facts can prove that the economy and culture of the Han Dynasty had an important influence on North Korea. Japan is China's neighbor across the sea, separated only by a strip of water, and China and Japan have a long history. In 57, the Japanese slave countries in the south of the Japanese archipelago sent envoys to Luoyang to "make friends" with the Eastern Han Dynasty. The government of the Eastern Han Dynasty received the ambassador, and (Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty) gave ("King Hannu") a gold seal and a shepherd. In 97 AD, an official of the Eastern Han Dynasty (Ban Chao) in the Western Regions sent his subordinate (Gan Ying) to Daqin (Roman Empire). Gan Ying didn't move forward after arriving in the (Sea of Stripes) (now Persian Gulf), but (learned something about the situation along the way and Europe, and broadened the horizons of Chinese people). (166), a group of Daqin people came to China by sea. This is the first direct contact between China and Europe. Visiting the ancient Silk Road has become one of the golden tourist routes in China. If you were a tour guide on the Silk Road, how would you describe it to tourists? The Silk Road in China spread to foreign countries long ago. After Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions, the land trade between China and the outside world has developed greatly. An important commercial route starts from Chang 'an, passes through Hexi Corridor and present Xinjiang, passes through Green Ridge, and leads to West Asia and Europe. On this trade route, China mainly exports silk, so it is called "Silk Road". 5. Briefly describe the friendly exchanges between China and North Korea during the Han Dynasty. (1) During the Han Dynasty, some Koreans came to the Korean peninsula from the sea or across the Yalu River, and they brought advanced production tools and technologies. With the help of middle school craftsmen, the local people mastered the cast iron technology. (2) A large number of Han cultural relics, including lacquerware made in Shu County, were unearthed in ancient tombs near Pyongyang. )
The formation of the tripartite confrontation between the three countries
1. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were famous warlords such as (Yuan Shao) and (Cao Cao). It was (Cao Cao) who "relied on the emperor to make the princes" and put forward that "meritocracy is the only way, and I can use it." Yes (Cao Cao). 2. The battle of Guandu was held in (Guandu) (now Zhongmou North, Henan Province) in (200), and the warring parties were (Cao Cao) and (Yuan Shao). The reason for winning is (Cao Cao is good at employing people and his strategy and tactics are correct), and the significance or influence of the battle of Guandu is (Cao Cao basically unified the north). In the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao led a good soldier to sneak into the lair and burned all the food and grass of Yuan Shao, which laid the foundation for victory. 3. Why did Cao basically unify the north? (A: First, the political strategy is appropriate, and the emperor is used as a vassal; Second, attach importance to talents, and "meritocracy is the promotion"; Third, attach importance to economic development and reclaim land; Fourth, outstanding military talents and appropriate strategies and tactics defeated Yuan Shao in the battle of Guandu. 4. The time in Battle of Red Cliffs is (208) and the place is (Chibi) (now northwest of chibi city, Hubei). The warring parties are (Cao Cao) and (Sun Quan, both allies), and the reason for the war is (Cao Cao wants to unify the whole country). The reasons for Cao Cao's failure are as follows: (1) Sun Quan, a well-equipped party, formed a joint army with appropriate strategies; Fire attack, proper tactics; Take advantage of climate, geographical conditions, etc. B, Cao Cao's side: the objective reason is that the officers and men are northerners, unaccustomed to water warfare and unaccustomed to the water; Subjective reasons are due to complacency in strength, lax estimation of the enemy and tactical mistakes), while Battle of Red Cliffs's significance or influence is (forming a situation in which Cao Cao and Sun Quan share the world). Cao Cao lost most of his troops in (Battle of Red Cliffs) and led the defeated troops to flee in a mess (Huarong Road). Both (the Battle of Guandu) and (Battle of Red Cliffs) are famous battles in history. 5. The establishment of Wei, Shu and Wu: (220), (Cao Cao) died of illness, and his son (Cao Pi) threatened (Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty) to abdicate, ascended the throne as emperor, changed his country name (Wei) and established his capital (Luoyang); In (22 1), (Liu Bei) proclaimed himself emperor in (Chengdu), with the title of (Han) and the historical name of () or (Shu); In 229 AD, (Sun Quan) officially proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Wu and its capital (Jianye) (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). At this point, the three-legged situation in Wei Shuwu was formally formed. 6. Briefly describe the formation process of the three pillars. (Battle of Guandu-Cao Cao basically unified the north; Battle of Red Cliffs-the situation of three points in the world has actually been formed; The establishment of Wei, Shu and Wu-the tripartite confrontation between the three countries was formally formed. 7. After the founding of Shu, (Liu Bei) led a great army to attack (Wu), and the Shu army was defeated. Liu Bei died in (Baidicheng) (now fengjie county, Chongqing). Zhuge Liang took the initiative to improve the relationship with Wu, effectively restricting Wei and maintaining the situation of the three countries. 8. Look at the situation map of the three countries and remember the locations, capitals and battlefields of the three countries.
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